Water Stewardship - Ensuring a Secure Future for California Agriculture

8/9/2019 Water Stewardship - Ensuring a Secure Future for California Agriculture

1/16

1WAER SEWARDSHIP

HE VIABILIY OF AGRICULURE i Calioria is thratd by

iscr watr spplis a rslt o dwidlig spply, distribtio

challgs, ad amplid comptitio amog srs. I a ra o srios

ad ar-rachig viromtal, social, ad coomic isss actig

agricltr ad th broadr socity, wi-wi soltios that brig mltipl

bts mst b soght. Agricltral watr stwardship is o dr-

xplord ara with th pottial or makig valabl cotribtios.Agricltral watr stwardship th carl ad rsposibl maagmt

ad s o availabl watr rsorcs ca hlp islat armrs agaist

tr crtaity i watr spply, bolstr ood scrity, hac

viromtal qality, ad cotribt to ovrall appropriat watr

maagmt i Calioria.

Water Stewardship

Ensuring a Secure Future forCalifornia Agriculture

june

GaryKramer/NrCS

i


2/16

2 WAER SEWARDSHIP

jItrodctio

AGRICULURE is a damtal hma activitythat srvs th pblic good by providig ood, orishmt,

ad a coomic drivr or rral aras. Do sstaiably,

it ca also or viromtal bts sch as protctigop spac, sqstrig carbo, ad cratig wildli habi-

tat. Agricltr also has associatd costs i trms o ipts,

o o which watr s is th ocs o this papr. Agri-

cltr rprsts th largst hma s o watr i Calior-

ia, makig it a atral ocs i tims o watr scarcity.

T prssrs comig to bar o watr s i agricl-

tr ar itsiyig. T cost o both watr ad th rgy

dd to dlivr it ar risig, whil watr qatity ad qal-

ity ar dcrasig. No log-trm soltios to chroic aqir

ovrdrat ar orthcomig. Urba dvlopmt cotis to

dmad mor agricltral watr trasrs ad th lgal sys-

tm is icrasigly allocatig scarc watr rsorcs to th

viromt rom agricltral ss. Both somtims lad to

idlig or rtirig armlad.

It is i th log-trm itrsts o agricltr to b proac-

tiv i advocatig or policis ad procts that bt arm-

rs ad mt th ds o both th rba ad viromtal

sctors. A risk maagmt approach is dd or idi-

vidal armrs, ad th sctor as a whol will b bttr o i

it dmostrats ladrship i proposig iovativ soltios

bor big orcd, throgh rglatios or th corts, to

mak chags.

Rctly, a grop o orgaizatios ocsd o th itr-

sctio o agricltr ad th viromt has b mt-

ig to xplor pro-armig soltios to Caliorias watr

challgs. W hav also solicitd ipt rom mor tha

thirty xprts i watr policis ad programs rprst-

ig stat govrmt agcis, agricltr orgaizatios,

watr advocacy grops, prodcrs, ad tchical xprts.

T divrs prspctivs that iormd this docmt ar

grodd i practical armig xpric ad a thorogh

drstadig o agricltral watr isss.

Spcically, w hav b xamiig ways i which

agricltr ca, whil rmaiig protabl, b a bttr stw-

ard o availabl watr rsorcs throgh improvd watr

maagmt, hacd o-arm watr rttio, rdcd

o-arm dmad, ad/or improvd cicy. W hav id-

tid both th d ad th opportity to dvlop watr

stwardship stratgis that bt ad protct armig whil

also sstaiig th halth o th cosystms po which w

all dpd. It appars icrasigly obvios that thr ca b

o coomically, agroomically, ad cologically sstaiabl

agricltr systm withot a sstaiabl watr stwardship

stratgy.

Tis docmt is itdd as a startig poit or discs-sios amog armrs, spportig orgaizatios, rba watr

advocacy grops, viromtal orgaizatios ocsd o

watr isss, ad othr stakholdrs i Caliorias watr. It

otlis th cas or agricltral watr stwardship i th

crrt political, viromtal, ad coomic cotxt. It

proposs a st o pricipls to gid ogoig agricltral

watr stwardship orts. Fially, this docmt ors a

stratgic ramwork or o-arm practics, policis, ad th

mlti-stakholdr collaboratios cssary to implmt

maigl soltios.

Why Watr Stwardship?

Attmpts to grappl with watr isss grally all ito

o o thr catgoris: improvig watr qality, icrasig

spply ad improvig storag ad dlivry, ad rdcig

dmad. No o ths alo provids th soltio to Cali-

orias watr wos ad all hav a rol to play.

O cors, o way to icras th qatity o watr

availabl or s is to improv watr qality by rdcig or

prvtig watr polltio. For yars atr th passag o

Caliorias Cla Watr Act, agricltral practics wr

xmpt rom complyig with th rglatios rsltig rom

passag o th Act. Howvr, ths agricltral waivrs

coti to b challgd i cort, ad whil som gais

hav b mad i crtailig agricltral cotribtios to

poor watr qality, thr is room or improvmt.

O th spply sid, proposals to bild w watr storag

ad dlivry mchaisms coti to b dbatd ad advo-

catd i th lgislatr ad i som sctors o agricltr.

T liig o dlivry caals is big codctd whr ap-

propriat to dcras watr loss drig trasport ovr log

distacs to both agricltral ad rba cstomrs. O

crrt partrship i this ort is th Mtropolita Watr

Districts agrmt to pay or caal liig i th Imprial

Irrigatio District i xchag or a portio o th rights to

th savd watr. Optios or bildig larg dams ar limitd,

vry costly, ad ca rqir icrasigly xpsiv rgy

to pmp ad dlivr watr. Togh it is otsid th scop

o this papr, w ar itrstd i xplorig watr storag

soltios (icldig grodwatr storag) that ar smallr,


3/16

3WAER SEWARDSHIP

Watr cosrvatio has bcom a viabl

log-trm spply optio bcas it savs

cosidrabl capital ad opratig costs or

tilitis ad cosmrs, avoids viromtal

dgradatio, ad crats mltipl bts.

Caliornia Water Plan Update 2005

rgioally oritd, ad cologically sod.

Tr is clarly a d or a divrs st o coordiatd

soltios to Caliorias watr challgs, icldig dalig

with agig irastrctr, assssig th d or w storag

ad dlivry systms, ad improvig watr qality. Tis pa-

pr ocss o watr stwardship th rsposibl ma-

agmt ad s o watr rsorcs or svral rasos:

A stwardship approach is i kpig with th pricipls

o agricltral sstaiability wh it coms to limitd

atral rsorcs availability ad spportig virom-

tal goals whvr possibl.

Watr cosrvatio is th most coomical ad cit

way to maag comptig ds across sctors i th ac

o dimiishig spply.

I th ac o iscr watr rsorcs, rdcig rliac

o this icrasigly scarc rsorc mst b a compot

o a log-trm agricltral stratgy.

Sic most o th rct ocs o watr cosrvatio i

agricltr has b o irrigatio tchology, thr is

cosidrabl room or w idas ad approachs.

Watr stwardship holds th pottial or mros

othr bts, sch as lowr rgy costs ad rdcd

agricltral ro.

A dcras i watr availability whthr d to

droght, addicatio, or cost has alrady b a grat

motivator or armrs to tak a stwardship approach. Asotd by Uivrsity o Calioria rsarchrs, [as] watr

bcoms mor scarc, armrs act to miimiz thir losss

by adoptig watr-cosrvig tchologis, shitig rom

mor watr-itsiv crops to lss watr-itsiv crops,

or icrasig thir rliac o grodwatr.1 Svr watr

shortags i Astralia ad xas, or xampl, hav rsltd

i th adoptio o iovativ watr cosrvatio soltios.

Whil w cold wait ad lt th orcs dtrmiig watr

availability play ot, agricltr wold b wll-srvd by

proactivly discssig ad advacig policis, practics, ad

programs that corag bttr agricltral watr stward-

ship, thrby prsrvig th log-trm viability o agricl-

tr.

Evisioig ad implmtig sccssl ad sstai-

abl watr stwardship stratgis will cssitat ovl

collaboratios ad wi-wi soltios. Tr is grat pot-

tial i stratgis that addrss mor tha o problm at th

sam tim. For xampl, agricltral prodctio mthods

that cosrv watr ad maximiz prodctivity, bild soil

halth, ad provid wildli habitat shold b coragd.

It is possibl that o-arm practics that accomplish ths

goals may soo qaliy or carbo sqstratio oststo rdc grhos gas missios, thrby providig a

rv stram to ictiviz th shit towards gratr watr

ad lad stwardship. Aothr xampl o soltios ml-

tiplirs is th Nitrat Maagmt Program o Motry

Coty Watr Rsorcs Agcy, which dcats growrs

o irrigatio maagmt as a mas to rdc itrats i

grodwatr, icras rtilizr cicy, rdc rosio,

ad icras watr cosrvatio. I short, idas that both

protct th itrsts o agricltr, ad ar rsposibl b-

yod ths itrsts, ar calld or.

It is or ittio is to s th idas prstd i thispapr to op a dialog ad provok discssio that will

mov agricltr towards spcic proposals that rslt

i sstaiabl, watr-cosrvig o-arm practics ad

policis, ad bttr commicatio ad collaboratio

btw stakholdrs. Tis papr is itdd as a workig

docmt to gid stratgy dvlopmt ad actio to

achiv ths goals.

StoCKxpert.C

om


4/16

4 WAER SEWARDSHIP

Caliorias pricipal watr covyac systms wr

bilt dcads ago, ad Caliorias poplatio ad agri-

cltral prodctio hav icrasd sic th, with w

improvmts to that systm. T spply o watr has otkpt p with th dmad, cratig srios costraits or

agricltr.

Rsorc limitatios ar likly to itsiy i th or-

sabl tr, with dirt orcs at play i dirt

rgios, d to trds sch as icrasd saliity, chagig

pattrs o prcipitatio, rdcd sow pack, risig sa

lvls likd to climat chag, ad grodwatr ovrdrat.

Icrass i th cost o rgy will also play a rol i th cost

o watr sic trasportig watr is o o th stats largst

ss o rgy. Political ad lgal costraits ar also likly

to tight, icldig prssr to rstor watr to th vi-

romt ad divrt agricltral watr to rba aras, vary-

ig stimatios o watr availability, madatd rdctios

i watr allocatios, cotstd watr rights, ad prssr

to rdc or limiat th Agricltral Waivr o th Cla

Watr Act.

Vry rct vts srv as warigs ad xampls

drscorig th timliss o a call or a visioary watr

stwardship pla:

I mid-Fbrary 2008, rsarchrs at UC Sa Digo a-

ocd that thr is a 50 prct chac that Lak Mad

will b dry by 2021 i th climat chags as xpctd ad

tr watr sag is ot crtaild.2

Also i Fbrary 2008, sothr Calioria avocado arm-

rs bga stmpig halthy trs i a dsprat attmpt

to tak thm ot o prodctio i ordr to spply s-

cit watr or th rst o thir orchards. T 2008 watr

shortag i th Mtropolita Watr District o Orag

Coty marks th rst tim that armrs, who i 1995

agrd to b th rst to tak watr cts i tims o short-

ag i xchag or discotd rats, hav had to taksch drastic cts i spply, i this cas makig do with 30

prct lss watr.

I mid-April 2008, dral ocials closd th salmo sh-

ig saso alog th Wst Coast rom sothr Calioria

to orthr Orgo, citig a prcdtd collaps

i adlt chiook rtrig to thir spawig grods i

th Sacramto Rivr watrshd.

I J 2008, th U.S. Bra o Rclamatio aocd

it wold hav to ct watr spplid to Ctral Vally

arms to 40 prct o th amot growrs cotractd orwith th dral govrmt.

O J 5th, 2008, Govror Schwarzggr issd th

rst droght dclaratio sic 1991. H also dirctd th

Calioria Dpartmt o Watr Rsorcs to hlp spd

watr trasrs to aras with th worst shortags, to hlp

local watr districts with cosrvatio orts ad to assist

armrs srig losss rom th droght.

T iscrity o agricltral watr spplis is clarly

a sigicat iss. I additio to watr shortags, cas law

ad lgislatio will likly coti to rthr sqz watr

availability or agricltr i th tr. T rmaidr o

this sctio otlis th lgal cotxt, xamis som rct

proposd targts or agricltral watr s rdctios, sm-

marizs maor achivmts i watr s cicy, ad

ds by dscribig opportitis availabl or rthr gais

rom applyig a watr stwardship approach.

jT Opportity ad Nd or Agricltral Watr Stwardship

Regional water storage model: Georgiasconstructed wetlands

Cyton County n Geog s deveoped sees

o constucted etnds tt ugents tdton

stete tetent, ecs te te o use

n te county, eps nge stote, povdes

btt o de, nd ncopotes ste esto-

ton nd pubc educton.3

SuzaNNeBrowN/ClaytoNCouNtywaterauthority


5/16

5WAER SEWARDSHIP

Lgal ad Lgislativ Cotxt

Watr is typically th topic o dozs o stat bills ach

yar, ad thr is cosidrabl cas law o rcord rgard-

ig all aspcts o watr s i Calioria. T Dpartmt

o Watr Rsorcs (DWR) Watr Pla Updat 2005 sm-

marizs mor tha 50 bills ovr a v-yar priod thatprodcd rglatios to improv watr maagmt, food

cotrol, ad watr spply plaig at th local lvl ad also

addrssd rcyclig, dsaliatio, ad grodwatr pot-

tial or icrasig spplis.4 A sapshot o th 2007-2008

lgislativ sssios shows dozs o watr bills , th maor-

ity dalig with watr qality, food cotrol, rba watr

cosrvatio, or storag ad dlivry systms. T Stat o

Calioria has committd to sigicatly rdcig its global

warmig missios i AB 32, th Calioria Global Warmig

Soltios Act o 2006. As yt, th implicatios o AB 32 or

agricltral watr srs ar clar, bt will likly cotribtto icrasig prssr o watr rsorcs.

Whil thr ar may lgal ad lgislativ idicators o

th costraits acig agricltr, th ollowig or lad-

mark xampls illstrat th kid o dcisios that stad to

act agricltr i th log-trm.

Central Valley Project Improvement Act (1992) Tis

ladmark lgislatio markd a damtal shit i th

balac btw th comptig watr ds o agricltr

vrss cosystms, dictatig that sigicat Ctral Vally

watr mst b rallocatd rom armig to th viro-

mt. T CVPIA idtid sh ad wildli protctioad rstoratio as primary prposs o th Ctral Vally

Proct (CVP), which also irrigats 3 millio acrs o Calior-

ia armlad. It ordrd a rallocatio o 800,000 acr-t

o CVP watr (600,000 i dry yars) rom armrs to th

viromt. T CVPIA also limitd agricltral watr

cotract rwals to 25 yars, ad st p a viromtal

rstoratio d o $30 to $60 millio, dd primarily by

CVP cstomrs.

Mono Lake Decision (1994) Tis historic dcisio

od that Los Agls log-hld watr rights had to b

balacd with viromtal protctio, ad rqird ardctio i th citys watr divrsios. Tis cas has broad

implicatios or both agricltr ad rba watr srs,

brigig ito play th comptig ds o th viromt.

Accordig to a lgal bri or th cas, it brigs togthr or

th rst tim two systms o lgal thoght: th appropriativ

watr rights systm which sic th days o th gold rsh

has domiatd Calioria watr law, ad th pblic trst

doctri.5

Friant Dam Decision(2004) Tis cort cas ad

Public rust Doctrine

Sic 1928, th Calioria Costittio has

rqird that watr b pt to th highst

bcial s, ad has prohibitd wast or

rasoabl ss[I th Moo Lak dcisio]

th doctri rcogizs that govrmt has

a lgal rsposibility to protct rsorcs with

viromtal ad asthtic vals; sch

rsorcs ar hld i trst or th pblic

David Carle6

rst tim i 55 yars. Sic th dam was bilt, arly 95

prct o th Sa Joaqi Rivrs fow had b divrtd

or irrigatio, with sigicat impacts to sh ad wildli, aswll as watr qality, or th arly two-thirds o Caliorias

citizs who dpd o th rivr. wo yars atr th lgal

dcisio, a sttlmt agrmt was rachd to rstor

watr fows ad salmo to th Sa Joaqi Rivr blow Fri-

at Dam whil drtakig o o th Wsts largst rivr

rstoratio orts.7 Most rctly, th Sa Joaqi Rivr

Rstoratio Sttlmt Act (still dr cosidratio by

dral lgislators) wold act th agrmt as law ad

also athoriz dral mois to match ds rom watr

sr paymts to covr th costs o rivr rstoratio, salmo

ritrodctio, ad watr maagmt.North Coast Instream Flow Policy As madatd i

2004 by AB 2121, this policy is targtd or adoptio by th

Stat Watr Rsorcs Cotrol Board (SWRCB) by th d

o 2008. It has pottial widsprad impacts, primarily or

agricltral ad rral watr srs o th North Coast (ad

across Calioria i it srvs as a prcdt) bcas it will

sbct w watr prmit applicatios ad chags to xist-

ig prmits to icrasd scrtiy ad rglatio. As x-

crptd rom th SWRCB wbsit, th drat policy cotais

sbsqt lgislatio stablishd viromtal prioritis

or watr i a spcic rivr systm ad dcrasd th watr

availabl or agricltr. T dcisio i a lawsit broght

by th Natral Rsorcs Ds Cocil (NRDC) rqird

th rlas o watr rom Friat Dam ar Frso or th


6/16

6 WAER SEWARDSHIP

gidlis or valatig whthr a proposd watr divr-

sio, i combiatio with xistig divrsios i a watrshd,

may act istram fows dd or th protctio o

shry rsorcs. T drat policy stablishs pricipls ad

gidlis or maitaiig istram fows or th protctio

o shry rsorcs [It] provids or a watrshd-basd

approach to valat th cts o mltipl divrsios o i-stram fows withi a watrshd as a altrativ to valat-

ig watr divrsio procts o a idividal basis.8

Dvlopmts sch as ths i th lgal ad lgisla-

tiv ara will coti to b a actor or agricltr. Ty

ar blt istrmts or rspodig to th problm, ad

ca airly impact armrs who hav tak masrs to

cosrv watr. Covrsly, a widly dorsd watr stw-

ardship policy platorm dvlopd by agricltr has th

pottial to ifc th dirctio o stat policis i a way

that rwards ad spports stwardship practics ad ss-

tais armrs ad armig i Calioria.

Watr Cosrvatio Stratgis & argts

Watr cosrvatio targts ca srv as a rallyig cry

ad a bchmark or valatig sccss. I a ra o co-

strictd watr availability ad icrasig dmad, w bliv

that a ambitios targt or agricltr (as wll as rba ad

idstrial sctors) is both cssary ad possibl, ad i thlog-trm sl-itrsts o armrs.

Proctios or watr s rdctios orcast i th

DWR Watr Pla Updat 200510 wr cosrvativ v o

th high d o thir rag. Ty proctd a 5 to 10 pr-

ct (1.9 to 3.5 millio acr t) dcras i agricltral

watr s by 2030 withot th d or adoptio o ay w

practics, programs, or policis, pls a additioal 0.6 to 2.6

prct (0.2 to 0.9 ma), achivabl throgh a modst st o

watr cicy improvmts. T Plas rcommdatios

or acilitatig a wid rag o stwardship practics call

o th stat to collaborat with local Rsorc Cosrva-tio Districts, crat a dirctory to aid i stat ad dral

coordiatio, dirct dral ds to o-arm orts, ad

codct bttr assssmts o th cacy ad bts o

stwardship practics. T Plas watr s cicy rcom-

mdatios icld calls or mor dig ad tchical

assistac or varios programs ad tchiqs, as wll as

th collctio o watr s data or varios crops, corag-

ig rat strctrs that bill by volm o watr dlivrd,

ostrig bttr partrships, ad codctig otrach ad

dcatio.

A mor ambitios high cicy scario has bprstd by th Pacic Istitt i thir 2005 rport, Cali-

oria Watr: 2030: A Ecit Ftr.11 It lays ot a gra

scario or savigs o p to 23 prct, or 8 ma, by 2030,

achivabl primarily throgh mor widsprad adoptio o

xistig irrigatio tchologis ad othr o-arm practics

coragd i part throgh chags i agricltral watr

prics. As otd i thir rport, th dirc btw thir

scario ad thos o th DWR ar th rslt o makig

dirt assmptios abot a rag o watr-s cicy

optios, policis, tchologis, ad dcisios.12

W bliv that v th Pacic Istitts high -cicy scario is cosrvativ i that it ocss o broad

adoptio o alrady-xistig tchologis. O prpos o

or call or dvlopig watr stwardship stratgis is to

provid savigs i additio to thos acqird throgh xist-

ig practics ad tchology.

I th political ralm, o Fbrary 28th, 2008, Govror

Schwarzggr calld or a 20 prct rdctio i watr

s pr capita by 2020, ctivly issig a political madat

or th qivalt o a Global Warmig Soltios Act (AB

Calioria armlad lost to rba adidstrial sprad ach yar = 1.5 percent(122,000 acres)

otal lad ara crrtly irrigatd iCalioria = 7.6 million acres

Amot o watr dd to prodc 1pod o grai i Calioria = 250 gallons

Caliorias wtlads that hav bdraid ad/or altrd to provid morroom or hma activitis = 91 percent

David Pimental & Kelsey Hart9


7/16

7WAER SEWARDSHIP

32) or watr cosrvatio. Whil this proclamatio is wid

op to itrprtatio, it crats a opportity to rprst

th itrsts o armrs, ifc th may rsposs likly

to s, ad mov towards a sstaiabl agricltral tr.

W bliv that agricltr has th rsorcs, capacity, x-

prtis, ad sl-itrst to ris to th challg o ambitios

watr s rdctio goals ad stratgis, withot drmi-ig protability.

Achivmts i Agricltral WatrUs Rdctio

Sigicat gais i watr s cicy ad cosrva-

tio hav b achivd i rct dcads i both Calioria

agricltr ad i rba s. I 32 importat Calioria

crops btw 1980 ad 2000, a 38 prct largr volm

o crop was prodcd with vry acr-oot o watr.13 Sch

improvmts corag acillary coomic ad viro-

mtal bts sch as mor prcis harvst dats or pak

pricig, improvd yilds, bttr tilizatio o agroomic

ipts, ad improvd watr qality throgh rdcd ro.

o b clar, irrigatio cicy improvmts allow or

largr crop yilds pr it o watr (mor crop pr drop)

ad gratr coomic rtr, bt do ot cssarily rdc

th volm o watr sd by agricltr. T cicy r-

slts rom bttr cotrol o watr losss, whil maitaiig

or v icrasig actal watr cosmptio by crops. As

watr ad its associatd rgy costs icras, armrs will

d to cosidr whthr icrasd yilds ar coomically

asibl, ad th mphasis o maximizig yilds will d to

b balacd with othr cosidratios.

T gratst improvmts i irrigatio cicy to

dat ca b gropd ito two gral catgoris: irrigatio

irastrctr ad irrigatio schdlig or maagmt.

Watr spplirs play a maor rol i both catgoris by

rdcig losss i dlivry systms ad allowig mor fx-

ibility i watr accss to growrs.

Prcisio ad iormity o i-ld watr distribtio

compris som o th most sigicat o-arm watr -

cicy gais to dat. Watr districts across th stat rportogoig trasitio by growrs rom rrow irrigatio to

spriklr ad ltimatly drip irrigatio systms, with associ-

atd improvmts i watr s cicy. Strawbrris,

may viyards,14 ad most orchards ar xampls o crops

that ar ow almost xclsivly irrigatd by drip or micro-

spriklr mthods. Flow ad prssr rglatio qipmt,

tailwatr rcovry, ad improvd covyac systms also

ld to th gais i watr cosrvatio. Amog th barrirs

to mor widsprad adoptio ar th capital costs o w i-

rastrctr, logistical coficts with ld opratios, dca-

tio ad traiig or skilld workrs, ad pottial icrasd

rgy dmads o drip ad spriklr systms.

A cit irrigatio systm rqirs ot oly good

dsig ad irastrctr, bt also good maagmt. Prs-

srizd irrigatio systms rqir rigoros maitac

practics to oprat at maximal cicy. Dcisios owh, how mch, ad or how log to irrigat compris th

art ad scic o irrigatio schdlig i rspos to soil

qalitis, climat, ad crop dmad. chiqs rag rom

th dirct obsrvatio o soil moistr to atomatd soil ad

climat ssors ad comptrizd schdlig tools. Both th

low-tch ad high-tch approachs ca b similarly ctiv

dpdig o a growrs prrc ad mas o impl-

mtatio.

A particlarly valabl rsorc is th Calioria Irriga-

tio Maagmt Iormatio Systm (CIMIS), a statwid

twork o arly 125 wathr statios, accssd by ovr

Dlayig actio o watr-cosrvatio ad

cicy icrass th prssr to d, bild, or

by w xpsiv ad viromtally damagig

sorcs o watr spply Sch sorcs o spply ar

icrasigly scarc or cotrovrsial. Whil w do ot

bliv a highly cit tr is cssarily asy to

achiv, w thik it will b asir, astr, ad chapr

tha ay othr optio acig s.

Pacic Institute15

6,000 agricltral srs. CIMIS data ca b sd dirctly,

or ipt ito atomatd irrigatio schdlig tools sch asth o-li Watright program rom th Ctr or Irriga-

tio chology at Calioria Stat Uivrsity Frso (which

had ovr 30,000 discrt visitors to its wbsit i 2007). O

idpdt stdy od that growrs sig CIMIS rdcd

watr s by a avrag o 13 prct ad icrasd yilds

by 8 prct.16


8/16

8 WAER SEWARDSHIP

jGidig Pricipls or a Watr Stwardship Stratgy

As illstratd i th prvios sctio, importat gais

hav b mad i watr s cicy. Tr is a opport-

ity or additioal watr savigs i ach o th aras smma-

rizd abov, ad w spport ad corag this work.I additio, w ac a d or w stratgis that ag-

mt ad complmt xistig stratgis sch as improvd

irrigatio tchology or w irastrctr. For small ad

mid-siz armrs i particlar, th somtims costly ivst-

mts associatd with tchology-basd soltios may ot

b asibl or practical. Additioal stratgis that ar sol-

tios mltiplirs with coomic, social, ad viromtal

bts ar calld or. I short, thr is a d or mor

advacd rsarch, dcatio, policis, ad collaboratios

that ocs o sstaiabl or cological armig tchiqs

that cosrv watr.Accordig to th Uivrsity o Calioria Sstaiabl

Agricltr Rsarch ad Edcatio Program (UC SAREP),

sstaiabl agricltr is charactrizd by th ollowig:

Sustainable agriculture integrates three main goals

environmental health, economic protability, and social and

economic equity. Sustainability rests on the principle that we

must meet the needs o the present without compromising the

ability o uture generations to meet their own needs.

A systems perspective is essential to understanding

sustainability. Te system is envisioned in its broadest sense,

rom the individual arm, to the local ecosystem, and to

communities afected by this arming system both locally and

globally.17

Arisig rom or commitmt to assrig a coomi-

cally, viromtally, ad socially sstaiabl agricltr

systm, w hav applid ths gral cocpts to th chal-

lg o watr stwardship. W propos that th ollowig

st o pricipls gid ogoig dvlopmt o a actio

pla or o-arm practics, collaboratios, ad policy.

1.Founded in an ecological, not strictly a technological,

ramework

Dos th iitiativ provid mltipl bts, ad ca it b

implmtd withot d rliac o xpsiv tchol-

ogy or irastrctr?

I a whol systms approach, soltios ar dsigd to

solv mor tha o problm. I th cas o watr stward-

ship, maximizig soil orgaic mattr, or xampl, improvs

watr rttio, thrby cosrvig watr. It also spports

th growth o halthir, mor pst- ad disas-rsistat

crops. Ovr tim, this also has th pottial to rdc rli-

ac o ipts sch as rgy ad rtilizr, orig cost

savigs ad viromtal bts.

2.Financially easible or armers

Dos th proposd iitiativ cosidr th coomic viabil-

ity o all scals o arms ad/or provid acial ictiv

or xistig ad w armrs to adopt watr stwardship

practics?

Farmrs ar dr cosidrabl coomic prssr

rom all dirctios, ad caot b xpctd to adopt watr

cosrvig practics st bcas it is th right thig to do.

Tr mst b coomic ictivs, sbsidis, ad othr

spports to acilitat th trasitio to improvd watr stw-ardship practics.

3.Preserves armland and a sustainable economic base

or rural areas

Dos th iitiativ protct armlad rom bcomig idl

or dvlopd? Dos it protct agaist a rdctio i rral

mploymt opportitis? Dos it improv agricltral

prodctivity?

oo ot, policis pt i plac or th bt o th -

viromt or rba dvlopmt hav had th itdd

cosqc o makig armig so protabl that arm-

rs idl lad or mov it ot o prodctio altogthr. Tis

has b a particlar risk o watr marktig rls that hav

mad watr sals mor protabl tha armig or som

armrs.

4.Results in measurable water savings

Is th iitiativ xpctd to hac ad improv watr

qality ad/or qatity?

Whil w drstad that th qaticatio o im-

provmts i watr sag is challgig ad sbct to

variability ovr tim ad plac, w bliv that it is impor-

tat to attmpt to stimat th impact that a giv soltio

or iitiativ is xpctd to mak o watr s pattrs i

ordr to valat th most cacios optios.

5.Regionally appropriate and exible

Ca th proposd iitiativ b adaptd ad modid or


9/16

9WAER SEWARDSHIP

applicatio to varios divrs rgios ad circmstacs

across Calioria?

Caliorias agricltral cotxt is xtraordiarily divrs

i trms o gography, crop pattrs, watr availabilityad cost, ad othr actors. For istac, watr availability,

maagmt practics, ad ds ar cosidrably dirt

alog Caliorias orth coast tha i th sothr Ctral

Vally. Watr stwardship soltios mst cssarily b

adaptabl to varios coditios, ad mst avoid a o-siz-

ts-all approach. W bliv that th watrshd scal is th

most appropriat orgaizatioal it to s i orgaizig,

collaboratig, ad plaig most watr stwardship iitia-

tivs.

6.Benefts to agriculture, the environment, and urban

constituents outweigh the costs

Dos th proposd iitiativ addrss th ds ad co-

straits o mltipl sctors sch that th aggrgat bts

xcd th costs?

No o ths sctors ca b cosidrd i isolatio

wh it coms to watr ds; thy ar all itrrlatd ad

itrdpdt. As watr ds icras ad watr spply

dimiishs, w mst assr that comptitio btw th

sctors is rdcd i avor o iitiativs that ar cooprativ

ad mtally bcial.

7.Protects water quality or rural communities

Dos th iitiativ protct agricltral workr halth ad

saty ad sr accss to sa ad adqat spplis o

drikig watr or arms ad arm workr commitis?

Dos it sr that margializd ad low-icom commi-

tis ar ot disproportioatly impactd?

For arm workrs ad othr rral rsidts, agricltral

polltats, sch as itrats, rqtly xcd sa limits i

drikig watr, with pottially sigicat halth ad co-

omic impacts. Ctral Vally arm workrs rport spdig

p to 10 prct o thir hoshold icom o bottld watr

wh itrat lvls xcd lgal limits.18 Watr stwardship

iitiativs shold amliorat xistig sa coditios or

arm workrs ad gard agaist cratig w problms.

8.Wise reallocation o conserved water

Is th watr savd by agricltr wisly rallocatd to

bt th highst ds o th viromt, armrs, ad

rba costitts?

It is importat that watr s rdctios i agricltr

ar ot rallocatd to abl ithr sstaiabl rbasprawl or sstaiabl agricltral prodctio.

9.Strategic and achievable

Is th proposd iitiativ likly to garr sigicat spport

ad gagmt amog armrs ad othr stakholdrs,

ispirig thm to implmt it?

Agricltral watr maagmt stratgis ad iitiativs

mst strik a balac btw ralism ad ambitiosss.

Giv th limitatios o tim, ocs, ad acs, thy mst

also b prioritizd i trms o which iitiativs ar mostlikly to sccd ad hav th gratst impact. W wold

also lik to s a complmtary applicatio o stratgis

that ar achivabl i th short, mid, ad log trm.

For yars, dig ogh watr or popl mat

dig mor watr to s. oday, ad ito th

tr, w d to d ways to s watr i a

mor sstaiabl mar throgh a paradigm

shit that strsss icrasd watr s cicy

across all sctors. Agricltr, as th sigl gratst

watr cosmr i th world ad cotrollig th

gratst volms i th Uitd Stats, has a iq,

madatd rsposibility to maag i a sstaiabl

mar atioal ad global watr rsorcs.

...O th 147 cotris rakd or watr cicy

by th World Watr Cocil, th Uitd Stats

rakd last.

Cooperative State Research, Education, and

Extension Service19


10/16

10 WAER SEWARDSHIP

joward a Watr Stwardship Framwork or Calioria Agricltr

I this sctio, w propos a mlti-actd ram-

work to gid th dvlopmt o a bold yt ralistic watr

stwardship stratgy. T ramwork is orgaizd ito thr

itrrlatd ad itrdpdt catgoris:

A. O-arm sstaiabl practics

B. Collaboratio ad commicatio

C. Policy

For ach o ths catgoris, w sggst a otli or

rsarch, valatio, ad assssmt, as wll as som idas

or advacig spcic procts ad iitiativs. All o th

idas hr ar grodd i th crrt cotxt o costraits

ad opportitis ad iormd by th gidig pricipls

idtid abov.

Maigl atttio shold b giv to ach catgory.

Whil idividal iovatio o arms is valabl as a modl,

it mst b commicatd or gratr impact ad somtims

coragd by ictivs ad tchical spport to rpli-

cat it. Covrsly, policy that is ot grodd i o-arm

ralitis ad costraits rs th risk o big miimally

ctiv or prodcig gativ itdd cosqcs.

Fially, collaboratio ad commicatio is th cssary

drpiig o sccssl orts i both policy ad o-

arm practics.

Giv th divrsity that charactrizs Calioria agricl-

tr, th ramwork prstd hr rqirs a fxibl ad

rgioally appropriat approach. W bliv that th most

appropriat scal or dvlopig ad implmtig a watr

stwardship pla o actio is withi watrshd bodaris,

ithr thos o Caliorias i watr districts or prhaps

smallr sbsts withi thos districts. Whil this docmt

has ocsd o th dmad rdctio sid o th qatio,

a comprhsiv watrshd-basd watr stwardship pla

wold cssarily also addrss isss o watr qality ad

watr storag ad dlivry. T sam gidig pricipls laid

ot abov cold b applid to watr qality ad spply to

dvlop a sstaiabl watr stwardship approach.

Ts idas ar prstd i a attmpt to ostr

dialog ad partrships towards a vtal stratgic

actio pla or advacig watr stwardship i Calioria

agricltr. W do ot itd to imply that what ollows

is a comprhsiv otli o what is possibl ad dd,

ad w look orward to a voltio ad matratio o this

ramwork as th covrsatio is broadd ad dpd

with varios stakholdrs.

A. O-Farm Sstaiabl Practics

May armig tchiqs allig dr th broad cat-

gory o sstaiabl agricltr hav th pottial to rdc

watr s whil achivig othr bts. W kow that co-

omic drivrs ar th motivators or most bhavior chag,

so cost-bt aalyss mst b applid to all proposd

practics to tst or th liklihood o widsprad adoptio

ad impact. W mst prioritiz soltios that mov armrs

away rom a ractiv, short-trm cost miimizatio ap-

proach to a proactiv modl that corags ivstmts i

log-trm sstaiability.

W propos that as a rst stp or advacig sstaiabl

o-arm watr stwardship practics, a stratgic rsarch

agda (ad a proposal or dig it) b cratd that

aswrs a sris o qstios. Car mst b tak to com

p with aswrs appropriat to arms o dirt scals, i-

com lvls, cltral cotxts, ad divrs rgioal cotxts.

Som o th rst qstios shold icld:

Which crrtly availabl sstaiabl or cological arm-

ig tchiqs t th gidig pricipls or watr stw-

ardship, ad shold thror b cosidrd i a toolkit

o o-arm practics? Is it possibl to qatiy th watr

cicis o ach practic, as wll as othr bts sch

as improvd yilds?

What lssos ca w lar rom othr rgios or co-

tris that ar rthr dow th road o watr stwardship

(.g., Astralia, Isral, xas, Arizoa)?

What ar th acial ad tchical barrirs to adop-

tio o watr-cosrvig tchiqs (icldig, bt ot

limitd to, irrigatio tchologis)?

Which Calioria crops cold most bt rom im-

provd watr s cicy? Which crops ar bst sitd

to th availabl watr spply i varios rgios o thstat? How ca w achiv th gratst cost-bt bal-

ac by growig high val crops whil miimizig watr

s?

Basd o th rsarch crrtly availabl ad ay that

ariss ot o th proposd rsarch agda, sl prod-

cts cold icld bst maagmt practics docmts,

rgioal or crop-spcic gidbooks or dvlopig a arm

watr pla, or wb-basd rsorcs.

W corag rsarch o, commicatio ad promo-


11/16

11WAER SEWARDSHIP

Case Study: Minimum Till Technique

American Farms, Salinas, California

ise moes s ny specty cops on ove 2000 ces us-

ng 80-nc se-penent sed beds, educed tge, nd sod

set spnkes. Te de beds od ostue onge ong to

gte ess equenty. Te go o educed tge s to nze so

copcton nd keep te ognc tte nd nutents ne te su

ce to suppot te pnts nd cobes tt cobt pnt dsese.

hs s ve ost no uno becuse te so eectvey bsobs

te te, nd e conseves ue nd bo by usng ee tng psses

s e s educng geenouse gs essons. Te dvntges o set

spnkes s te bty to pecsey scedue te ppctons bsed

on so ostue needs te tn scedung nd bo dends,

nzed so copcton nd educed ekges cused by ovng

gton equpent, nd te ddton beneft o oe bo costs.2

tio o, ad ictiv-gratio or, th watr-cosrvig

pottial o a bld o divrs stratgis that icld, bt ar

ot limitd to, th ollowig:

Manage soil for maximum moisture retention. Soil or-

gaic mattr, cosrvatio tillag, ad soil srac protctio

all icras th ctio o th soil as a o-arm rsrvoir

o watr to hlp rdc ro, icras fxibility i irriga-tio schdlig, ad improv droght rsistac. o what

xtt ca watr dmad b mt by sch soil cosrvatio

practics?

Capture and retain available water on the farm. D-

pdig o sit charactristics, srac watr ca b r-

taid by pods, kyli systms,20 swals, ad strctrs, or

iltratd withi wtlads, basis, ad riparia zos. How

do sch o-arm ad rgioal procts, wh applid widly

across th ladscap, compar agaist larg, ctralizd

irastrctr procts?

Utilize sources of water other than surface and ground-water.Ts cold icld procssig ad tratig localagricltral ro, ad rsig watr o-arm (thogh

ood saty isss may hav to b addrssd i som cass).

Frthrmor, brackish grodwatr holds th promis o

wllhad tratmt ad o-arm s.

Favor crops that complement available water supply.Crop rotatio ad divrsicatio stratgis sch as thos -

coragd i prmacltr22 attmpt to match crop slctio

with sasoal ad ladscap variatios i watr availability.

o what dgr ca a scalig p o sch stratgis rdc th

watr dmad o Calioria agricltr?

Consider innovative irrigation regimes that reduce

actual consumptive use in appropriate settings.Rglatddcit irrigatio, partial root zo dryig,

23

o-till, ad dryarmig ar crrtly practicd with sccss i spcic

crops ad dr spcic coditios. o what xtt ca

ths practics b mor widly adoptd withi Caliorias

viyards, orchards, ad othr crops?

Closely monitor soils and climate to inform irrigation

decisions.Irrigatio schdlig ca b rd with dbackrom svral lvls, icldig dirct obsrvatio i th ld,

atomatd soil moistr ssors, ad climat-basd modl-

ig tools. Ca gratr ivolvmt o arm maagmt

across th board hlp to r irrigatio maagmt i

sigicat ways?Adopt precision water delivery technologies to the

extent practical.Existig tchologis allow or vry spciccotrol o watr prssr, fow, timig, ad locatio. Which

o ths tchologis ar at th sam tim most accssibl

ad last xtsivly adoptd amog growrs, ad why?

Encourage water measurement and water use account-

ing. Qaticatio o irrigatio as ichs o applid watr

Case Study: Integrated Watershed Management Program

Murray Darling River Basin, Australia

as n Con, pts o aust ve stugged o decdes t

te sccty, ove-octon o te, dougt, ncesng snty,

nd ped qutc nd pn speces nd btt. aust s

dopted n ntegted ctcent (tesed) ngeent p-

poc tt s stong epss on decentzton nd ptc-

ptoy decson-kng. Te muy Dng rve Bsn, coveng

ove one on sque koetes, s ptcuy successu

ngeent ode tt ddesses te suppy octon, te

consevton, estng nd evesng te quty degdton, nd

ecoogc estoton nd potecton. Toug tee e soe sg-

nfcnt deences beteen gcutue n aust (t ts ge

cege o ess dvese nds) nd Con, tee y be soe

potnt essons to be ened.21

JohNo'Neill


12/16

12 WAER SEWARDSHIP

provids a mor prcis masr i compariso to mor

commo mtrics sch as th mbrs o hors a systm

oprats. How ca watr sag data bst b collctd ad

rportd to growrs i a ormat that hlps thm to mak

adstmts that ca sav costs ad maitai or improv

yilds?

Gttig watr stwardship toolkits basd o practicssch as ths ito th hads o armrs, ad providig th

cssary tchical ad acial spport or implmta-

tio, will qit likly rly o th collaboratio ad comm-

icatio o idas that volv i th ollowig sctio. Pblic

policis, dscribd i sctio (C) blow, may also b dd

to acilitat th adoptio o som o th tools .

B. Collaboratio ad Commicatio

A trly sccssl modl o agricltral watr stward-

ship will rqir a odatio o ral coopratio amog

actors. Tr ar svral aras that cold bt rom

hacd coopratio ad bttr commicatio i th

shard itrst o th goals o watr stwardship. T growth

o th local ood ad watrshd rstoratio movmts, or

xampl, brig with thm th pottial (ad challg) o i-

corporatig divrs prspctivs ad covrig w allis

or agricltr.

T watrshd is a wll-dd it o orgaizatio

appropriat or dvlopig watr stwardship plas, som-

tims kow as Itgratd Rgioal Watr Maagmt

Plas. T dvlopmt o agricltral watr bdgts at th

watrshd scal is a cssary tool or gidig ad impl-

mtig sch plas, ad collaboratio is rqird to stab-

lish ralistic ad maigl bdgts ad targts or watr

s rdctio.

W sggst sig dd watrshd bodaris to

implmt th ollowig st o tactics or improvig rgioa

collaboratio:

Explor xistig orgaizatioal ad dcisio-makig

modls or watrshd basis.

Idtiy th stakholdrs i th watrshd that ar, or

cold b, ivolvd i dvlopig a rgioal watr stw-

ardship pla.

Idtiy th cotxt, opportitis, ad barrirs acig

th watrshd rgio rlvat to agricltr ad log-

trm watr rsorc sstaiability.

Toroghly map th orgaizatios, acadmic istittios

ad rsarchrs, associatios, ad ladrs throghotth stat that cold b rsorcs or watr stwardship

soltios.

Orgaiz a sris o rodtabl listig sssios with

divrs agricltr stakholdrs i th watrshd to

xplor th idas rprstd i this papr ad rthr

dvlop th stratgic ramwork. Som o th catgoris

o stakholdrs cold icld armrs, watr district

maagrs, rsarchrs, Cooprativ Extsio agts,

allid trad grops, amily arm ad miority armr

rprstativs, citiz watrshd grops, ood systms

advocats, rba watr cosrvatio grops, tc.Idtiy dig opportitis to hac th ability o

xistig titis (as idtid i th mappig xrcis) to

provid tchical assistac ad advac th dissmia-

tio o th o-arm practics idtid i th prvios

sctio.

Establish a wb sit to provid iormatio o xistig

wb-basd rsorcs, watr stwardship tchologis,

icldig promisig rsarch, iovatios, ad ds,

ad rlvat rsorcs or th watrshd.

W s th d or hacd collaboratio ad com-micatio particlarly i th ollowig or catgoris:

Amog all sctors o agricltr

Btw armrs ad viromtal advocats

Btw armrs ad rba costitts

Between various researchers, institutions, and agencies (e.g.,

Cooperative Extension, California State Universities, Califor-

nia Department of Water Resources, and others) and farm-

ers seeking tools to achieve their water stewardship goals.

Case Study: Watershed Collaboration

Agriculture Water Quality Alliance (AWQA)awQa s n nnovtve coboton o gcutue, esouce con-

sevton gences, eseces, nd envonent ognztons

okng to potect bot te monteey By tesed ecosyste

nd gcutue. awQa s okng to pove te quty usng

gcutu ndusty-ed netoks to educe nonpont-souce po-

uton, pove tecnc ssstnce nd outec, se eness,

stene egutoy coodnton, denty undng ecnss

nd ncentves, nd pove te ntennce o pubc nds nd

u ods.

alBa


13/16

13WAER SEWARDSHIP

I additio to hacig collaboratio ad comm-

icatio rgioally, it will b importat to strgth

statwid alliacs to dvlop ad advocat or stat

policis that dvlop rom a policy platorm sch as th

o proposd i th ollowig sctio.

C. PolicyWhil a grat dal ca b, ad has b, accomplishd

o a idividal or istittioal lvl to implmt watr

s rdctio practics, pblic policy chags ar rqird

to provid ictivs, mltiply sccsss, ad istittioal-

iz programs. Viabl policy optios will idtiy mltipl

bts (.g., watr, rgy, ad viromtal bts) that

assr th log-trm sstaiability o watr rsorcs.

W propos th dvlopmt o a policy platorm that

advacs th goals o a sstaiabl agricltr approach to

watr stwardship, ad that is ramd by th gidig pri-

cipls otlid prviosly. W sggst th ollowig stps to

mov towards a policy platorm:

Assss th crrt policy cotxt ad political obstacls,

icldig isss o watr rights ad prmittig, watr

rats ad watr marktig, ad idtiy gaps.

Evalat pblic policy modls i othr stats ad co-

tris that hav grappld with agricltral watr isss.

Usig th gidig pricipls i th prvios sctio o

this docmt, dvlop a spcic st o paramtrs or

th lmts o th policy platorm.

Dvlop a policy platorm ad prioritiz th lmts.

Som arly cocpts or lmts o th policy platorm

that warrat rthr discssio ad xploratio icld:

Establish or improv ictivs, sbsidis, ad dig

or rsarch that spport th adoptio o o-arm watrstwardship practics idtid i sctio (A) abov,

ad spport th typs o watrshd basi tworks ot-

lid i sctio (B). O pottial sorc o rv may

b carbo osts that may bcom availabl to arm-

rs mployig carbo sqstratio practics, may o

which wold also rdc watr sag.

Dscrib th rlatioship btw smart agricltr,

smart rba growth, ad viromtal dmads that

lik watr stwardship policis to matchig rba watr

cosrvatio orts.

Balac th ds o growrs or crtaity abot thir

accss to watr with th d or adaptability to or-

s circmstacs ladig to shortags.

Explor ways that armrs cold bt acially rom

cosrvig watr.

Idtiy accptabl ad accptabl agricltral ss

ad practics o watr cosrvatio ad maagmt.

Propos ictivs or a systms approach to o-arm

irastrctr sch as o-sit rgy gratio systms

(.g., solar powr t-mtrig systms) that ca ost

th capital ad opratig costs o irrigatio systms.

Case Study: Dry Farming

Frogs Leap Vineyard, Napa Valley

Dy ng s te pctce o gong cops tout gton

unde coptvey s nnu n. Fnk leeds t Fogs

lep esttes tt te dy ng opeton sves n estted

16,000 gons o te nnuy pe ce. ancy benefts ncude

oe concentted, bnced ut, ncesed vne ongevty nd

educed eed got, de pessue nd susceptbty to ne-

todes nd gopes. in ddton, toug poducton nd bo costs

e equvent to conventon vneyds, te cost o estbsng

dy vnes s oe.

Case Study: Water Recycling

Straus Family Creamery, Marshall, California

at ts dy , ost o te ppoxtey 5,000 gons pe dy

o te used to cen te kng bns s ecyced. Tey cobne

te te used to cen te kng nd ee-st bns t ste-

te o te ceey, nd pocess t n sees o ponds. Ts

te s ten ecyced to cen te ee-st bn. Te etne gs

o te stete stoge ponds s cptued nd used to gene-

te 90 pecent o te dy s eectcty.

SuNliGhteleCtriC


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14 WAER SEWARDSHIP

Ackowldgmts

Tis papr was sposord by th Polaris Istitt ad dvlopd by

th ollowig orgaizatioal rprstativs:

Agricltr ad Lad-Basd raiig Associatio Craig

Ficc, Cosrvatio Program Maagr

Calioria Istitt or Rral Stdis Ro Strochlic, Exctiv

Dirctor ad Lisa Krsg, Rsarch Associat

Commity Alliac with Family Farmrs Dav Rst,

Exctiv Dirctor

Ecological Farmig Associatio im Slliva, Exctiv

Dirctor

Polaris Istitt Rata Brilligr ad Katy Mam, Proct

Coordiators

WAER Istitt o th Occidtal Arts & Ecology Ctr

Brock Dolma, Dirctor

j

W ar gratl or th gidac ad ipt o th ollowig

advisors ad rviwrs o this docmt who gav grosly o

thir tim ad xprtis. Tir assistac with th dvlopmt

o this papr dos ot cssarily imply a dorsmt or

agrmt with all o th prspctivs rprstd hri.

Calioria Associatio o Rsorc Cosrvatio Districts acy

Crry

Calioria Associatio o Wigrap Growrs Kar Ross

Calioria Dpartmt o Food ad Agricltr, Oc o

Agricltral & Eviromtal Stwardship Stv Shar

Calioria Farm Watr Coalitio ad Agricltral Watr

Maagmt Cocil Mik Wad

jA Ivitatio to Participat

acklig th crrt ad proctd watr isss i Cali-

oria rqirs a mltitd o complmtary soltios ad

th collaboratio o may stakholdrs i th agricltral

ara, which will coti to b sigicatly impactd bywatr shortags ad comptitio. Ts soltios mst c-

ssarily addrss ad itgrat coomically ad cologically

sstaiabl ad cost ctiv proposals or srac storag,

grodwatr rcharg, salt maagmt, covyac, ad

improvmt o watr qality.

O dr-xplord ara with th pottial or makig

valabl cotribtios is what w hav calld watr stward-

ship cologically, coomically, ad socially sstaiabl

o-arm practics, collaboratio, ad policis appropriat

or implmtatio at th scal o watrshd basis across

Calioria.

Tis docmt is itdd to lach a covrsatio

to ispir stratgic actio ad implmtatio o policis,programs, ad armig practics odd i a watr stw-

ardship ramwork. Dvlopig a maigl, ralistic, ad

ambitios actio pla will rqir th participatio o di-

vrs prspctivs ad sctors, ad w ivit yo to bcom

ivolvd.

For mor iormatio, backgrod, ad rsorcs, ad

to stay i toch as this iitiativ progrsss, plas rr to

th ollowig wb sit: www.agwatrstwards.org.

Calioria Farmrs Uio Ly McBrid

California Rural Legal Assistance Foundation Martha Guzman Aceve

Calioria Watr Impact Ntwork Lisa Coma, ormr Excti

Dirctor

Ctral Coast Agricltr Watr Qality Coalitio ad Roarig

Crk Rach Pal Hai

Food ad Watr Watch Noll Frdo

Calioria Stat Uivrsity, Watr Rsorcs ad Policy Iitiativ

David Zoldosk

Frids o th Rivr Ptr Frbach ad oy Bogar

Fll Blly Farm ad Commity Alliac with Family Farmrs

Jdith Rdmod

Motry Coty Watr Rsorcs Agcy Kathy Tomasbrg

Pacic Istitt Hathr Cooly

Plaig ad Cosrvatio Lag Joas Mito

Pblic Policy Istitt o Calioria Ell Haak

Rd Rock Rach Joh Dir

Rsorc Rwal Istitt Hy Johso

Roots o Chag Michal Dimock

Stat Watr Rsorcs Cotrol Board Gary Wol

Sstaiabl Cosrvatio Ladi Asgill

Uivrsity o Calioria Sata Crz Agrocology Dpartmt

Stv Glissma

Watr cosltat ormrly with th Stat Watr Rsorcs Cotrol

Board Larry Farwll

Wild Farm Alliac Jo A Bamgartr

Fially, w ackowldg ad apprciat th gros acial

spport o th Colmbia Fodatio.


15/16

15WAER SEWARDSHIP

1 L, H., Smr, D., & Howitt, R. (2001, March-April). Pottial coomic

impacts o irrigatio-watr rdctios stimatd or Sacramto Vally.

Calioria Agricltr, 55 (2).

2 Barrigr, F. (2008, Fbrary 13). Lak Mad Cold B Withi a Fw Yars

o Goig Dry, Stdy Fids. Nw York ims. Rtrivd April 17, 2008, rom

http://www.ytims.com/2008/02/13/s/13mad.html

3 North Carolia Dpartmt o Eviromt ad Natral Rsorcs (.d.).

Clayto Coty Watr Athority Sstaiabl Watr Rsorcs Maag-

mt: T Clayto Coty Watr Athority Exampl. Rtrivd April 30,

2008, rom http://www.p2pays.org/r/03/02265.pd4 T DWR Watr Pla Updat also iclds th comprhsiv Smmary

o Sigicat Litigatio 1998-2005. S: Dpartmt o Watr Rsorcs

(2005, Dcmbr). Bllti 160.

5 Sprm Cort o Calioria (1983, Fbrary 17). Natioal Adbo Soci-

ty t al. v. Sprior Cort o Alpi Coty (33 Cal.3d 419). Rtrivd May

18, 2008, rom http://www.moobasirsarch.org/lgal/83asspct.htm

6 Carl, David (2004). Itrodctio to Watr i Calioria. Brkly, CA: UC

Prss.

7 Natioal Rsorcs Ds Cocil (2007, Sptmbr 17). Rstorig th

Sa Joaqi Rivr. Rtrivd March 10, 2008, rom http://www.rdc.org/

watr/cosrvatio/saoaqi.asp

8 Stat Watr Rsorcs Cotrol Board (2008, April 17). Istram Flows

Policy FAQ. Rtrivd May 18, 2008, rom http://www.watrrights.ca.gov/

html/istramfow_ccs_aqs.html#q39 Pimtal, D. & Hart, K.A. (2001). Rapid Poplatio Growth i Calioria: A

Trat to Lad ad Food Prodctio. Corll Uivrsity. Rtrivd May 10,

2008, rom http://www.divrsityalliac.org/docs/Pimtal-LadadFood.

html

10 Dpartmt o Watr Rsorcs, op. cit.

11 Glick, P.H., Cooly, H., & Grovs, D. (2005, Sptmbr). Calioria Watr

2030: A Ecit Ftr. Pacic Istitt. Oaklad, CA: Pacic Istitt.

12 Ibid.

13 Dpartmt o Watr Rsorcs, op. cit.

14 Howvr, o ara o xcssiv watr s i viyards is th practic o s-

ig ovrhad spriklr watr to cotrol rost damag.

15 Pacic Istitt, op. cit.

16 Ows-Viai, L., Wog, A., & Glick, P.H. (1999). Sstaiabl Us o Wa-

tr: Calioria Sccss Storis. Oaklad, CA: Pacic Istitt.

17 Uivrsity o Calioria Sstaiabl Agricltr Rsarch ad Edcatio

Program (1997, Dcmbr). What Is Sstaiabl Agricltr? Rtrivd

May 24, 2008, rom http://www.sarp.cdavis.d/cocpt.htm

18 Commity Watr Ctr, Visalia, CA.

19 Cooprativ Stat Rsarch, Edcatio, ad Extsio Srvic (2005, No-

vmbr 8). Agricltral Watr Scrity Whit Papr.

20 Kyli systms maximiz watr rsorcs throgh systms dsigd to

catch, dirct, ad stor watr i pods ad soil. For mor iormatio, s:Powll, ., Powll, M., & Moss, M. (2007). Wstr Sstaiabl Agricltr

Rsarch & Edcatio (SARE) Farm Itrship Crriclm ad Hadbook.

Davis, CA: ARA. Rtrivd April 17, 2008, rom http://attra.cat.org/

itr_hadbook/watr_harvst.html

21 For mor iormatio, s: Haisma, B. (2004, Dcmbr). Mrray-Darlig

Rivr Basi Cas Stdy Astralia. Rtrivd J 1, 2008, rom http://www.

sitrsorcs.worldbak.org; Blomqist, W. Haisma, B., Diar, A., & Bhat,

A. (2005, Fbrary). Istittioal ad Policy Aalysis o Rivr Basi Ma-

agmt: T Mrray Darlig Rivr Basi, Astralia. (World Bak Policy

Rsarch Workig Papr 3527). Rtrivd April 2, 2008, rom http://www-

wds.worldbak.org

22 Prmacltr ca b dd as th s o cology as th basis or dsigig

itgratd systms o ood prodctio, hosig, appropriat tchology,

ad commity dvlopmt. For mor iormatio, s: Divr, S. (2002).Itrodctio to Prmacltr: Cocpts ad Rsorcs. Davis, CA: A-

RA. Rtrivd J 1, 2008, rom http://attra.cat.org/attra-pb/prma.

html#dd

23 G, S., D, G., Zoldosk, D., Hakim, A., Cochra, R., Fgalsag, K., & Jor-

gs, G. (2004). Ect o irrigatio amot o watr rlatios, vgtativ

growth, yild ad rit compositio o Savigo Blac grapvis i th

Sa Joaqi Vally o Calioria, USA. Joral o Horticltral Scic ad

Biotchology, 79 (1): 26-33.

24 Amrica Farms, Stras Family Cramry, ad Frogs Lap Viyards cas

stdy matrial complimts o th Calioria Istitt or Rral Stdis.

REFERENCES AND NOES

CourteSyheDGerowF

armS


16/16

16 WAER SEWARDSHIP

For mor iormatio, backgrod, ad rsorcs,

ad to stay i toch as this iitiativ progrsss,

plas rr to th ollowig wb sit:

www.agwatrstwards.org

Water Stewardship - Ensuring a Secure Future for California Agriculture

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Transcript of Water Stewardship - Ensuring a Secure Future for California Agriculture