Water seminar Brussels, July 2010 Lessons on transboundary cooperation A. Liebaert, DG DEV/B/1.
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Transcript of Water seminar Brussels, July 2010 Lessons on transboundary cooperation A. Liebaert, DG DEV/B/1.
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Water seminarBrussels, July 2010
Lessons on transboundary cooperation
A. Liebaert, DG DEV/B/1
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Transboundary basins - contextTransboundary basins - context
• Water (surface & ground) crosses boundaries
Political & physical boundaries at local, national, & regional levels
• Management of water at the regional level is in itself a public good - Flood & drought protection, water quality management, ecosystem services
• Sharing benefits from water development vs sharing physical quantities of water– Rationale choice in water scarce regions
• Cooperation on TB waters can support wider regional integration objectives
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•Africa’s 63 transboundary river basins account for:
- 93% of the resource
- 77% of the population
- 61% of the surface area
•Climate variability
•Colonial legacy - borders & boundaries
•Regional integration agenda
The transboundary The transboundary water resources water resources challenge in Africachallenge in Africa
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Development - key clusters of tangible benefits
1. Hydropower•Storage for hydropower•Electricity trade (power markets)
2. Primary production•Agriculture•Forestry•Bioenergy
3. Industry & Urbanization•Domestic use•Industrial use•Navigation•Flood & drought protection
4. Environmental services• Water quality management•Biodiversity & conservation•Tourism• Fisheries
SIWI, CSIR, DPA 2008
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Water activities – adding value Water activities – adding value
Water information
• Monitoring & data collection of all raw water flows
• Classification of water systems
• Water information to support decision making
Water governance
• Water policy choices to guide water use
- Eg cost recovery
• Planning water use in society
-Eg tradoffs
• Water access rights
• Institution building - Several levels
Water services
• Multipurpose water development & storage
• Watershed restoration & management
Service provision including:• Energy production
• Primary production
• Industry & domestic use & treatment
• Ecosystem services Granit, 2010
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Lessons from the Nile
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• 10 countries: Burundi, D.R. Congo, Egypt, (Eritrea), Ethiopia, Kenya, Rwanda, Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda
• 300 m people in the basin (Egypt and Ethiopia largest)
• 600 m 2025
• Poverty: 4 of 10 poorest
• Climate variability
• Landscape vulnerability
• Limited infrastructure
Nile Basin geography
& challenges
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Irrigated Agriculture
Flood mngmt.
WatershedManagement
RegionalTransmissionSystem
LocalCommunityInfrastructure
HydrometSystem
Hydropower
From Single Output …
Growth PoleInvestments
to Multiple Interests (WB, Fields)
Energy for growth
Fisheries & aquatic ecosystems
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From sharing water (quantity) to sharing benefits - incentives for cooperation
Environmental: to the rivere.g. water quality & biodiversity
Direct economic: from the riverproductive use e.g irrigation
Reducing costs: because of rivere.g. conflicts
Indirect economic: beyond the riverregional integration
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Nile Basin Initiative (NBI)Shared Vision – Shared Goals
“to achieve sustainable socio-economic development through the equitable utilization of, and benefit from, the common Nile Basin
water resources”
• Building Trust• Agreeing to work together in a structured way• Cooperating through accelerated investments
Yet after 10 years, negotiations remain centered around Old Perceptions
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SVPApplied Training Project (APT)
Nile Transboundary Environmental Action Project (NTEAP)
Efficient Water Use for Agricultural Production (EWUAP)
Confidence Building and Stakeholder Involvement (CBSI)
Socio-economic Development and Benefit Sharing (SDBS)
Shared Vision Program Coordination Project (SVP-C)
Regional Power Trade (RPT)
ENTROAddis
NBI SECRETARIAT
Entebbe
Water Resources Planning and Management (WRPM)
NELSAP-CUKigali
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Potential for ‘cooperative’ investment
• Sufficient water for multi-purpose development in a cooperative framework
• Hydropower development through the Blue Nile storage will have no lasting adverse downstream impacts provided an agreed filling strategy takes into account downstream needs
• The planned aspirations for water withdrawal for consumptive use can be met with only minor impacts on reliability
• There are significant opportunities for water conservation measure in higher rainfall zones (e.g,. In reservoirs, lakes/wetlands and irrigation)
• Climate change is a significant issue facing the Basin. There is need to develop credible methods to examine possible future impacts.
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The cost of non-cooperation
• Risk for negative impacts on human security and human development
• Unpredictability, less preparedness for floods and drought
• Mobilising funds for multi-purpose investments and infrastructure is hard without co-operation
• Risk for increased tension and conflict
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Lessons from donor cooperation in transboundary basins
in Africa
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Note: One donor per bullet
Source: GTZ (2007): Donor activity in transboundary water cooperation in Africa
Financial support for river and lake basins
Donor Support – ODA to transboundary water
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Challenges for Implementing Paris Declaration at regional level
• Donor Coordination across basins is weak • Donor coordination around each institution is
weak with only a few exceptions (SADC, Nile)
• Potential for increased coordination through mechanisms such as lead donor arrangements, basket funding, TA-pooling, etc
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Support to TBW - Issues
• Improved predictability needed • Alignment and closer links between regional
and national support programs• Lack of investment-ready proposals • Capacity development• Strengthen institutional framework and planning
processes
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Lessons from EC support to transboundary basins in Africa
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EC support to TBW
• Regional programming : no priority for TBW
• EUWI/Africa-EU Partnership : • 5 basins (Niger, Volta, L. Chad, Kagera, Orange)
• EUWF : direct agreement (NBI, Niger, AWF/Congo), calls for proposals (Niger, Sénégal, ANBO)
• Infrastructure TF : only one out of … - case of Lake Victoria
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Lessons
• TIME …• Ownership : no demand channeled through Regional
organisations• Reinforcement of an institutional architecture (AUC,
AMCOW, RECs, RBOs) to prioritise TBW in regional programmes
• Need for ad-hoc donor driven support – to strengthen RBOs and processes
• Complementarity of regional – national WRM plans• Project preparation – pooling of resources for large scale
investment