Water Security in the Canadian prairies
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Transcript of Water Security in the Canadian prairies
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Water Security in the Canadian prairies: - science and management challenges
Howard Wheater [email protected]
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Saskatchewan River Basin Water in the Canadian Prairies
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The prairie provinces of Canada depend on the South Saskatchewan river o75% of South Saskatchewan River water comes from the Rockies (40-50% of basin does not normally contribute to river flows)
o< 1% of flow originates in Saskatchewan, but 70% of population uses river water
o 86% of consumption of South Saskatchewan River goes to irrigation
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But: • The South Saskatchewan river has reached limits for
use in southern Alberta
• Climate change and land management are changing the land and its water in complex ways, affecting river flows and prairie hydrology
• Pollution is changing its water quality
• Extreme events are damaging and expected to increase
• Water governance in the prairie provinces is complex and fragmented
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Saskatoon Summer Precipitation 1900-2010
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
1900 1920 1940 1960 1980 2000 2020
Hydrologic year (Oct 1-Sept 30)
Pre
cip
itation [
mm
]
Summer (April-Sept)
Costs in Manitoba >$800 million
2011 Floods
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Prairie Drought of 1999-2004 Most Expensive Natural Disaster in Canadian History
$5.8 billion decline in GDP 2001-2002
$3.6 billion drop in agricultural production, 2001-2002
41,000 jobs lost
BC, Alberta forest fires
Saskatchewan dust storms
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Water quality
In 2007 algal blooms covered
15,000 km2 of lake Winnipeg
Photo: Reuters
http://www.canada.com/news/Feds+lack+know+deal+with+dirty+rivers+lakes+report/3802002/story.html
Image: Greenpeace Canada
http://www.greenpeace.org/canada/en/Blog/beyond-factory-farming-hog-
farms-and-friendly/blog/3761
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Temperature Trends at Elevation Marmot Creek, 1962-Present
Winters are warmer by 3 to 4 oC since the 1960s Harder & Pomeroy
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Effects of climate change? Summer temperature change (JJA) 0C
2041-2070 minus 1971-2000
HRM3 (UK) CRCM (Canada)
NARCCAP, 2011
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Effects of land management change? Smith Creek, Saskatchewan
undrained drained
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Global Institute for Water Security Slide of
who
we are
and
what
GIWS
is
seeking
to do
See
Notes –
text
from
HW
Slide
#6
$30 million investment in
inter-disciplinary science.
80 faculty and government
researchers
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Saskatchewan River Basin: science objectives To improve monitoring, understanding and modelling of:
•the region's variable climate, including its hydro-meteorological extremes
•key land surface systems, including Rocky Mountains, Boreal Forest and Prairies, and their response to climate variability and climate change
•effects, on water quantity and quality and aquatic ecosystems, of anthropogenic land use change
•societal controls on water management, including policy options and economic instruments
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Rocky Mountain Research Basins - Marmot Creek
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Boreal Forest Research Sites BERMS/BOREAS
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Prairie Research Sites St Denis Kenaston Smith Creek
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Lake Diefenbaker/Swift Current Creek
Algal bloom Sept 24 2011
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Water Resources Management Model South Saskatchewan River Basin in Alberta
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Socio-hydrology - understanding and managing complex human-natural systems
Group mind-mapping exercise. Stakeholder workshop, Canmore , Alberta, March 2012
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Conclusions Water management in the prairies faces major challenges -
full allocation in S Alberta, extremes, water quality, rapid environmental change, population and economic growth, uncertain climate futures….
New science is needed to understand and model what is a complex human-environmental system – data scarcity, complex and poorly understood environments, rapid environmental change, human controls on land and water management.
Water security depends on people - water security research must recognise the need for social science perspectives and stakeholder engagement.
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