Water Shortage and Adaptation to Climate Change
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Transcript of Water Shortage and Adaptation to Climate Change
1 Climate change and meteorological disaster in China1-1 Temperature and precipitation Change
1-2 Moteorological disaster
1-3 Water shortage
2 what we can do is to develop our adaptability Water Resoure
shortage2-1 Water usage measures
2-2 Basic infrastructures for agricultural irrigation
2-3 Raise land surface plant coverage
2-4 Sea water desalinification
2-5Sea ice desalinification
3 Government support 3-1 Policy support
3-2 Research project support
1-1 Temperature changein China
1957-2006年中国年平均气温变化幅度
75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120 125 130 135
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In the past 50 years,the temperature cames higher, specially in northern area
(单位:℃
/50
年)
(中国气象局国家气候中心, China climate center )
75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120 125 130 135
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1957-2006年中国年降水量变化幅度
(中国气象局国家气候中心, China climate center)
Western/southern increased;northern and northeast decreased.Most northern areas
decreased 20-40mm each 10 year, Western/southern increased 20-60mm each 10year.
(单位:%
/50
年)
Flood1-2 Meteorological disaster
Flood Loss
Typhoon frequency
Typhoon paths
Typhoon disaster
Typhoon and Loss
Ice snow frequency
Snow disaster and loss
Dust storms
Dust storm and loss
1-3 Water Resourcessevere water shortage
in bohai region• The total amount of water resources in bohai region of China,
namely that of the provinces of LN, HB, SD, TJ is 2% of China. The per capita water resource volume is lower than 500m3, whereas that of the world is approximately 8300m3,which inhibits the sustainable development of the economy.
Face to water shortage, It has exploited underground
water sources, water channeling and many other
measures. Problems closely related to water pollution,
health, damages to coastal ecosystems and reduction
of biodiversity has been gathering researchers’
attention, who have also been searching for
alternative ways to solve water resource shortage in
the area.
2 what we can do is to develop our adaptability Water Resoure shortage
• 2-1 Engineering measure
• Yangtze River– landuse change(退田还湖、移民建镇
conversing farmland to lake, immigration and city building)
– Jing River Project(荆江大堤)
– three gorges dam(三峡工程)
• South-North water transfer project(南水北调)
2-2 Irrigation measure Fix water project
Add channels that prevent
leakage/effective irrigation
area
Add water saving irrigation
area and technologyDripping irrigation
Spewing irrigation
Rebuild low production
farmland
2-3 Increase plant coverage
From 1998, started the
project conversing farmland
to grass and forst
• Conversing farmland to grass
• Conversing farmland to forest
Increase plant coverage can
Decreased carbon 27.29%
Keep water
climatic model simulated the
effectiveness of plant coverage
of the western of china: land
surface temperature decreases
as plant coverage increases,
which is helpful in raising
rainfall and soil moisture,
reduce the wind speed, sand
storm occurrences, prevent or
mitigate freezing dry hot heat
wave, drought and other threats
to agriculture.
2-4 Sea water desalinification
• Up until 2006, china’s sea water desalinification ability has reached 1.5 billion tonnes
• Sea water desalinification volume has reached 31,000 m /day
• The cost of sea ice desalinification is decreasing, now only 5 rmb/m3
Projects of sea water
desalinfciation production
at the tonnes level
2-5 Sea ice desalinification-Project by BNU
• Bohai coastal area is the important economic zone of China
辽
宁
沿海
经
济
带
河北渤海新区
河北渤海新区
黄河三角洲高效生态经济区
天滨
区
津
新海
terms (%)China
Population 16.4
GDP 22.8
Per capita water
resource
17.6
Effective irrigation area
20.6
Water amount 2%
Liaoning, hebei, tianjin, shandong
Sea ice desalinification
• China has adapted water chanelling measures in solving the problems of water shortage. However, this can only change the uneven water distribution, it cannot increase the level of water resources itself. Hence, we must face the underlying shortage of water in the region. Aside from water chaneling from the region, we must also search for fresh water resources in the north
工程调水:引滦、引黄、南水北调、东水西调等
• Bohai and north yellow sea froze due to low temperature
• Winter wind and cold wave caused the sea ice in bohai and north yellow sea to freeze and form large amounts of sea ice
• Sea ice salinity(4‰~8‰ )low than sea water salinity(28‰~31‰)
Sea ice desalinification• Sea ice resource usage and research has its
chinese characteristics
渤海
150
12060
30
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Bohai is the ice forming sea region with the lowest altitude on the northern hemisphere
Bbohai sea’s sea ice region is
the heaviest population region
in the sea ice regions of the
northern hemisphere, and is
also the most economically
developed region
Sea ice research usage and
researched has opened up a
new area of sea ice usage. It is
an innovative scientific value
for the development of
humankind
The sea ice amount and the winter mean
temperature of Yingkou
We have not obtained the statistical data for winter 2010’s sea ice
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1987-1988
1988-1989
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1990-1991
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1998-1999
1999-2000
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2008-2009
时 间
海冰
资源
量(
亿m
3)
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冰情
等级
海冰资源量最大值 海冰资源量平均值 海冰冰情等级
Major science issues:
1. Desalination mechanism: can sea ice be
desalinified?
2. Sea ice reserve: worth exploiting(what about
volume and quality)?
一.技术工程问题:怎样实现淡化?海冰水应用领域?
3. Engineering issues -is doing
① sea ice desalination equipment and facilities-Sea ice desalination
② Sea ce collection equipment/establishment-Sea ice collection
③ Sea ice transport equipment/establishment-Sea ice storage
④ Sea ice desalination technics-production technics
⑤ Sea ice desalination engineering test-industry development
⑥ Sea ice water integrated use test-sea ice use
Ice investigation on the BH
a (轻冰年06/07) b (常冰年偏轻05/06)
c (常冰年89/90) d(常冰年偏重00/01)
1. It mainly
distribute close coast
2. It mainly
distribute in Liao
dong Bay
3.It is less 40km
from coast
Sea ice spatial distribution
Sea area Weak ice year Weaker ice year Normal year Heavy ice year
Liaodong
Bay
Ice amount(108m3) 13.4 23.8 25.1 28.3
% 100 89.2 63.8 50.1
Bohai Bay Ice amount(108m3) 0 1.1 5.0 11.0
% 0 4.2 12.6 19.4
Laizhou Bay Ice amount(108m3) 0 0 1.4 0
% 0 0 3.7 0
Middle area Ice amount(108m3) 0 1.8 7.8 17.2
% 0 6.6 19.9 30.5
Ice amount Ice amount(108m3) 13.4 26.7 39.3 56.5
Sea ice spatial distribution
In situ agricultural water demand 700 108m3
Future plans
Research and development, pilot projects and
testing prior to production is currently in place
离心脱盐 岸边采冰 海上采冰
海冰输送 重力脱盐 海冰输送
Future plansSea ice water agricultural use and coastal resource
integrated development and research is currently in place
修筑台田 阻排结合 覆冰洗盐
地膜保墒 海冰淡水灌溉 棉花长势
Future plans
Anshan steel head office Has placed emphasis on sea ice desalination, and is currently in negotiation on cooperation and industrialization
3 Government support
3-1 Government support for water shortage
• Fiscal subsidies – return farmland to grasslands, return
agricultural lands to forests. From 1998 to 2016, returning
farmlands to forests shall receive subsidies of 300RMB per acre per
year for 5 years consecutively. One time 600 RMB subsidy shall be
given to tree planting projects on bare mountains
• putting sea ice desalination into industrialization.
Development subsidies and tax cut policies
3-2 project supports
National support to the study of sea ice use
• “11th Five-year Plan”- Key NSFC project of China;
• “11th Five-year Plan” -National high science and
technology research project of China;
• “11th Five-year Plan” -Key Science & Technology
Support Project of China
• “11th Five-year Plan”-industrialization project of China
Thanks