OVERVIEW OF CLIMATE CHANGE FINANCING MECHANISMS IN CAMBODIA, LAO PDR, THAILAND, AND VIETNAM
Water Resources Management Financing in Vietnam
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Transcript of Water Resources Management Financing in Vietnam
FINANCE IN WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT IN VIETNAM
Dr. Dao Trong Tu
VNWP
Yangon- Myanmar 3/10/2013
CONTENTS
1. Water of Vietnam
2. Legal and Institutional Framework for Water Resources in Vietnam
3. Financial Policy in Water Resources Management in Vietnam
4. Identification of Financial Needs for Sectors in IWRM
5. Recommendations
Vietnam and SEA countries
WATER OF VIETNAM
1
Country Area: 331.690 km2
Population: 90 million people (2012)
River system: 2,372 rivers/watersheds with length > 10 km, 13 river basins with area > 10,000 km2
Water resources: 830 - 840 Billion m3/year (63% of which from neighbour countries)
Actual annual renewable water resources per capita: 9,700 m3
(Asia: 3.970 m3, World: 7.650m3)
C¶Fl v = 27.200 km2
W = 24,2 km3
Cöu LongFl v = 795.00 km2W = 520,3 km3
GIANHFLV = 4.680 KM2W = 8,14 KM3
Thu BånFl v = 10.496 km2
W = 19,3 km3
S£ SANFLV = KM2W = KM3
Sr ª PèkFl v = km2W = km3
M· -ChuFl v = 28.490 km2
W = 20,1 km3
§ ång NaiFl v = 42.655 km2
W = 30,6 km3
Th¹ ch H· nFl v = 2.660 km2W = 4,68 km3
B»ng Giang-Kú Cï ngFl v = 12.880 km2
W = 8,92 km3
Hång vµ Th¸ i B×nhFl v = 168.700 km2
W = 137 km3
H ¬ngFl v =2.830 km2W = 5,64 km3
Tr µ KhócFl v = 4.680 km2W = 8,14 km3
BaFl v = 13.900 km2
W = 2,58 km3
KoneFl v = 2.980 km2W = 2,58 km3
S«ng Chu
S«ng CÇu
S«ng Yªn
S«ng § uèng
S«ng Th i B×nh
S«ng Trµ Lý
S«ng Th¹ch H· n
S«ng Chµm Chim
S«ng Vµm Cá
S«ng Cöa TiÓu
S«ng BÐ
S«ng La Ngµ
S«ng Thu Bån
S«ng Hµn
S«ng Tam Kú
S«ng Trµ Khóc
Hå § ¬n D ¬ng
Hå Nói Mét
S«ng C¸i
S«ng Kon
20º00'
106º00'
Hå TrÞ An
Hå DÇu TiÕng
c m p u c h i a
104º 00'
Hå Th c Bµ
l µ o
Vông CÇu Hai
10º00'
108º00' 110º00'
14º00'
12º00'
108º00' 110º00'
18º00'
16º00'
22º00'
18º00'
16º00'
14º00'
12º00'
10º00'
22º00'
106º00'104º 00'
T r u n g q u è c
20º00'
Phan Rang Th¸p ChµmPhan Rang Th¸p ChµmPhan Rang Th¸p ChµmPhan Rang Th¸p ChµmPhan Rang Th¸p ChµmPhan Rang Th¸p ChµmPhan Rang Th¸p ChµmPhan Rang Th¸p ChµmPhan Rang Th¸p Chµm
Nha TrangNha TrangNha TrangNha TrangNha TrangNha TrangNha TrangNha TrangNha Trang
Tuy HoµTuy HoµTuy HoµTuy HoµTuy HoµTuy HoµTuy HoµTuy HoµTuy Hoµ
Tam KúTam KúTam KúTam KúTam KúTam KúTam KúTam KúTam Kú
Qu¶ng Ng· iQu¶ng Ng· iQu¶ng Ng· iQu¶ng Ng· iQu¶ng Ng· iQu¶ng Ng· iQu¶ng Ng· iQu¶ng Ng· iQu¶ng Ng· i
Plei KuPlei KuPlei KuPlei KuPlei KuPlei KuPlei KuPlei KuPlei Ku
Kon TumKon TumKon TumKon TumKon TumKon TumKon TumKon TumKon Tum
Qui Nh¬nQui Nh¬nQui Nh¬nQui Nh¬nQui Nh¬nQui Nh¬nQui Nh¬nQui Nh¬nQui Nh¬n
§ µ L¹ t§ µ L¹ t§ µ L¹ t§ µ L¹ t§ µ L¹ t§ µ L¹ t§ µ L¹ t§ µ L¹ t§ µ L¹ t
Phan ThiÕtPhan ThiÕtPhan ThiÕtPhan ThiÕtPhan ThiÕtPhan ThiÕtPhan ThiÕtPhan ThiÕtPhan ThiÕt
Bu«n Ma ThuétBu«n Ma ThuétBu«n Ma ThuétBu«n Ma ThuétBu«n Ma ThuétBu«n Ma ThuétBu«n Ma ThuétBu«n Ma ThuétBu«n Ma Thuét
Biªn HoµBiªn HoµBiªn HoµBiªn HoµBiªn HoµBiªn HoµBiªn HoµBiªn HoµBiªn Hoµ
Vòng TµuVòng TµuVòng TµuVòng TµuVòng TµuVòng TµuVòng TµuVòng TµuVòng Tµu
§ ång Xoµi§ ång Xoµi§ ång Xoµi§ ång Xoµi§ ång Xoµi§ ång Xoµi§ ång Xoµi§ ång Xoµi§ ång Xoµi
Hå ChÝ MinhHå ChÝ MinhHå ChÝ MinhHå ChÝ MinhHå ChÝ MinhHå ChÝ MinhHå ChÝ MinhHå ChÝ MinhHå ChÝ Minh
Thñ DÇu MétThñ DÇu MétThñ DÇu MétThñ DÇu MétThñ DÇu MétThñ DÇu MétThñ DÇu MétThñ DÇu MétThñ DÇu Mét
BÕn TreBÕn TreBÕn TreBÕn TreBÕn TreBÕn TreBÕn TreBÕn TreBÕn Tre
T©n AnT©n AnT©n AnT©n AnT©n AnT©n AnT©n AnT©n AnT©n An
Mü ThoMü ThoMü ThoMü ThoMü ThoMü ThoMü ThoMü ThoMü Tho
Trµ VinhTrµ VinhTrµ VinhTrµ VinhTrµ VinhTrµ VinhTrµ VinhTrµ VinhTrµ Vinh
T©y NinhT©y NinhT©y NinhT©y NinhT©y NinhT©y NinhT©y NinhT©y NinhT©y Ninh
Sãc Tr ngSãc Tr ngSãc Tr ngSãc Tr ngSãc Tr ngSãc Tr ngSãc Tr ngSãc Tr ngSãc Tr ng
CÇn Th¬ CÇn Th¬ CÇn Th¬ CÇn Th¬ CÇn Th¬ CÇn Th¬ CÇn Th¬ CÇn Th¬ CÇn Th¬
VÜnh LongVÜnh LongVÜnh LongVÜnh LongVÜnh LongVÜnh LongVÜnh LongVÜnh LongVÜnh Long
Cao L· nhCao L· nhCao L· nhCao L· nhCao L· nhCao L· nhCao L· nhCao L· nhCao L· nh
B¹ c LiªuB¹ c LiªuB¹ c LiªuB¹ c LiªuB¹ c LiªuB¹ c LiªuB¹ c LiªuB¹ c LiªuB¹ c Liªu
Long XuyªnLong XuyªnLong XuyªnLong XuyªnLong XuyªnLong XuyªnLong XuyªnLong XuyªnLong Xuyªn
R¹ ch GiR¹ ch GiR¹ ch GiR¹ ch GiR¹ ch GiR¹ ch GiR¹ ch GiR¹ ch GiR¹ ch Gi
Cµ MauCµ MauCµ MauCµ MauCµ MauCµ MauCµ MauCµ MauCµ Mau
HuÕHuÕHuÕHuÕHuÕHuÕHuÕHuÕHuÕ
§ µ N½ng§ µ N½ng§ µ N½ng§ µ N½ng§ µ N½ng§ µ N½ng§ µ N½ng§ µ N½ng§ µ N½ng
§ ång Hí i§ ång Hí i§ ång Hí i§ ång Hí i§ ång Hí i§ ång Hí i§ ång Hí i§ ång Hí i§ ång Hí i
§ «ng Hµ§ «ng Hµ§ «ng Hµ§ «ng Hµ§ «ng Hµ§ «ng Hµ§ «ng Hµ§ «ng Hµ§ «ng Hµ
H¹ LongH¹ LongH¹ LongH¹ LongH¹ LongH¹ LongH¹ LongH¹ LongH¹ Long
H¶i PhßngH¶i PhßngH¶i PhßngH¶i PhßngH¶i PhßngH¶i PhßngH¶i PhßngH¶i PhßngH¶i Phßng
B¾c GiangB¾c GiangB¾c GiangB¾c GiangB¾c GiangB¾c GiangB¾c GiangB¾c GiangB¾c Giang
L¹ ng S¬nL¹ ng S¬nL¹ ng S¬nL¹ ng S¬nL¹ ng S¬nL¹ ng S¬nL¹ ng S¬nL¹ ng S¬nL¹ ng S¬n
Th¸i B×nhTh¸i B×nhTh¸i B×nhTh¸i B×nhTh¸i B×nhTh¸i B×nhTh¸i B×nhTh¸i B×nhTh¸i B×nh
H¶i D ¬ngH¶i D ¬ngH¶i D ¬ngH¶i D ¬ngH¶i D ¬ngH¶i D ¬ngH¶i D ¬ngH¶i D ¬ngH¶i D ¬ng
B¾c NinhB¾c NinhB¾c NinhB¾c NinhB¾c NinhB¾c NinhB¾c NinhB¾c NinhB¾c Ninh
H ng Yªn H ng Yªn H ng Yªn H ng Yªn H ng Yªn H ng Yªn H ng Yªn H ng Yªn H ng Yªn
Nam § ÞnhNam § ÞnhNam § ÞnhNam § ÞnhNam § ÞnhNam § ÞnhNam § ÞnhNam § ÞnhNam § Þnh
B¾c K¹ nB¾c K¹ nB¾c K¹ nB¾c K¹ nB¾c K¹ nB¾c K¹ nB¾c K¹ nB¾c K¹ nB¾c K¹ n
Cao B»ngCao B»ngCao B»ngCao B»ngCao B»ngCao B»ngCao B»ngCao B»ngCao B»ng
Ninh B×nhNinh B×nhNinh B×nhNinh B×nhNinh B×nhNinh B×nhNinh B×nhNinh B×nhNinh B×nh
Phñ LýPhñ LýPhñ LýPhñ LýPhñ LýPhñ LýPhñ LýPhñ LýPhñ Lý
Th¸i NguyªnTh¸i NguyªnTh¸i NguyªnTh¸i NguyªnTh¸i NguyªnTh¸i NguyªnTh¸i NguyªnTh¸i NguyªnTh¸i Nguyªn
Hµ NéiHµ NéiHµ NéiHµ NéiHµ NéiHµ NéiHµ NéiHµ NéiHµ Néi
Hµ TÜnhHµ TÜnhHµ TÜnhHµ TÜnhHµ TÜnhHµ TÜnhHµ TÜnhHµ TÜnhHµ TÜnh
VinhVinhVinhVinhVinhVinhVinhVinhVinh
Thanh Ho¸Thanh Ho¸Thanh Ho¸Thanh Ho¸Thanh Ho¸Thanh Ho¸Thanh Ho¸Thanh Ho¸Thanh Ho¸
Hµ § «ngHµ § «ngHµ § «ngHµ § «ngHµ § «ngHµ § «ngHµ § «ngHµ § «ngHµ § «ng
VÜnh YªnVÜnh YªnVÜnh YªnVÜnh YªnVÜnh YªnVÜnh YªnVÜnh YªnVÜnh YªnVÜnh YªnViÖt Tr×ViÖt Tr×ViÖt Tr×ViÖt Tr×ViÖt Tr×ViÖt Tr×ViÖt Tr×ViÖt Tr×ViÖt Tr×
Hßa B×nhHßa B×nhHßa B×nhHßa B×nhHßa B×nhHßa B×nhHßa B×nhHßa B×nhHßa B×nh
Tuyªn QuangTuyªn QuangTuyªn QuangTuyªn QuangTuyªn QuangTuyªn QuangTuyªn QuangTuyªn QuangTuyªn Quang
Hµ GiangHµ GiangHµ GiangHµ GiangHµ GiangHµ GiangHµ GiangHµ GiangHµ Giang
Yªn B¸iYªn B¸iYªn B¸iYªn B¸iYªn B¸iYªn B¸iYªn B¸iYªn B¸iYªn B¸i
S¬n laS¬n laS¬n laS¬n laS¬n laS¬n laS¬n laS¬n laS¬n la
Lai Ch©uLai Ch©uLai Ch©uLai Ch©uLai Ch©uLai Ch©uLai Ch©uLai Ch©uLai Ch©u
Lµo CaiLµo CaiLµo CaiLµo CaiLµo CaiLµo CaiLµo CaiLµo CaiLµo Cai
Nguån: Hå s¬ Tµi nguyªn n í c ViÖt NamN¨m: 2003
W : Tæng l î ng dßng ch¶y
Flv : DiÖn tÝch l u vùc
Chó dÉn
QuÇn ®¶o Tr êng SaQuÇn ®¶o Tr êng SaQuÇn ®¶o Tr êng SaQuÇn ®¶o Tr êng SaQuÇn ®¶o Tr êng SaQuÇn ®¶o Tr êng SaQuÇn ®¶o Tr êng SaQuÇn ®¶o Tr êng SaQuÇn ®¶o Tr êng Sa
QuÇn ®¶o Hoµng SaQuÇn ®¶o Hoµng SaQuÇn ®¶o Hoµng SaQuÇn ®¶o Hoµng SaQuÇn ®¶o Hoµng SaQuÇn ®¶o Hoµng SaQuÇn ®¶o Hoµng SaQuÇn ®¶o Hoµng SaQuÇn ®¶o Hoµng Sa
River basins in Vietnam
WATER OF VIETNAM Long-term average annual precipitation
1.980 mm/year
Long-term average actual renewable water resources
830-840 billion m3/year
Actual annual renewable water resources per capita
9 220 m3/inhabitant
% of total actual renewable freshwater resources withdrawn (MDG Water Indicator) (FAO AQUASTAT)
9.3 %
Groundwater withdrawal as % of total freshwater withdrawal (FAO AQUASTAT)
1.7 %
Total area equipped for irrigation (FAO FAOSTAT and AQUASTAT)
4 600 000 ha
% of the cultivated area equipped for irrigation
(FAO FAOSTAT and AQUASTAT)
45 %
% of irrigation potential equipped for irrigation
(FAO AQUASTAT)
49%
LEGAL FRAMEWORK FOR WRM
IN VIETNAM
2
Laws and Under Law Documents:
Law on Water Resources 1998 and revised in 2012; Law on Environmental Protection (2005) Law on Land (2003) Law on Fisheries (2004) Law on forest protection and development (2004) Decree on River Basin Management (2008) Decree on Dykes (2006) Ordinance on Exploitation and Protection of Irrigation
Works (2001) Law on Inland Waterway Navigation 2004,
LEGAL REFORM (Cont’)
Decree 120/2008/ND-TTG: River Basin Management (12/2008)
Decision No. 277/2006/QD-TTg dated 11/12/2006: National Target Program for clean water supply and sanitation in the 2006-2010 period.
Decree No. 149/2004/ND-CP dated 27/07/2004: Permits for water resource exploration, exploitation and use, or for discharge of wastewater into water sources.
Decision No. 05-2003/QD-BTNMT dated 04/09/2003: Licensing of surveying, exploiting of under ground Water Resources
Decision No. 104/2000/QD-Ttg dated 25/08/2000: National Strategy on Rural Water and Sanitation Strategy up to 2020
National Level
National Water Resources Council (2000): National Policy
Advisory Body: apex body
MONRE (2002): National Water Resources Policy and
Management (Surface & Ground W)
MARD (1995): Irrigation, Water related Disaster
Management (Flood, Drought), Rural Water Supply:
Institutional Arrangements
Institutional Arrangements (cont.)
MoIT (2002): Hydropower Development:
MoT: Inland Water Transportation
MoC: Urban Water Supply
MoH: Water Hygiene
MPI: National Water Investment Planning and Policy
MoF: state Budget control
Institutional Arrangements (Cont.)
Provincial Level:
DONRE: Provincial Water Resources Management
DARD: Irrigation, Water related Disaster Management, Rural
Water Supply in province.
DoIT: Hydropower Development (small hydropower <30 MW):
DoT: Provincial Inland Water Transportation
DoC: Provincial Urban Water Supply
DoH: Water Hygiene
DPI: National Water Investment Planning and Policy
DoF: Provincial Budget Control
Functions and Task of Institutions Relating to WRM
Ministry Functions and tasks of water resources management
Ministry of Natural Resource and Environment (MONRE)
State management of water resources, meteorology and hydrology, synthesis and unification of sea and island management
Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development (MARD)
State management of agriculture, salt production, aquaculture, irrigation, rural development, dyke management, flood control
Ministry of Industry and Trade (MOIT) Development of hydropower, construction and operation of hydropower dams/plants
Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST)
Development and provision of guidance on the application of water related criteria
Ministry of Construction (MOC) Implementation of water supply and drainage plan in urban areas, industry zones and residential areas.
Ministry of Transport (MOT) Management and development of navigation, waterway structure and harbors.
Ministry of Health (MOH) Management of criteria relating to clean water, sanitation and food safety
Ministry of Finance (MOF) Provision of guidance on water related fees and taxes.
Ministry of Planning and Investment (MPI)
Synthesis of investment projects on water resources and submission of plans, cost estimate of water resources projects and water related damage mitigation projects
FINANCIAL POLICY IN WRM IN VIETNAM
3
Financial Principles in WRM
Vietnam also applies principles to finance WRM:
1. Polluter Pays: creates conditions to make pollution a costly activity and to either influence behavior (and reduce pollution) or generate revenues to alleviate pollution and compensate for welfare loss.
2. Beneficiary Pays: allows sharing the financial burden of water resources management. It takes account of the high opportunity cost related to using public funds for the provision of private goods that users can afford.
3. Equity: a feature of many policy frameworks for water management. It is often invoked to address affordability or competitiveness issues, when water bills, driven by the first two principles, may be disproportionate with users' capacity to pay.
4. Diversification of budgets for water investments (Irrigation, hydropower, water supply, environment protection etc)
Financial Policy in WRM
Law on Water Resources 2012:
Financial sources: Water resources tax and fees and charges Licensing for granting the water resources rights Compensation and fined for the State due to violation on the
field of water under regulation of laws.
Who pay: Organizations and individuals to exploit the water have to pay
for granting the water exploitation in following cases: Water exploitation for business hydropower generation Water exploitation for business activities, services and non-
agricultural production Groundwater exploitation for industrial trees growing, livestock,
fishery cultivation with large scale.
IDENTIFICATION OF FINANCIAL NEEDS FOR SECTORS IN IWRM
4
What Kinds of Investment for WRM ?
Non-Structure/Software Administrative system Building capacity Public awareness
Structure IrrigationWater supplyHydropowerRiver TrainingEnvironmental protectionRecreationWater related disaster
Water Administrative Financing:
Water resources policy and administrative management: Water sector policy, planning and programmes;
Water legislation and management;
Institution capacity building and advice;
Water supply assessments and studies;
Ground- water, water quality and watershed studies;
Hydrogeology. Excluding agricultural water resources.
Water disaster: developing knowledge, natural risks cartography, legal norms for construction; early warning systems; emergency contingency stocks and contingency planning including preparations for forced displacement.
Infrastructures
Agricultural water resources: Irrigation, reservoirs, hydraulic structures, groundwater exploitation for agricultural use.
Hydropower: Hydroelectric power plants
Water resources protection: surface waters (rivers, lakes, etc.); conservation and rehabilitation of groundwater; prevention of water contamination from agrochemicals, industrial effluents.
Inland transportation:
Water for Uses– Domestic Water Supply (Urban and Rural)– Agriculture– Hydropower– Navigation – Recreation– Ecosystem and Environment– Other needs
Protection and Mitigation of Water Related Hazards:
– Water Drainage in urban and rural ares
- Water quality Control– Flood and Inundation – Water born Diseases– Others
Money Stream of Investment in Water Resources(2002-2011)
No. Users
Annual average government expenditure
(million constant 2010 US$)*
Percentage (%)
Annual average official
development assistance gross disbursements (million constant
2010 US$)
Percentage (%)
1 Hydroelectric power plants 577.63 50.6 29.54 12.3
2 Agricultural water resources 197.54 17.3 37.29 15.5
3Basic drinking water supply and basic sanitation 172.12 15.1 31.92 13.3
4Water supply and sanitation in large systems 144.97 12.7 80.54 33.5
5Disaster prevention and preparedness 31.00 2.7 24.36 10.1
6Water resources policy and administrative management 11.15 1.0 12.79 5.3
7 Water resources protection 6.16 0.6 9.02 3.7
8 River development 0.00 0.0 15.06 6.3
Total annual average 1140.57 100 240.52 100
Water Related Investment in BriefDuring 2002 to 2011:
Water related investment: 22.9 % of total Gov,’s expenditures
1) National budget: US$ 1, 140.57 million/year
oHydropower: 50.6% oIrrigation: 17.3 %oWater supply & sanitation: 27.8%oOthers 14.3%
2) ODA: US$ 240.52 million/year
o Water supply & sanitation 46.8%
Main Activities of Water Investment
Water Supply 2006 – 2010 Programme: mobilized budget US$ 1.4 billion,
(91.6% of planned budget), 3 times higher than mobilized budget in the period of 1999-2005. Objectives of program has met. Capital mobilization diversified in comparison to many
other programs, Gov.; Private, people and International one
International support: around US$ 200 million (14.3% of the total mobilized fund).
Soft credit: US$ 450 million (32.6%). Private and people: US$ 170 million (12%) Government and others: US$: 580 million (41,1%)
Agriculture Water Finance policy in future
Targets to 2015:
Policies on water pricing and responsibilities to ensure quality of water service :
70% of O&M fully recovered by 70% of urban service providers; 25% of O&M fully recovered by 50% of irrigation service providers; A resource management charging regime developed and implemented for
equitable recovery of costs of water resource management activities.
Orientation to 2020:
100% of O&M fully recovered by all urban service providers. 50% of capital and infrastructure replacement costs fully recovered by all
major urban service providers 50% of O&M fully recovered by 75% of irrigation service providers. 100% of attributable resource management costs being met through water
resource use charges.
Expected …
2012-2015: US$ 1.35 billion - State budget: US$ 210 million 4.100 tỷ
đồng (15%); - Local governments: US$ 155 million (11%);- International aids: US$ 410 million (30%); - Credit fund US$ 450 million (33%), - People contribution: US$ 155 million (11%).
Information….
Vietnam has 753 urban areas (2011): 2 Special urban areas: Hanoi & Ho Chi Minh City 3 Cities urban categories I: Hai Phong, Da Nang & Can
Tho. 8 Provincial cities categories I: Hue, Da Lat, Nha Trang,
Quy Nhon, Buon Ma Thuot, Thai Nguyen and Nam Dinh. 11 Provincial cities categories II: Bien Hoa, Ha Long,
Vung Tau, Viet Tri, Hai Duong, Thanh Hoa, My Tho, Long Xuyen, Pleiku, Phan Thiet and Ca Mau.
47 Urban areas categories III: towns or provincial city 42 Urban areas categories IV: towns, township,
&townlets 640 Urban areas are categories V that are townlets
Information…
• 2006-2010 : Rural people enjoyed clean water about 52 million (or 75% of total rural people in Country) increasing 13,2 % in comparison in 2005...
Where budget come from? State budget: 12%, Soft credit: 40%; International fund: 20%; and People: 28%
Drinking Water Supply and Sanitation
Investment in Irrigation 4 decades (80’s up to 2010): Investment for highly intensified
cropland systems: 6125 trillion VND ( about US$ 3.2 billion)
100 large to medium scale hydraulic works. More than 8000 other irrigation systems used mainly for paddy field irrigation.
2005: US$ 120 million 2008: US$ 240 million) ; Irrigation subsided budget:: US$ 82 million Up to 2010: > US$ 850 million) (48% of budget for
agriculture sector) -7 times increased. For Mekong Delta 2012-2050: VND 171.700 billion (USD
8.5 billion)
Investment for Agriculture in Mekong Delta (Irrigation and DRM in Climate Change)
2006-2012: 14,870 billion VND (USD 700 million) under MARD’s management and about 4,970 billion VND (USD 2,485), under local authorities.
Averagely, investment for Mekong delta about USD 110 -120 million/year.
• Under climate change, in period of 2012-2020 and vision to 2050: 171,000 billion VND (USD 8.59 billion) of that,
• Sea dike construction: USD 248 million; • Improvement of river dyke of USD 588 million; • Irrigation canal system of USD 249 million, • Flood control projects of USD 249 million • Construction of coastal sluices and improvement of field
canal works of USD 6.3 billion.
• The investment will be allocated in the three periods, namely: in 2012-2020: USD 2.07 billion; in 2021-2030: USD 2.48 billion; and in 2031-2050: USD 4.10 million.
Irrigated Agriculture
Investment for Hydropower
Up to 2013:
- Contribution of hydropower to state budget:
Annual: VN 6.500 billion (US$ 330 million) by tax, fees etc.
- Estmated investment ranging from US$ 20.5 billions to US$ 27 (1 MW x US$ 1.5 - 2 million)
Annual investment abount US$ 1 to 1.3 billion/year.
Hydropower Potential Range of among 14 richest potential of hydropower
in the world. Total theory potential : 30-35 thousand MW install
capacity. Technical potential: 18-20 thousand, now, 85 %
exploited.
Install Capacity (2013):
- 2013: 13.694 MW
Investment for Environment Protection
TT Content Unit By 2015
By 2020
Municipal solid waste
Hazard ous solid waste
Municipal solid waste
Hazardo us solid waste
1 Demand for treatment
tone/day 35,990 2,860 39.196 2.726
2 Demand for investment in treatment
VND billion
28,800 7,200 31.300 6.800
3 Total demand for investment
VND billion
36,000About US$ 1.8 billion
38,100About US$ 1.9 billion
Estimated investment demand for solid waste treatment in the various periods
Areas Flood Trans-boundary may occur
Water Disaster Investment 1996-2000
Region Government International Total
Red River 2730 1643 4373
North Moutain 1362 192 1554
North Central Part 1739 718 2457
Central Coasatal Part 1093 122 1215
Central Highland 338 37 375
South East 9 2 11
Cuu Long Delta 2749 77 2826
Total 10020 2791 12811
Investment for Urban Drainage
Last 10 years: drainage system in urban areas has had large investments for upgrade and expand the drainage systems; reduce local flood and improve sanitation conditions.
Out of 100 cities and towns, 32 urban areas had ODA projects that have been implemented with different progresses.
Total investment: VND 32,000 billion (US$ 1.6-1.8 billion);
However, still many shortcomings in drainage systems in urban areas.
Mitigating Floods and Droughts
Investment for Urban Drainage in FutureIn 2011 – 2015: Total investment demand for drainage (including committed projects) by 2015 is around: VND 85,000 billion (US $ 4.3 billion) focusing on addressing main tasks:
– Developing master plan for drainage in urban areas from categories III to higher ones that have not got master plan yet.
– Continuing implementation of the approved urban drainage projects with the funds committed by donors.
In 2015 -2020: Total investment demand for development of drainage: VND 70,000 billion (US$ 3.5), focusing main tasks:
– Investing in completion of wastewater treatment stations and sewer routes for collection in large cities such as Hanoi, HCM City, Da Nang (VND 30,000 billion or US$ 1.6 million).
– Continuing to invest in drainage system for urban areas of categories from IV to higher. (VND 40,000 billion or US$ 2.0 billion)
Water – related Disasters
Note:*Water-related disasters’ within the scope of this WCB study do not include droughts.
Water Intensity in Industry
Conclusions and ReconmendationsLarge investment but more focusing on source
generating rather than distributingWaste and pollution control weakSelf-sufficiency improved but far from the target Irrigation fee backing and confusingStudy constrainsAssess to data difficultData are managed/stored by different
agencies/sectors and not consistent
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