Water Resources G. Tyler Millers Living in the Environment 13 th Edition Chapter 14 G. Tyler Millers...
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Transcript of Water Resources G. Tyler Millers Living in the Environment 13 th Edition Chapter 14 G. Tyler Millers...
Water Resources
G. Tyler Miller’sLiving in the Environment
13th Edition
Chapter 14
Objectives:
Summarize the abundance and use of water.
Evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of dams.
Question:
How much water do you use on a daily basis (directly and indirectly)?
1430 gal/day (2000, http://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2005/3051/)
Supply of Water Resources
Fig. 14-2 p. 314
Freshwater 2.6% Readily accessible freshwater
Biota0.0001%
Rivers0.0001%
Atmosphericwater vapor
0.0001%
Lakes0.0007%
Soilmoisture0.0005%
Groundwater0.592%
Ice capsand glaciers
1.984%
0.014%
Haves and have-nots
Surface Water
Surface runoff
Reliable runoff
Watershed (drainage basin)
Evaporation and transpiration
Evaporation
Stream
InfiltrationWater tableInfiltration
Unconfined aquifer
Confined aquifer
Lake
Well requiring a pump
Flowingartesian well
Runoff
Precipitation
ConfinedRecharge Area
Aquifer
Less permeable materialsuch as clay Confirming permeable rock layer
Ground WaterWater in soil/rock pores. WatertableAquifer Recharge - slow
Sioux Falls WaterWhere do we get our water?
Use of Water Resources Humans use about 50% of reliable runoff Increase use Distribution concerns United States
Industry 11%Public 10%
Powercooling
38%
Agriculture41%
5,5005,0004,5004,0003,5003,0002,5002,0001,5001,000
500
1900 1920 1940 1960 1980 2000Wat
er u
se (c
ubic
kilo
met
ers
per y
ear)
Total use
Agricultural useIndustrial use
Domestic use
Year
5,5005,0004,5004,0003,5003,0002,5002,0001,5001,000
500
1900 1920 1940 1960 1980 2000Wat
er u
se (c
ubic
kilo
met
ers
per y
ear)
Total use
Agricultural useIndustrial use
Domestic use
Year
Total use
Agricultural useIndustrial use
Total use
Agricultural use
Domestic use
Industrial use
Total use
Agricultural use
Too Little Water - CausesDry climateDrought Desiccation –
plant lossWater stress –
pop. growthAcute shortage
Adequate supply
ShortageMetropolitan regions with population greater than 1 million
Fig. 14-7 p. 317
Global ProblemsWater Stressed
– 1700m3/y/person
Water Scarcity – 1000m3/y/person
2.4-3.4 billionTiming & storage
Fig. 14-8 p. 318
High None
NorthAmerica
SouthAmerica Stress
Africa
Europe
Asia
Australia
Increase Supplies - Solutions?Reservoirs
Transfers
Groundwater
Desalination
ConserveImport Food
Dam Good!Capture and
store runoff.Control floodsPowerIrrigation and
domesticRecreation
Dam Bad!Reduce flow
Prevents all of these
• Deliver nutrients to the sea sustain coastal fisheries
• Deposit silt that maintains deltas
• Purify water
• Renew and nourish wetlands
• Provide habitats for aquatic life
• Conserve species diversity
Mission:
You are the supreme water dictator of the world. How do you come up with a solution to global water issues?
Objectives:
Summarize the abundance and use of water.
Evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of dams.