Water Reuse and Urban and Periurban Agriculture
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Transcript of Water Reuse and Urban and Periurban Agriculture
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Water Reuse and Urban and Periurban Agriculture
Javier Mateo-Sagasta Dávila ([email protected])
FAO Land and Water Division
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Outline
• Problems of rapid urbanization
How UPA contributes to solve these problemsUPA needs Resources
•Water Reuse
• Benefits of water reuse in UPA
• Barriers for water reuse in UPA
• Responses to overcome these barriers
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Rapid urbanization
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Rapid urbanization
70%
URBAN
RURAL50%
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Some related problems
• Poverty belts: unemployment, food insecurity and malnutrition
• Water supply: not enough water to cope with increasing demands
• Insufficient sanitation: exposure to pollutants
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Urban and Peri-urban Agriculture
• WHAT IT IS ?It is the safe production of agriculture products in and
around the cities. Involving 800 million urban residents worldwide
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UPA contributes to solve urbanization problems
• Availability of nutritious food• Employment and income• Greener cities• Recycling of wastes
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Examples of sustainable UPA
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Examples of sustainable UPA
Percentage of urban households participating in agricultural activities in selected countries Source: Zezza and Tasciotti (2010).
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Examples of sustainable UPA
• Dakar, Senegal
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Resources for UPA
LAND
NUTRIENTS (N, P…)
WATER
ORGANIC MATTER
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Water for UPA
UPA requires water of enough
quality (not necessarily drinking water quality)
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Water for UPA
In water scarce regions, in periods of drought and in a context of deficient sanitation, there is
low availability of clean water in and around cities
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How to provide affordable and safe water to UPA without interfering drinking water supply?:
Safe use of treated wastewater Rainwater harvesting in
urban areas
Water for UPA
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Benefits of Water Reuse
Linear society:Pollution and Resources wasted
Recycling society: Water Reuse and Nutrients recycling
• Reliable source of water and nutrients for agriculture
• Preventing pollution downstream
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Barriers and Responses
• Health and Environmental Risks
• Response
• Options to minimize risks
• Treatment options
• Non-treatment options
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• Negative Public Perception
• Terminology• Cultural problems• Religious concerns
• Response
• Advocacy and awareness campaigns
Barriers and Responses
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• Institutional complexity
• Are responsibilities and jurisdictions among parties clear?
• Agriculture• Cities• Environment• Health
• Response
• Coordination mechanisms
• Platforms for negotiation.
Barriers and Responses
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• Economic Feasibility
• Benefits > Costs?
• The most cost-effective alternative?
• Who will pay for the costs of a reuse project?
Barriers and Responses
• Response
• Low cost technologies• Economic appraisal
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• Land Tenure Insecurity
• No incentives for investment
Barriers and Responses
• Response
• Urban planning
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Recycling society
Win Win
• Cities providing water, nutrients and organic matter to agriculture
• Agriculture providing food, employment and income to the cities and improving the urban landscape.
Barriers to be overcome Response options
Summary and conclusions
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THANK YOU!