Water Resources to Develop Natural Gas from Shale Plays
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Water Resources to Develop Natural Gas from Shale Plays
Yael Hirsch12/04/2012
GIS in Water Resources
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What is Shale Gas?
• Shale Gas: Natural gas trapped within fine-grained sedimentary rocks rich in oil and natural gas called shale formations.
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Shale Gas Extraction
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Shale Gas Production Drivers
• Natural gas burns clean• 482 trillion cubic feet of shale gas• Creates domestic jobs • Increases our energy security and
independence
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Shale Plays in the US
Chattanooga & Floyd Shale Plays
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Environmental Concerns ofShale Gas Production
• Produces large amounts of wastewater• Groundwater contamination• Surface contamination• May cause earthquakes!
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Black Warrior Basin
Black Warrior Basin
Chattanooga & Floyd Shale Plays
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ResearchIs there enough water annually to support municipal uses and fracking in the Black Warrior Basin?
Extractable Gas = (w-m)*k
… where:w = total water availabilitym = municipal water usagek = amount of shale gas extracted per m3 of water required
Future Work• Include water usage of other industries in model
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Step 1: Determine Water Availability
Water Availability = Precipitation – Evapotranspiration
(Gauge data obtained from NOAA National Climatic Data Center)
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Step 1: Determine Water Availability
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Step 1: Determine Water AvailabilityAnnual Precipitation = 6.28 km3
Water Availability = Precipitation – Evapotranspiration
???
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World Available Water Map Service
(Map layer obtained from Daniel Siegal on ArcGIS online)
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Step 2: Municipal Water Usage
(Population data obtained at census.gov)
Annual Municipal Water Reqs= (Population)(ave water usage/person-day)(365 days/year)55 trillion gallons of water per year = (1.5 million)(100 gallons/person-day)(365 days/year)
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Step 3: Population Density
Birmingham
Tuscaloosa
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Step 4: Gas per Water
1812 m3 gas/1 m3 H20
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Lessons Learned & Future Work
• Lessons Learned– Shale gas data and groundwater data are very hard
to find!
• Future Work– Import raster data set for World Water Availability
to determine water availability of the region– Add agriculture water requirements to formula– Apply strategy to other prospective shale regions
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Acknowledgements
• Dr. Maidment• Gonzalo Espinoza
Thanks!!
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Step 3: Population Density
BirminghamTuscaloosa
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Step 5: Amount of Shale Gas
2.34 trillion m3 gas in the Black Warrior Basin
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