Water Specialists Technologieswaterspecialists.biz/dir/WSTarticles/WSTPrecipCompar.pdf · Water...

WaterSpecialistsTechnologiesCompara4veMetalsRemovalStudy‐July2009

•  UnbiasedComparisonofCommonPrecipita4ngAgents•  DirectEvalua4onof:

–  Dimethyldithiocarbamate–DTC–  Trithiocarbonate‐TTC(Aquamet®T)–  Polythiocarbonate‐PTC(Thio‐Red)–  PolythiocarbonateBlend‐PTCB(TR‐50)

•  ThoroughDocumenta4on–  Analy4cal

•  pH•  ORP•  ResidualMetalviaICP

–  Visual•  RecordedObserva4ons•  Photo‐Documenta4on

ProjectObjec4ves

StudiesConducted–  LowMetalLoading–1mg/lCu2+

–  ModerateMetalLoading‐5mg/lCu2+

–  HighMetalLoading‐20mg/lCu2+

–  ModerateMetalLoading+CoagulantAddi4on•  Post‐TreatmentwithACH•  Pre‐Treatment+PostTreatmentwithACH

–  ModerateMetalLoading+EDTA

ProductEvalua4ons

•  Star4ngSolu4on–  1mg/lsolu4onCu2+usingCuSO4

(H2O)5–  NoEDTAAdded–  NoCoagulantAddi4on–  pH~7.81–  ORP~+120mv

•  TreatmentCondi4ons–  ExcessPrecipitant–  NoCoagulantAddi4on–  RxnTime<10min–  Filtra4onvia0.45μmMembrane–  AnalysisviaICP

Test1:Condi4ons

– SodiumDimethyldithiocarbamate(SDDC)

– SodiumTrithiocarbonate(Aquamet®T)– Polythiocarbonate(Thio‐Red)– PolythiocarbonateBlend(TR‐50)

Precipita4ngAgents

CopperRemoval

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

Residu

alCop

per(m

g/l)

SDDC AquametT Thio‐Red TR‐50

TestCondi.ons• 1mg/lCu2+• NoChelate• pH~7.8• ORP~+120‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐• ExcessPrecipitant• NoCoagulant• RxnTime<10min• Filtered0.45μm• AnalyzedviaICP

Test1:SDDC

ProductDose:60mg/l

Solu4onpH:8.1

Solu4onORP:‐82mV

ResidualCu2+:0.06mg/l

Test1:Aquamet®T

ProductDose:50mg/l

Solu4onpH:8.4

Solu4onORP:‐248mV


Test1:Thio‐Red

ProductDose:50mg/l

Solu4onpH:8.2

Solu4onORP:‐43mV


Test1:TR‐50

ProductDose:36mg/l

Solu4onpH:8.1

Solu4onORP:‐283mV



(H2O)5–  NoEDTAAdded–  pH~7.43–  ORP~+140mv

•  TreatmentCondi4ons–  Precipitant–  CoagulantAddi4on

•  FirstSeries–NoAddi4on•  SecondSeries–ACHAddi4on

–  RxnTime<10min–  Filtra4onvia0.45μmMembrane–  AnalysisviaICP

Test2:Condi4ons


– SodiumTrithiocarbonate(Aquamet®T)– Polythiocarbonate(Thio‐Red)– PolythiocarbonateBlend(TR‐50)– PolymericDithiocarbamate(Nalmet®8702)

Precipita4ngAgents

CopperRemoval–NoCoagulant

00.51

1.52

2.53

3.54

4.55

Residu

alCop

per(m

g/l)

SDDC AquametT Thio‐Red TR‐50 Nalmet8702

TestCondi.ons• 5mg/lCu2+• NoChelate• pH~7.4• ORP~+140‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐• Precipitant• NoCoagulant• RxnTime<10min• Filtered0.45μm• AnalyzedviaICP

Test2:SDDC

ProductDose:60mg/l

Solu4onpH:8.0

Solu4onORP:+51mV


Test2:Aquamet®T

ProductDose:55mg/l

Solu4onpH:7.9

Solu4onORP:+38mV


Test2:Thio‐Red

ProductDose:50mg/l

Solu4onpH:7.39

Solu4onORP:+107mV


Test2:TR‐50

ProductDose:2X40mg/l

Solu4onpH:7.5

Solu4onORP:‐280mV


Test2:Nalmet8702

ProductDose:60mg/l

Solu4onpH:6.5

Solu4onORP:‐56mV


CopperRemoval–ACHCoagulant

00.51

1.52

2.53

3.54

4.55

Residu

alCop

per(m

g/l)

AquametT Thio‐Red TR‐50

TestCondi.ons• 5mg/lCu2+• NoChelate• pH~7.4• ORP~+140‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐• Precipitant• ACHCoagulant• RxnTime<10min• Filtered0.45μm• AnalyzedviaICP

Test2:Aquamet®T+ACHCoagulant

ProductDose:50mg/l

ACHDose:50mg/l

Solu4onpH:7.1

Solu4onORP:‐149mV


Test2:Thio‐Red+ACHCoagulant

ProductDose:50mg/l

ACHDose:50mg/l

Solu4onpH:6.7

Solu4onORP:‐152mV


Test2:TR‐50+ACHCoagulant

ProductDose:45mg/l

ACHDose:50mg/l

Solu4onpH:6.9

Solu4onORP:‐149mV



(H2O)5–  NoEDTAAdded–  pH~7‐8–  ORP~+200mv

•  TreatmentCondi4ons–  Precipitant–  CoagulantAddi4on–  RxnTime<10min–  SeglingTime~12hours–  Filtra4onvia0.45μmMembrane–  AnalysisviaICP

Test3:Condi4ons



Precipita4ngAgents

CopperRemoval

00.050.1

0.150.2

0.250.3

0.350.4

0.450.5

0.0350.005 0

0.04

Residu

alCop

per(m

g/l)


TestCondi.ons• 20mg/lCu2+• NoChelate• pH~7‐8• ORP~+200‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐• Precipitant• Coagulant• RxnTime<10min• SeglingTime~12hrs• Filtered0.45μm• AnalyzedviaICP

Test3:SDDC+ACHCoagulant

ProductDose:192mg/l

ACHDose:280mg/l

Solu4onpH:8.1

Solu4onORP:‐200mV



ProductDose:210mg/l

ACHDose:280mg/l

Solu4onpH:7.9

Solu4onORP:‐170mV



ProductDose:228mg/l

ACHDose:280mg/l

Solu4onpH:7.5

Solu4onORP:‐164mV



ProductDose:168mg/l

ACHDose:280mg/l

Solu4onpH:7.5

Solu4onORP:‐149mV



(H2O)5–  NoEDTAAdded–  pH~7.5–  ORP~+139mv

•  TreatmentCondi4ons–  Precipitant–  WithCoagulantAddi4on

•  Pre‐Treatment•  PostTreatment


Test4:Condi4ons



Precipita4ngAgents

CopperRemoval

0

0.5

1

1.5

0.976

0.709

0.023 0

Residu

alCop

per(m

g/l)


TestCondi.ons• 5mg/lCu2+• NoChelate• pH~7.5• ORP~+139‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐• Coagulant• Precipitant• Coagulant• RxnTime<10min• Filtered0.45μm• AnalyzedviaICP


ACHDose:160mg/l

ProductDose:64mg/l

ACHDose:80mg/l

Solu4onpH:7.2

Solu4onORP:+50mV



ACHDose:160mg/l

ProductDose:70mg/l

ACHDose:80mg/l

Solu4onpH:7.2

Solu4onORP:+20mV



ACHDose:160mg/l

ProductDose:76mg/l

ACHDose:80mg/l

Solu4onpH:7.4

Solu4onORP:+37mV



ACHDose:160mg/l

ProductDose:56mg/l

ACHDose:80mg/l

Solu4onpH:7.5

Solu4onORP:‐149mV


Test4TimeLapsedView

Test4:

SDDC Thio‐RedAquamet®T

Test4:

SDDC

Test4:

Aquamet®T

Test4:

Thio‐Red

Tests5–75mg/lCu2+

1:1EDTAIncreasingPrecipitantDosage

– SodiumTrithiocarbonate(Aquamet®T)

– Polythiocarbonate(Thio‐Red)– PolythiocarbonateBlend(TR‐50)

Precipita4ngAgents


(H2O)5–  1:1EDTAAdded–  pH~7.5–  ORP~+100‐200

•  TreatmentCondi4ons–  Precipitant–  WithCoagulantAddi4on

•  Pre‐Treatment•  PostTreatment


Test5‐7:Condi4ons

Test5:PrecipitantDoseTable

Product Ini.alACH(mg/l) Product(mg/l) PostACH(mg/l) Solu.onORP(mV)

Aquamet®T 160 70 80 ‐54

Thio‐Red 160 76 80 ‐68.5

TR‐50 160 56 80 ‐270

CopperRemoval

0

0.5

1

1.5

0.854

1.15

0.17Residu

alCop

per(m

g/l)


TestCondi.ons• 5mg/lCu2+• 1:1EDTAChelate• pH~7.5• ORP~+100‐200‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐• Coagulant• Precipitant• Coagulant• RxnTime<10min• Filtered0.45μm• AnalyzedviaICP

Test5TimeLapsedView

Test5:

TR‐50Thio‐RedAquamet®T



Aquamet®T 160 105 80 ‐132

Thio‐Red 160 114 80 ‐70

TR‐50 160 84 80 ‐32

CopperRemoval

0

0.5

1

1.5

0 0 0

Residu

alCop

per(m

g/l)



Test6TimeLapsedView

Test6:




Aquamet®T 160 140 80 ‐123

Thio‐Red 160 152 80 ‐136

TR‐50 160 112 80 ‐302

CopperRemoval

0

0.5

1

1.5

0.57

0.99

0.09

Residu

alCop

per(m

g/l)



Test7TimeLapsedView

Test7:


– AllProductsEffec4veAcrossLow,Moderate,andHighCopperLoadings

– SDDCand8702BegerinAbsenceofCoagulant– ACHProvedtobeandEffec4veCoagulant– Thio‐Red,TR‐50,TTCw/ACHBegerthanSDDCw/ACH•  FasterandMoreCompleteClarifica4on

Conclusions

–  ForEDTAChelatedCopper•  TR‐50PerformedatLowerDosagethanAQTorThio‐Red

•  Thio‐RedandTR‐50ShowedBegerClarifica4onProper4es–  Time–  Clarity

•  AllProductsEffec4velyRemovedEDTAChelatedCopper

– Overall•  Thio‐RedshowsEquivalentRemovaltoAquamet®T

•  Thio‐RedshowsBegerClarifica4onProper4estoAquametT

Conclusions

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