Water Supply FVCC Fire Rescue. OBJECTIVES 2-12.1Identify the guidelines to follow when deploying a...

Water Supply

FVCC Fire Rescue

OBJECTIVES2-12.1 Identify the guidelines to follow

when deploying a portable water tank. (3-3.14)

2-12.2 Identify the equipment necessary for the transfer of water between portable water tanks. (3-3.14)

OBJECTIVES2-12.3 Identify the guidelines to follow

when loading and offloading tankers/tenders on mobile water supply apparatus. (3-3.14)

2-12.4 Identify the water distribution system and other water sources in the local community. (3-3.14)

OBJECTIVES2-12.5 Identify the following parts of

a water distribution system: (3-3.14)2-12.5.1 Primary feeders2-12.5.2 Secondary feeders2-12.5.3 Distributors

2-12.6 Identify the operation of the following: (3-3.14)2-12.6.1 Dry barrel hydrant2-12.6.2 Wet barrel hydrant2-12.6.3 Dry hydrant

OBJECTIVESIdentify how the following conditions

reduce hydrant effectiveness: (3-3.14)2-12.7.1 Obstructions to use of hydrants2-12.7.2 Direction of hydrant outlets to

suitability of use2-12.7.3 Mechanical damage2-12.7.4 Rust and corrosion

OBJECTIVES2-12.7.5 Failure to open the hydrant fully2-12.7.6 Susceptibility to freezing

2-12.9 Identify apparatus, equipment and appliances required to provide water at rural locations by a mobile water supply apparatus shuttle. (3-3.14)

OBJECTIVES2-12.10 Identify the procedure for

connecting a supply hose to a hydrant and fully open and close the hydrant. (3-3.14)

2-12.11 Identify the procedure for hydrant to pumper hose connections forward and reverse lays (3-3.14)

OBJECTIVES2-12.12 Identify the procedure

assembling and connecting the equipment necessary for drafting from a static water supply source. (3-3.14)

2-12.13 Identify the procedure for the deployment of a portable water tank. (3-3.14)

OBJECTIVES2-12.14 Identify the procedure for

assembling the equipment necessary for the transfer of water between portable tanks.

2-12.15 Demonstrate connecting a supply hose to a hydrant and fully open and close the hydrant.

OBJECTIVES2-12.16 Demonstrate hydrant to pumper

hose connections for forward and reverse hose lays. (3-3.14(b))

2-12.17 Demonstrate assembling and connecting the equipment necessary for drafting from a static water supply source. (3-3.14(b))

OBJECTIVES2-12.18 Demonstrate the deployment of

a portable water tank. (3-3.14(b))2-12.19 Demonstrate assembling the

equipment necessary for the transfer of water between portable tanks. (3-3.14(b))

o IFSTA, Essentials, 4th ed, Chapter 10o Delmar, Firefighter’s Handbook, copyright 2000,

Chapter 18

HISTORY OF WATER SYSTEMSVS 11-1

AqueductWells and Reservoirs

Bucket BrigadeLog Pipes

Wooden Main Plug

DEPLOYING A PORTABLE WATER TANK

Place heavy tarp on ground to protect liner.Position tanks to permit access from

multiple directions.Position tank drain downhill, if possible.

EQUIPMENT NEEDEDHeavy tarpPortable tankLow level strainerHard suctionJet siphon if multiple tanks will be used

LOADING & OFFLOADING TANKERS/TENDERS

LoadingUse best hydrant or fill siteUse large or multiple hoselinesUse pumper, if needed, for adequate flow

LOADING & OFFLOADING TANKERS/TENDERS

OffloadingPosition portable tankers/tenders to permit

more than one tanker to dump.Provide adequate personnel so tanker driver

does not have to exit cab.Select site so vehicles do a minimum of

backing.

WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM

Source of supply Ground water

Water wellsWater producing springs

SurfaceRiversLakesReservoirsSwimming pools


Primary feeders Large pipes (mains) with relatively

widespread spacing, that convey large quantities of water to various points of the system for local distribution to the smaller mains.

COMPONENTS OF MODERN WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM

VS 11-2

1.Source

2.

Treatment Facility

3. Means of Moving Water4.

Distribution System

WATER MOVEMENT METHODSVS 11-3

Direct Pumping

Gravity

CombinationPumping & Gravity


Secondary feeders Network of intermediate-sized pipes that

reinforce the grid within the various loops of the primary feeder system and aid the concentration of the required fire flow at any point.

Distributors Grid arrangement of smaller mains serving

individual fire hydrants and blocks of consumers.

RECOMMENDED WATER MAIN SIZES

VS 11-5

12-Inch(300 mm)

8-Inch(200 mm)

6-Inch(150 mm)

Principle Streets& Long Mains

Business& Industrial

Residential

FLOW THROUGH DIFFERENT PIPE SIZES

VS 11-6

Carrying Capacity of Water Mains

Static Pressure = 50 psi (350 kPa)

Residential Pressure = 20 psi (140 kPa)

1,000 Feet of 4-Inch Main

(300 m of 100 mm Main)







255 gpm(965 L/min)

740 gpm(2 801 L/min)

1,575 gpm(5 962 L/min)

4,650 gpm(17 602 L/min)

OPERATION OF HYDRANTSDry barrel hydrant

Common in climates where freezing weather is expected.

Hydrant is empty when closed and not in use.

Drain on hydrant is open, when not in use, to remain empty.

Valve, holding back water, is below frost line.Usually constructed of cast iron, but

important working parts usually made of bronze.

OPERATION OF HYDRANTSWet barrel hydrant

May be used only in areas where no freezing weather is expected.

Hydrant is always filled with water.May have one or more compression valves.Usually constructed of cast iron, but

important working parts usually made of bronze.

OPERATION OF HYDRANTSDry hydrant

Is a connection point for drafting from a static water source

Pipe system with a pumping suction connection at one end and strainer at the other

Used primarily in rural areas with no water system.

HYDRANT EFFECTIVENESSObstructions to use of hydrants

Sign postsUtility poleFencesParking zonesLandscaping

HYDRANT EFFECTIVENESSDirection of hydrant outlets to suitability

of use. Facing proper direction for pumper to

hydrant connectionsSufficient clearing between the outlets and

ground for hose connectionsMechanical damage Rust and corrosion Failure to open the hydrant fully Susceptibility to freezing

APPARATUS, EQUIPMENT, AND APPLIANCES

RequirementsWater supply must be capable of maintaining the

desired volume of water required for the duration of the incident.

Relay must be established quickly enough to be worthwhile.


Number of pumpers needed and distance between pumpers is determined by:Volume of water neededDistance between water source and fire

sceneHose size availableAmount of hose availablePumper capacities

Knowledge of correct friction loss


Supplemental equipment:StrainersPumpsSuction hoseFlotation device


Key componentsAttack apparatus at the fire (dump site)Fill apparatus at fill siteMobile water supply apparatus

(tankers/tenders) to haul water from fill site to dump site

Portable tank(s)TarpsLow level intake devices (strainers)Jet siphons (if multiple tanks will be used)

CONNECTING A SUPPLY HOSE TO A HYDRANT

Small intake hose-hydrant connectionRemove intake hose(s), hydrant wrench and

other required tools from pumper.Unroll the hose(s).Connect the hose(s) to the pumper.Place the hydrant wrench on the hydrant

valve stem operating nut with the handle pointing away from the outlet(s).

Remove the appropriate cap(s)


Open and then close the hydrant to make sure there is water and nothing is blocking the discharge(s)

Connect the hose(s) to the hydrant, using any adapters that may be necessary

Fully open the hydrant


Soft sleeve hydrant connectionRemove intake hose, hydrant wrench and

other required tools from the pumper.Unroll the hose.Connect the hose to the pumper.Place the hydrant wrench on the hydrant

valve stem operating nut with the handle pointing away from the outlet.

Remove the appropriate cap.


Open and then close the hydrant to make sure there is water and nothing is blocking the discharge.

Connect the hose to the hydrant, using any adapters that may be necessary

Fully open the hydrant


Hard suction hydrant connectionCaution: Some light weight hard suction are

designed for drafting only and should NOT be connected to a hydrant.

Firefighter #1Check to see booster tank valve is closed.Remove the pump intake capAssist with the removal of the hard suction from the

pumperAssist with the connection of the hard suction to the

pumper.Assist with the connection of the hard suction to the

hydrantFully open the hydrant.


Firefighter #2Remove the hydrant wrench and adapter (if

necessary) from the pumperRemove the hydrant outlet capPlace the hydrant wrench on the hydrant valve stemOpen and then close the hydrant to make sure there

is water and nothing is blocking the discharge.


Place the adapter on the 4 ½ inch outlet, if necessary.

Assist with the removal of the hard suction from the pumper

Assist with the connection of the hard suction to the pumper

Assist with the connection of the hard suction to the hydrant.

FORWARD & REVERSE LAYSReverse Lay

Firefighter at the scenePull off sufficient hose to reach the intake of the

pumperAnchor the hoseSignal pumper operator to proceed to the water

sourceApply a hose clamp when safe to do so

FORWARD & REVERSE LAYSFirefighter at the water source

Pull the remaining length of the last section of hose from the hose bed.

Disconnect the coupling and return the male coupling to the hose bed.

Connect the supply hose to a discharge valve.

FORWARD & REVERSE LAYSForward Lay

Firefighter at the hydrantPull sufficient hose to reach the platform.Approach the hydrant and loop the hose around it.Place your foot on the hose.Signal the operator to proceed.Place the hydrant wrench on the valve stem operating nutRemove the appropriate cap(s) from the hydrant.Open and then close the hydrant to make sure there is

water and nothing is blocking the dischargeConnect the supply hose to the outlet closest to the fire.Charge the hoseline by fully opening the hydrant, when

instructed to do so

FORWARD & REVERSE LAYSFirefighter at the scene

Apply a hose clampPull the remaining length of the last section of hose

from the hose bedDisconnect the coupling and return the female

coupling to the hose bedConnect the supply hose to an intakeSignal for the hoseline to be chargedRemove the hose clamp

DRAFTING FROM A STATIC WATER SUPPLY SOURCE

Firefighter #1Check to see booster tank valve is closedRemove the pump intake capAssist with the removal of the hard suction

from the pumperAssist with connection of the strainer to the

hard suction


Assist with the connection of the hard suction to the pumper

Assist with placing hard suction in water source

Tighten all connections prior to drafting


Firefighter #2Remove strainer and an adapter (if

necessary) from the pumperPlace the adapter on the 4 ½ inch outlet if

necessaryAssist with the removal of the hard suction

from the pumperAssist with connection of the strainer to the

hard suctionAssist with the connection of the hard suction

to the pumperAssist with placing hard suction in water

source.

DEPLOYMENT OF PORTABLE WATER TANK

Place heavy tarp on ground to protect liner.Position tanks to permit access from

multiple directionsPosition tank to drain downhill, if possible

DEPLOYMENT OF PORTABLE WATER TANK

Guidelines for loading and unloading:Loading

Use best hydrant or fill siteUse large or multiple hoseline(s)Use pumper, if needed, for adequate flow

UnloadingPosition portable tanks to permit more than one

tanker to dumpProvide adequate personnel so tanker driver does

not have to exit the cabSelect site so vehicles do a minimum of backing

TRANSFER OF WATER BETWEEN PORTABLE TANKS

Jet siphonsTank connecting devices

TYPES OF VALVES VS 11-7

ButterflyPost

Indicator

Gate Valve(Nonindicating)

Outside ScrewAnd Yoke

(OS&Y)

FRICTION LOSSThat part of the total pressure lost as water

moves through a piping system or hose

TS 11–11

INCREASED FRICTION LOSSVS 11-8

Sediment and Debris Incrustation from Mineral Deposits

KINDS OF PRESSUREStatic pressure — Stored potential energy available to

force water through pipe, fittings, fire hose, and adapters

Normal operating pressure — Pressure found in a water distribution system during periods of normal consumption demand

Residual pressure — Pressure left in a distribution system at a specific location when a quantity of water is flowing

Flow pressure — Forward velocity pressure at a discharge opening while water is flowing

TS 11–12

WATER PRESSUREVS 11–1

Static Pressure Residual Pressure Flow Pressure

Homework Match to their correct definitions, terms associated with water supply. Write

the correct letters in the blanks.

1. A fire hydrant that receives water from two or more directions

2. Valve that does not visually show whether the valve seat is open, closed, or partially closed

3 . A fire hydrant that receives water from only one direction

4. Valve that visually shows whether the gate or valve seat is open, closed, or partially closed

5. That part of the total pressure lost as water moves through a piping system or hosea. Dead-end hydrant

b. Friction loss

c. Hydrant with circulating feed

d. Indicating valve

e. Nonindicating valve

Homework

a. Direct pumping b. Gravity system C. Combination system

6. ___ Used by most communities; combines direct pumping and gravity systems.7. ___ Uses a primary water source located at a higher elevation than the distribution system8. ___ Water is forced into distribution system from a series of pumps9.___ Residential hydrant supply

10. __ Business and industrial districts 11. __ Long mains and those used on principal streets

a. 12 inch b. 8 inch C. 6 inch

Homework

12.

13.

14.

15.

A. DistributorB. HydrantC. Primary FeederD. Secondary Feeder

Homework

16. ___ 17. ___ 18. ___ 19. ___

a. Butterfly Valveb. OS&Y Valvec. Non-indicating Gate Valved. Post Indicator Valve

TYPES OF FIRE HYDRANTSVS 11-9

Dry Barrel

Stem Nut

Drain Hole

Operating Stem

Main Valve

Wet Barrel

Operating Stem

AutomaticCheck

Hose OutletAnd

Valve Seal

Homework Distinguish between wet-barrel and dry-barrel fire hydrants. Write A

before characteristics of wet-barrel hydrants and B before characteristics of dry-barrel hydrants.

20. ___ Used in climates where freezing is expected21. ___ Usually have compression-type valve at each outlet22. ___ May have central valve located in the hydrant bonnet23. ___ Usually classified as compression, gate, or knuckle-joint type24. ___ Barrel always filled with water to the valves near the discharges25. ___ Drains through a small valve at the bottom of the hydrant26. ___ Valve holding back the water is below ground and anticipated

frost line27. ___ May open with pressure or against pressure28. ___ When hydrant is closed, barrel from top of hydrant to the valve is empty of water29. ___ Used in areas that do not have freezing weather

Homework

Select facts about water shuttling and relay pumping. Write the correct letters on the blanks.

30. What is the term for raising water from a static water source to supply a pumper?

a. Drafting b. Relaying c. Shuttling d. Siphoning31. What rule of thumb may be used for placing a strainer at an effective depth?a. Ensure 12 inches of water above and below the strainerb. Ensure 6 inches of water above and below the strainerc. Ensure 24 inches of water above and below the strainerd. Ensure 18 inches of water above and below the strainer32. Which of the following alternative sources of water requires strainers on hard-

suction lines?a. Swimming pool b. Private industrial water system 3. Farm pond d. Storage

tank33. What is the shallowest level of water from which strainers can draw?a. 1 to 2 inches 2. 3 to 4 inches c. 5 to 6 inches d. 7 to 8 inches

Homework34. Which is the recommended distance for water shuttling?a. Greater than ⅜ mile b. Greater than ½ mile c. Greater than ⅝ mile d. Greater than ¾ mile35. Where should water supply officers be positioned for efficient water

shuttles?a. At the fill site b. At the dump sitec. At a point midway between the fill site and the dump sited. At both the fill site and the dump site36. Which is generally the most efficient means of connecting portable tanks?a. Plain siphon c. Jet siphonb. Commercial tank-connecting deviced. Hydro-Pac37. What minimum fill rate for apparatus on level ground does the NFPA

standard require?a. 750 gpm b. 1,000 gpm c. 1,250 gpm d. 1,500 gpm 38. Who determines the distance between pumpers in relay pumping?a. The driver of the apparatus at the sourceb. The driver of the attack apparatusc. The driver of the relay apparatusd. An appointed water supply officer

VS 11–2

HYDRANT INSPECTION• No Obstructions

• Operating Nut Easily Turned• Full Flow

• Paint in Condition• No Caps Painted Closed

• No Physical Damage• Little Rust or Corrosion

• Outlets Facing Correctly• Adequate Clearance from Ground

• Ability to Drain• No Erosion at Base

USING A PITOT TUBEMethod 1: Grasping pitot tube just behind

the blade with the first two fingers and thumb of the left hand while holding air chamber with right hand

Method 2: Splitting left hand fingers around gauge outlet and placing left side of left fist on the edge of hydrant outlet

TS 11–4

READING THE PITOTVS 11–3

D = ½ x Outlet Diameter

D

D

USING WATER FLOW TABLESVS 11–4

HYDRANT FLOW COLOR CODES

VS 11–5

Hydrant Class Color Flow

Class AA

Class A

Class B

Class C

Light Blue

Green

Orange

Red

1,500 gpm(5 680 L/min)

or greater

1,000-1,499 gpm(3 785 L/min to

5 675 L/min

500-999 gpm(1 900 L/min to

3 780 L/min)

Less than 500 gpm(1 900 L/min)

HomeworkMatch to their correct definitions terms associated with flow and pressure.

Write the correct letters on the blanks.

39. __ Pressure left at a specific location in water-distribution system when a quantity of water is flowing

40. __ Pressure or velocity of water coming from a discharge opening

41. __ Pressure in water-distribution system before the flow hydrant is opened

42. __ Pressure in water-distribution system during normal consumption demands

a) Flow pressure b) Normal operating pressure c) Residual pressure d) Static pressure

Homework

43. __ Hydrant locations should not be spaced more than ___ feet apart in high-value districts

A. 100 b. 200 c. 300 d. 600

44. __ Hydrants are usually placed near each street intersection, with intermediate hydrants where distances between intersections exceed ___ to ___ feet

a. 100 to 200 b. 250 to 300 c. 300 to 325 d. 350 to 400

45.___

46. ___

47. ___

48.___

Light Blue

Green

Orange

RedClass C

Class B

Class A

Class AA

d. 1,500 gpmc. 1,000-1,499 gpmb. 500-999 gpma. Less than 500 gpm

Water Supply FVCC Fire Rescue. OBJECTIVES 2-12.1Identify the guidelines to follow when deploying a...

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