WATER TRANSPORTATION 1

DEFINITION

The movement of passengers or cargo over or through large distances of water – both oceans or seas and fresh water, inland waterways

3 Main Categories:

AQUEDUCTS – pipelines, tunnels, canals, navigable channel

CONTAINER SHIPMENT – tanker, crates, container vans

PASSENGER SHIP – cruiselines, ferries, catamarans

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BRIEF BACKGROUND (Motive power)

The first form of water transportation used “manpower” with man moving their way across bodies of water with a paddle and small boat, likened to a canoe

After paddling came the usage of “SAILS” , in addition to unison paddling ,to bring bigger vessels across wider bodies of water. Sails alone were also used in smaller vessels.

The discovery of the steam engine allowed for the large vessels to traverse oceans with heavy cargo and numerous passengers

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BRIEF BACKGROUND (Motive power)

Eventually when motorized land vehicles evolved, motorized water vessels were also developed, allowing ships, large and small, to run on oil or fuel, which is seen today

“Cruising” evolved from regular “transportation” activities where passengers and cargo were brought, non-stop, across oceans to reach different countries and/or continents.

Then the concept of “fun ships” or “love boats” started gaining popularity.

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BRIEF BACKGROUND (Motive power)

Cruising industry started gaining momentum in the 1970’s and 1980’s.

Then in the 1990’s they started building “megaships” that far exceeded the size and scope of the biggest ocean liners.

At the same time, the “paddlewheelers” were also revived in the big in-land waterways such as the Mississippi which carried over 300 passengers.

Always, the connotation of a cruise is an experience of luxury

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FAST FACTS ABOUT CRUISE LINE INDUSTRY

It has a large market - in North America alone, estimated potential is 70 Million (half of the people over 25 years old who have an income of at least US$ 20,000 have expressed wanting to cruise)

A cruise company typically purchases over US$ 600M of food and beverage per year

On a week-long cruise on a large vessel can consume 5,000 cases of wine and champagne

Many ship gyms use air-resistance machines because weighted machines are too heavy

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FAST FACTS ABOUT CRUISE LINE INDUSTRY

One third to one half of the people aboard a ship are crew members

A typical dining room attendant makes US$ 25,000-30,000 a year in salary and tips and have minimal “on-board” expenses.

The number one source of revenue on board is beverage sales

Casino gamblers spend about US$ 10.00 a day

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TYPES OF CRUISE ITINERARIES

1. ROUND-TRIP or CIRCLE Itinerary

2. ONE-WAY Itinerary

3. CLOSED JAW Itinerary – to include air travel

4. OPEN JAW Itinerary – to include air travel

5. CRUISE ONLY Trip

• AT-SEA Days

• PORT Days

• CRUISE Tour

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WHY DO PEOPLE CRUISE

1. Hassle-free vacation – pack and unpack only once

2. Getting away from it all – unless one makes a living on a fishing vessel, tanker or cargo ship, cruising is a new experience

3. Interesting destinations – can see several places at the same trip

4. You can do IT ALL or NOTHING

5. Something for everybody

6. A learning, friendly, romantic, safe, trendy, experience

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WHY DO PEOPLE CRUISE

7. A pre-packaged vacation

8. Good vacation value

9. Lends itself to group travel

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BASIC FEATURES IN A CRUISE LINE

Cabins or staterooms

Dining options – main and alternative dining rooms and snack bars

Entertainment venues

Public areas

Fitness facilities

Atrium – similar to a central lobby

Shopping

Pool deck

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BASIC FEATURES IN A CRUISE LINE

Children’s area

Spa

Casino or evening entertainment

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TYPES OF ROOMS IN A CRUISE

Inside cabin – middle rooms with no windows or portholes

Outside cabin – rooms with portholes and windows

Balcony / veranda cabin – a room which opens to a private seating area at a portion of the deck

Mini-suite – rooms with a small waiting area or parlor in addition to the beds

Suite – a larger room with a waiting area to entertain guests, a kitchenette or bar

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BIG 8 CRUISELINES

1. STAR CRUISE LINE – operates in Asia and caters to the Asian, European and Australian markets. Casinos are popular in these cruises

2. PRINCESS CRUISES – modern, bright ships which offers flexible dining services. They also offer an outdoor cinema.

3. ROYAL CARIBBEAN – serves over 25% of the cruise line market. They have the strong “mega ship categories in service.

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BIG 8 CRUISELINES

4. HOLLAND AMERICAL LINES – focuses more on comfort. Has a loyal and more mature client base and its décor is more conservative.

5. COSTA CRUISE LINES – is an Italian cruise operation which caters to the European market, with services catering to their tastes.

6. CELEBRITY CRUISES – is known for its cuisine. It has more crewmembers than most cruise lines and has a loyal clientele.

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BIG 8 CRUISELINES

7. NORWEGIAN CRUISE LINE – offers a loose dining policy on all ships where rules are more relaxed. They promote more sports activities.

8. CARNIVAL - called the “Fun Ships”, they cater to a younger, more active generation. They attract first time cruisers in a 20-40 age range.

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WHY DO PEOPLE CHOOSE WATER TRANSPORTATION

Generally, more affordable especially when shipping items or cargo in bulk

Must travel big distances but afraid to fly and not accessible entirely by land

In some places, there is no faster alternative

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EFFECTS OF WATER TRANSPORTATION ON TOURISM

Increase economic activity

Increase foreign exchange

Decrease in transportation cost

Increase in government revenue

Increase in employment opportunities

Increase in foreign investments

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Water Transportation Infrastructure

PIERS

A raised structure , including bridge, building support and walkways over water

TYPES OF PIERS

Working Pier - built for handling cargo and passengers

Pleasure Pier – normally in resort areas for guests on holiday and for use of smaller, private vehicles

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Water Transportation Infrastructure

Fishing Pier – purely for persons who wish to sit and catch fish

PORTS

• Large scale piers with industrial equipment to handle commercial number of passenger and cargo

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Water Transportation Infrastructure

LIGHTHOUSE

A tower or building or other structure designed to emit light and be an aid to navigation for pilots at sea or inland waterways

Normally marks dangerous coastlines – shoals, reefs or for safe entries to harbors

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COMMONLY USED TERMS IN CRUISES

ABOARD – on board the ship

ASHORE – on the shore (off the ship)

ATRIUM – the common place in cruise ships

BALCONY – also known as a veranda, a private seating area on the outside of a ship, accessed only from one’s cabin

BERTH – the place where ships dock

BOW – the front of the ship

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COMMONLY USED TERMS IN CRUISES

BRIDGE – where the Captain operates the ship; navigational, command and control area of the ship

BUNKERING – to take on fuel

CABIN – passenger room of a ship

DISEMBARK – getting off the ship, at various ports and at the end of the cruise

DECK – the floor of the ship

DOCK – act of parking the ship at the pier

FORWARD – toward the front the ship

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COMMONLY USED TERMS IN CRUISES

GALLEY – the ship’s kitchen

GANGWAY – the opening at the side of the ship where passengers embark and disembark

STARBOARD – right hand side of the ship

STERN – the back of the ship

PORT – may be a harbour or multiple harbours where ships dock; left side of the ship (as a part of the ship)

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THE WAY

1. OCEANS – The largest of all bodies of water. There are 4 main oceans: Pacific, Atlantic, Indian and Arctic

2. SEAS – Second largest bodies of water, salty and open to or even part of oceans (Black Sea, Caspian Sea, Dead Sea, Baltic Sea, Philippine Sea, West Philippine Sea)

3. GULFS – large areas of water that penetrates into land

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THE WAY

4. LAKES – smaller than gulfs and seas usually have fresh water and are mostly, if not entirely encircled by land

• Sometimes flowing, sometimes still

5. RIVERS – large /flowing streams of water that empty into other bodies of water

6. COVE – a coastal landform – circular or round inlet

7. CREEK – an inlet of the sea, narrower than a cove

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THE WAY

8. Harbour – a man-made or natural body of water where ships are stored or may seek shelter from weather and currents

9. Lagoon – a shallow salt or brackish water

10. Bay – a larger cove with a protected area sometimes leading up to harbours or ports

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THE VEHICLE

TYPE OF CRUISE LINES

• Luxury cruise lines

• Education and adventure cruise lines – smaller and visits ecologically interesting places

• Masted Sailing Ships – real sails which give experience of previous seafaring

• Riverboats – “time machines” of the past

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ORGANIZATIONS / AGENCIES

INTERNATIONAL:

CLIA – Cruise Lines International Association

- 26 members (as discussed by reporter)

LOCAL:

Philippine Coast Guard (PCG) – broader enforcement of maritime laws in the country: smuggling, fishing, drug trafficking, piracy

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ORGANIZATIONS / AGENCIES

MARINA – Maritime Industry Authority

• Registration of water vessels

PHILIPPINE PORTS AUTHORTY (PPA)

• Facilitate monitoring of security-related events for water vehicles

• Monitors flow of water vessels in and out of ports

SOLAS – Safety of Life at Sea

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