Water=Liquid Gold. Problems Dry Land –Much of the M.E. and N. Africa are covered with desert....
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Transcript of Water=Liquid Gold. Problems Dry Land –Much of the M.E. and N. Africa are covered with desert....
![Page 1: Water=Liquid Gold. Problems Dry Land –Much of the M.E. and N. Africa are covered with desert. Sahara, Rub Al Khali, and part of Iran and Afghanistan are.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070410/56649efb5503460f94c0e8b4/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Water=Liquid Gold
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Problems• Dry Land
– Much of the M.E. and N. Africa are covered with desert. Sahara, Rub Al Khali, and part of Iran and Afghanistan are also desert.
• Drought Conditions– In the 1990’s severe droughts began and rainfall in
the M.E. fell to less than 10%
• Population Growth– M.E. countries are experiencing population growth– Growth rates average 2.5%– Egypt’s population had grown by 1 million people– 20% of land with more than 10% of population and
2% fresh water.
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The amount of water available per person in the arid region will halve
by 2050, a report from the bank estimates.
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Adilla Finchaan, 50, checks her drought-stricken land in Latifiyah, about 20 miles south of Baghdad, in this photo taken in July 2009. Below-average rainfall and insufficient water in the Euphrates and Tigris rivers — something the Iraqis have blamed on upstream dams in Turkey and Syria — have left Iraq bone-dry for a second straight year.
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• Syria and Iraq blame Turkey's huge network of dams on the Tigris and Euphrates rivers for reducing water supplies by 50 percent
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Problems Continued
• Agriculture– Agricultural use of water is enormous– In Jordan, farming makes up less than 10% of GDP,
but uses 80% of the water
• Pollution– Poor water quality is a result of development and
agriculture– Septic tank leaks, run off from livestock and
pesticides, oil and gas drilling– Tigris, Nile, and Euphrates are polluted
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With 85% of water-use devoted to agriculture, countries such as Morocco will have to cut back on irrigation and switch to crops that require less water but earn more money.
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Dead Sea is shrinking- Canal to connect Red/Dead Sea to help spread
water supply Two Seas Canal
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Jordan, Euphrates, and Tigris are getting smaller
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Yemen- People are moving to cities due to aquifers depleting.
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Solutions• Desalination
– Removes salt from seawater– Heated, steamed, then cooled– Expensive and uses a lot of energy
• Treated Wastewater– Some treat wastewater multiple times– Used for crops – People fear conatmination
• Imports– Pipelines built for water distribution– Countries must work together to maintain pipelines
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Solutions Continued
• Alternative Water Sources– Storing rainwater, capture winter thaws,
importing water tankers, cloud seeding
• Conservation– Bedouins live on 4-5 liters of water per day– Gulf states are among the highest users in the
world
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Solutions include
• Building dams
• Limiting agriculture to water-intolerant crops
• Re-Use of waste water
• Aquifers
• Qanats
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Other Possibilities?
• Discuss with others, possible solutions your that could the water shortage in the Middle East.
• What did you come up with?
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How does access to water effect the population?
• What areas have the highest population?– Along river valleys– Turkey– And where the aquifers are located
• What areas have the least population?– The driest areas- Central Yemen, Oman,
Saudi Arabia, Egypt outside of the Nile.
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Did you know??
• One billion people lack access to clean water.
• Nearly half of the world’s population will live in water-stressed areas by 2025.
• Many say that the next war fought in the Middle East will be over water, not oil.
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Did you know??
• That GE is the world’s largest supplier of desalination plants in the world.
• GE’s desalination plants reclaim 2 trillion gallons of water a day.
• Their reverse osmosis plants take waste water and change it to 100 million gallons of water a day.
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Movie…
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Did you listen??? • What type of desalinations was mentioned
in this video?– Reverse Osmosis
• When did the largest water treatment plant in Africa open? – November 2007
• What is the plant called?– Hamma Plant
• How many people will it supply water to?– 1million people
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Why isn’t desalination a quick fix?
• $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$