Water Resources and Education in the United States, The University of Iowa, and IIHR An Overview...

Water Resources and Water Resources and Education in the United States, Education in the United States,

The University of Iowa, and The University of Iowa, and IIHRIIHR

An OverviewAn Overview

Ryan AsmanRyan Asman Nicole NyugenNicole NyugenHolly MoriartyHolly Moriarty Michael Michael SchaeferSchaefer

May 2007May 2007

22

OutlineOutline

• Water Resource projects in the United Water Resource projects in the United StatesStates

• Education in the United StatesEducation in the United States• Education at the University of IowaEducation at the University of Iowa

In the ClassroomIn the Classroom Social Events On Campus, Around Town Social Events On Campus, Around Town Dormitory/Apartment LifeDormitory/Apartment Life Graduate StudyGraduate Study

• Education at IIHR-Hydroscience and Education at IIHR-Hydroscience and EngineeringEngineering

33 33

Hydraulics in Hydraulics in the USA and the USA and

IowaIowa

44 44

Hydraulic ProjectsHydraulic Projects

Erie CanalErie Canal• Originally 1.2 m deep and Originally 1.2 m deep and

14 m wide with 18 14 m wide with 18 Aqueducts and 83 LocksAqueducts and 83 Locks

• Total rise of 175 mTotal rise of 175 m• 1836-1862 - enlarged to 1836-1862 - enlarged to

21 m wide and 2.2 m deep21 m wide and 2.2 m deep• 1903-1918 - 4 m deep and 1903-1918 - 4 m deep and

40-60 m wide40-60 m wide• Used mostly for recreationUsed mostly for recreation

55 55


Hoover DamHoover Dam• Built for 1931-1935 Built for 1931-1935

for $49 Million ($676 for $49 Million ($676 M Present)M Present)

• Concrete Gravity-Concrete Gravity-Arch Dam on the Arch Dam on the Colorado RiverColorado River

• 2,000 MW of 2,000 MW of electricity electricity generating capacitygenerating capacity

• Creation of Lake Creation of Lake Mead Mead

66 66


Central Arizona ProjectCentral Arizona Project• 541 km diversion canal in 541 km diversion canal in

ArizonaArizona• Diverts water from the Diverts water from the

Colorado River to Colorado River to Southern ArizonaSouthern Arizona

• 1973 Construction began, 1973 Construction began, and major construction and major construction was completed in 1993was completed in 1993

• Provides irrigation and Provides irrigation and municipal drinking water municipal drinking water to desert areasto desert areas

77 77


Erie CanalErie Canal• Proposed in 1808 Proposed in 1808

and completed in and completed in 18251825

• Links Lake Erie to Links Lake Erie to the Hudson River, the Hudson River, allowing boat allowing boat traffic from the traffic from the Great Lakes to the Great Lakes to the Hudson Bay and Hudson Bay and Atlantic OceanAtlantic Ocean

88

Iowa – WaterIowa – Water

• 92% of Iowa’s public water is ground 92% of Iowa’s public water is ground water.water.

• The major water quality problem in Iowa is The major water quality problem in Iowa is nonpoint source pollution.nonpoint source pollution.

• Contamination comes mainly from Contamination comes mainly from industry, field runoff, and livestock runoff.industry, field runoff, and livestock runoff.

• Iowa has 71,665 miles of streams and Iowa has 71,665 miles of streams and rivers and more than 161,000 acres of rivers and more than 161,000 acres of lakes, ponds and wetlands.lakes, ponds and wetlands.

99

Iowa WaterIowa Water

Iowa – Mississippi RiverIowa – Mississippi River• ~2,300 miles long~2,300 miles long• From 20 feet to 4 miles in widthFrom 20 feet to 4 miles in width• From 3 feet to 200 feet in depthFrom 3 feet to 200 feet in depth• Over the course of a year, it moves an average Over the course of a year, it moves an average

of 159 million tons of sediment. of 159 million tons of sediment. • The Mississippi River Watershed drains 41% of The Mississippi River Watershed drains 41% of

the continental United States. 31 states and 2 the continental United States. 31 states and 2 Canadian provinces are included in the Canadian provinces are included in the watershed. The total area drained is between watershed. The total area drained is between 1.2 and 1.8 million square miles. 1.2 and 1.8 million square miles.

1010


Mississippi River (History)Mississippi River (History)• On May 8, 1541, Hernando de Soto became the On May 8, 1541, Hernando de Soto became the

first European to reach the Mississippi River.first European to reach the Mississippi River.• Steamboat transportation was a very important Steamboat transportation was a very important

passenger and freight industry from 1812 until passenger and freight industry from 1812 until the beginning of the twentieth century. the beginning of the twentieth century.

• In 1848, the Illinois and Michigan Canal was built In 1848, the Illinois and Michigan Canal was built to connect the Mississippi River to Lake Michigan to connect the Mississippi River to Lake Michigan via the Illinois River.via the Illinois River.

• The sport of water skiing was invented on the The sport of water skiing was invented on the Mississippi in 1922.Mississippi in 1922.

• In 2002, the long-distance swimmer Martin Strel In 2002, the long-distance swimmer Martin Strel swam the entire length of the river in 68 days.swam the entire length of the river in 68 days.

1111


Mississippi RiverMississippi River• 29 locks and dams, most of which were built 29 locks and dams, most of which were built

in the 1930s, were designed primarily to in the 1930s, were designed primarily to maintain a 9 foot (2.7 m) deep channel for maintain a 9 foot (2.7 m) deep channel for commercial barge traffic.commercial barge traffic.

• Each year millions of people visit the Each year millions of people visit the Mississippi to observe wildlife, go camping, Mississippi to observe wildlife, go camping, participate in environmental education participate in environmental education programs, to fish, hunt and enjoy picnicking, programs, to fish, hunt and enjoy picnicking, boating and skiing. boating and skiing.

1212

Education in the United StatesEducation in the United States

1313

Public and Private UniversitiesPublic and Private Universities

University of Iowa—Public

University of Dubuque—Private

1414

Size, Cost, and Financing Size, Cost, and Financing

• Enrollment: less than Enrollment: less than 1,000 to more than 1,000 to more than 50,000 students50,000 students

• Tuition: $5,000 to $40,000 Tuition: $5,000 to $40,000 per yearper year

• Finances: Most Finances: Most undergraduates receive undergraduates receive grants or loansgrants or loans

• Finances: Graduate Finances: Graduate students are usually paid students are usually paid for doing research to for doing research to cover education costscover education costs

1515

Undergraduate EducationUndergraduate Education

• Usually takes 4 yearsUsually takes 4 years• College graduation College graduation

rate is 25.9%rate is 25.9%

1616

Graduate StudyGraduate Study

• 9.4% of the US population holds a 9.4% of the US population holds a graduate or professional degreegraduate or professional degree

• Master’s degrees generally take 1-2 years Master’s degrees generally take 1-2 years of studyof study

• Ph.D. programs are generally 4-5 yearsPh.D. programs are generally 4-5 years• Rate of pay increases (drastically in some Rate of pay increases (drastically in some

fields) for graduate or professional degree fields) for graduate or professional degree holdersholders

1717

Glossary—The GREGlossary—The GRE

• A standardized test that A standardized test that is an admissions is an admissions requirement for most requirement for most graduate schools in the graduate schools in the United States. The GRE United States. The GRE is supposed to measure is supposed to measure the extent to which the extent to which undergraduate undergraduate education has developed education has developed an individual's verbal an individual's verbal and quantitative skills in and quantitative skills in abstract thinking. abstract thinking.

1818

Glossary—The TOEFLGlossary—The TOEFL

• The Test of English as a The Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL) Foreign Language (TOEFL) evaluates the potential evaluates the potential success of an individual to success of an individual to use and understand use and understand Standard American Standard American English at a college level. English at a college level. It is required for non-It is required for non-native applicants at many native applicants at many American colleges and American colleges and universities. universities.

1919

Glossary—Semester HoursGlossary—Semester Hours

• Semester hour: The unit of credit used by Semester hour: The unit of credit used by colleges in which a credit is granted for colleges in which a credit is granted for the satisfactory completion of a course the satisfactory completion of a course which requires at least 15 hours of which requires at least 15 hours of instruction and at least 30 hours of instruction and at least 30 hours of supplementary assignments per semester. supplementary assignments per semester. For every hour of lecture, two hours of For every hour of lecture, two hours of homework and studying are expected.homework and studying are expected.

2020

Glossary—Grade Point AverageGlossary—Grade Point Average

• GPA (Grade Point Average) is a university’s GPA (Grade Point Average) is a university’s means for measuring the quality of student means for measuring the quality of student academic performance. Most US universities, academic performance. Most US universities, including The University of Iowa, use a 4 including The University of Iowa, use a 4 point system, which allots a specific number point system, which allots a specific number of points for each letter grade (A = 4 points, of points for each letter grade (A = 4 points, B = 3 points, etc.). The letter grade earned B = 3 points, etc.). The letter grade earned is multiplied by the credit hours of the is multiplied by the credit hours of the course to achieve the grade points earned course to achieve the grade points earned for each course. Dividing the total number of for each course. Dividing the total number of grade points by the number of credit hours grade points by the number of credit hours attempted gives the GPA. attempted gives the GPA.

2121

Education at the Education at the University of IowaUniversity of Iowa

2222

In the ClassroomIn the Classroom

2323


University of IowaUniversity of Iowa

• Iowa City, IowaIowa City, Iowa• Established in 1847Established in 1847• 125 major buildings125 major buildings• 1,900 acres1,900 acres• 29,900 students 29,900 students

enrolledenrolled• Yearly TuitionYearly Tuition

Iowa Residents: $6,200 Iowa Residents: $6,200 (US)(US)

Non-Residents: $18,400 Non-Residents: $18,400 (US)(US)

2424


Areas of Study Areas of Study

• 100+ Undergraduate Majors100+ Undergraduate Majors• 107 Graduate Student Areas of Study107 Graduate Student Areas of Study• 7 Professional Degrees7 Professional Degrees• 11 Colleges:11 Colleges:

College of Liberal Arts & SciencesCollege of Liberal Arts & Sciences College of DentistryCollege of Dentistry College of EducationCollege of Education College of LawCollege of Law College of NursingCollege of Nursing College of PharmacyCollege of Pharmacy College of Public HealthCollege of Public Health Graduate CollegeGraduate College Henry B. Tippie College of BusinessHenry B. Tippie College of Business Roy J. & Lucille A. Carver College of MedicineRoy J. & Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine College of EngineeringCollege of Engineering

2525


College of EngineeringCollege of Engineering

• Departments Departments Civil & EnvironmentalCivil & Environmental MechanicalMechanical Electrical & ComputerElectrical & Computer IndustrialIndustrial BiomedicalBiomedical

• 4-year program4-year program• Students:Students:

1,600 enrolled1,600 enrolled 79% male, 21% female79% male, 21% female

• 128 professional, scientific, & 128 professional, scientific, & merit staff members merit staff members

• Research Expenditures: $28.9 Research Expenditures: $28.9 million (US)million (US)

2626


RegistrationRegistration

• Meet with advisor to discuss course scheduleMeet with advisor to discuss course schedule• Undergraduates take 12-18 semester hoursUndergraduates take 12-18 semester hours• Register for courses onlineRegister for courses online• Change schedule until first day of classChange schedule until first day of class• Classes can be dropped/added within 2 Classes can be dropped/added within 2

weeks, without affecting transcriptweeks, without affecting transcript• 11 weeks to withdraw any course11 weeks to withdraw any course• Second-grade option, up to 3 coursesSecond-grade option, up to 3 courses

2727


Typical Class ScheduleTypical Class Schedule

• 12-18 semester hours per semester12-18 semester hours per semester

2828


Typical CourseTypical Course

• Lectures meet 2-3 days/weekLectures meet 2-3 days/week 50-75 minutes50-75 minutes 50 min. discussion meet once/week50 min. discussion meet once/week 2-3 hour lab meet once/week2-3 hour lab meet once/week

• 1-3 homework assignments/week1-3 homework assignments/week• Research ReportsResearch Reports• Lab ReportsLab Reports• 1-3 Midterm Exams1-3 Midterm Exams• 1 Final Exam1 Final Exam

2929


Graduation RequirementsGraduation Requirements• Must complete 128 semester hours Must complete 128 semester hours

towards degreetowards degree• Required General Engineering Courses: Required General Engineering Courses:

Calculus 1&2Calculus 1&2 Matrix AlgebraMatrix Algebra Differential EquationsDifferential Equations Engineering Problem Solving 1&2Engineering Problem Solving 1&2 Principles of ChemistryPrinciples of Chemistry Introduction to PhysicsIntroduction to Physics StaticsStatics Electrical CircuitsElectrical Circuits Mechanics of Deformable BodiesMechanics of Deformable Bodies ThermodynamicsThermodynamics

3030


Graduation Graduation RequirementsRequirements

• Must complete 21 semester hours in Must complete 21 semester hours in elective focus areaelective focus area

• 2 Design Courses2 Design Courses• Additional RequirementsAdditional Requirements

RhetoricRhetoric 15 SH of General Education Courses15 SH of General Education Courses

• HumanitiesHumanities• Social SciencesSocial Sciences

• GPA of 2.0 or higherGPA of 2.0 or higher

3131

Social LifeSocial Life

3232


TailgatingTailgating

• Saturday Saturday mornings in mornings in the fallthe fall

• 6am to 6am to game timegame time

• Students, Students, Alumni, Alumni, Faculty, FansFaculty, Fans

3333


Even Politicians TailgateEven Politicians Tailgate

3434


Kinnick StadiumKinnick Stadium

• Capacity of Capacity of 70,39770,397

• $US 90 $US 90 Million Million RenovatioRenovationn

3535

• American Society of American Society of Civil EngineersCivil Engineers

• Engineers for a Engineers for a Sustainable WorldSustainable World

• Society of Automotive Society of Automotive EngineersEngineers

• Tau Beta Pi, Chi Tau Beta Pi, Chi Epsilon, Pi Tau SigmaEpsilon, Pi Tau Sigma


Student OrganizationsStudent Organizations

3636


ASCEASCE

• Concrete Concrete CanoeCanoe

• Steel BridgeSteel Bridge• Road CleanupRoad Cleanup• Professional Professional

NetworkingNetworking• Social EventsSocial Events

3737


It Really FloatsIt Really Floats

3838


SAE Baja CarSAE Baja Car

3939

• Iowa has 33 Club SportsIowa has 33 Club Sports Aikido to Water SkiingAikido to Water Skiing Men’s and Women’s TeamsMen’s and Women’s Teams

• Often self-finance travel expensesOften self-finance travel expenses• Some teams travel all across the United Some teams travel all across the United

States to competeStates to compete


Club SportsClub Sports

4040

• Iowa Club Iowa Club Team Team (Competitive(Competitive))

• Co-ed Co-ed Recreational Recreational Summer Summer LeagueLeague


Ultimate FrisbeeUltimate Frisbee

4141


Club Ultimate FrisbeeClub Ultimate Frisbee

4242

• Like traditional Like traditional golf, except…golf, except…

• Baskets Baskets instead of instead of holesholes

• Special discs Special discs instead of instead of balls and clubsballs and clubs

• It’s free It’s free


Disc GolfDisc Golf

4343

• Pedestrian Pedestrian MallMall

• Many, many Many, many barsbars

• Bars are Bars are always always occupiedoccupied

• FAC—Friday FAC—Friday After ClassAfter Class


NightlifeNightlife

4444

• Friday Night Friday Night Concert Concert SeriesSeries

• Jazz FestJazz Fest• Large Music Large Music

FestivalsFestivals BonnarooBonnaroo LolapaloozaLolapalooza


Live MusicLive Music

4545


Outdoor RecreationOutdoor Recreation

• CampingCamping• Rock Rock

ClimbingClimbing• CanoeingCanoeing• CyclingCycling• SleddingSledding• SkiingSkiing

4646

• Register’s Annual Register’s Annual Great Bike Ride Great Bike Ride Across IowaAcross Iowa

• 8,500 Participants8,500 Participants• Average 760 km Average 760 km

RouteRoute• Ride in 7 DaysRide in 7 Days• Longest, Largest, Longest, Largest,

and Oldest and Oldest Touring Bicycle Touring Bicycle Ride in the WorldRide in the World


RAGBRAIRAGBRAI

4747

Dormitory and Dormitory and Apartment LifeApartment Life

4848

Dorm and Apartment LifeDorm and Apartment Life Dorms—On campus HousingDorms—On campus Housing• Traditional students Traditional students

usually live in the usually live in the dorms for at least dorms for at least one yearone year

• 10 dorms at Iowa10 dorms at Iowa• 140-1,000 people in 140-1,000 people in

each dorm, totaling each dorm, totaling more than 5,000 for more than 5,000 for all the dormsall the dorms

4949

Dorm and Apartment LifeDorm and Apartment Life Dorms—Costs and RulesDorms—Costs and Rules

• Room ranges from Room ranges from about $3,300-about $3,300-$8,000 per $8,000 per academic yearacademic year

• No drinking alcohol No drinking alcohol and no co-ed and no co-ed roomsrooms

• Board costs about Board costs about $2,200 per year$2,200 per year

5050

Dorm and Apartment LifeDorm and Apartment Life Inside a Dorm RoomInside a Dorm Room

5151

Dorm and Apartment LifeDorm and Apartment Life Dormitory Food CourtDormitory Food Court

5252

Dorm and Apartment LifeDorm and Apartment Life Apartments – Off campusApartments – Off campus

• Students usually live in apartments after Students usually live in apartments after their sophomore yeartheir sophomore year

• Rent -$3,500 to $8,500 per academic yearRent -$3,500 to $8,500 per academic year• Usually more freedom than dorms or Usually more freedom than dorms or

fraternity housesfraternity houses

5353

Dorm and Apartment LifeDorm and Apartment Life

Inside a Student ApartmentInside a Student Apartment

5454

Dorm and Apartment LifeDorm and Apartment Life

Fraternity Houses – Off campusFraternity Houses – Off campus• Students who are in a fraternity or sorority Students who are in a fraternity or sorority

may choose to live in their respect housemay choose to live in their respect house• Room and board cost approximately Room and board cost approximately

$3,000 per year, although membership $3,000 per year, although membership dues are also required which may also be dues are also required which may also be several thousand dollarsseveral thousand dollars

5555

Dorm and Apartment LifeDorm and Apartment Life Inside a Fraternity HouseInside a Fraternity House

5656

The University The University of Iowaof Iowa

5757


• Preparing for Graduate SchoolPreparing for Graduate School• Types of AppointmentsTypes of Appointments• Research & Course RequirementsResearch & Course Requirements• Social LifeSocial Life• Career SearchCareer Search

5858

1.1. Standard TestingStandard Testing

2.2. Statement of PurposeStatement of Purpose

3.3. TranscriptTranscript

4.4. Work ExperienceWork Experience


PreparationPreparation

5959


PreparationPreparation

• Law School Admissions Law School Admissions Test Test

• Medical College Medical College Admissions Test Admissions Test

• Graduate Management Graduate Management Admissions TestsAdmissions Tests

• Dental Admissions Test Dental Admissions Test • Graduate Record Exam Graduate Record Exam • Test Of English as Test Of English as

Foreign LanguageForeign Language

LawyersLawyers

DoctorsDoctors

Business PeopleBusiness People

DentistsDentists

Everyone ElseEveryone Else

All International All International StudentsStudents

Standardized TestStandardized Test ProfessionProfession11

6060


PreparationPreparationStatement of

PurposeIntroduce yourself

What you want to study

Why you want to study it

Career goals and objectives

How will this school help you achieve your goals?

Include Resume or Curriculum Vitae Include Resume or Curriculum Vitae detailing previous work experiencedetailing previous work experience

22 33

44

6161

• FellowshipFellowship Most competitive, awarded by large agenciesMost competitive, awarded by large agencies

• Research AssistantshipsResearch Assistantships Offered through the institution, part-time paid Offered through the institution, part-time paid

researcherresearcher

• Teaching AssistantshipsTeaching Assistantships Assist in the teaching of a course, part-time paid Assist in the teaching of a course, part-time paid

assistantassistant


AppointmentsAppointments

6262


Research/Course RequirementsResearch/Course Requirements

• 20 hours per week of research20 hours per week of research Most do more than thisMost do more than this

• Keep up with course workKeep up with course work 3 or 4 classes at a time3 or 4 classes at a time Some more demanding than othersSome more demanding than others

• Master’s DegreeMaster’s Degree 8 classes plus a thesis8 classes plus a thesis

• PhD RequirementsPhD Requirements 24 classes plus a dissertation24 classes plus a dissertation

6363

Education at IIHREducation at IIHR

6464

IIHRIIHR

Mission of IIHRMission of IIHR• Understanding of the physics Understanding of the physics

of flow and flow-related of flow and flow-related processesprocesses

• Development of analysis, Development of analysis, modeling and simulation skillsmodeling and simulation skills

• Use of state-of-the-art Use of state-of-the-art equipment, instrumentation equipment, instrumentation and computer methodsand computer methods

• Appreciation of environmental, Appreciation of environmental, economic, social and economic, social and international issuesinternational issues

• Communication skills for a Communication skills for a successful professional careersuccessful professional career

6464

Computational Fluid Dynamics

6565

IIHRIIHR

IIHR FacilitiesIIHR Facilities• Computational & Computational &

physical model physical model experimentation experimentation laboratorieslaboratories

• High speed computer High speed computer facilityfacility

• Low-turbulence wind Low-turbulence wind tunneltunnel

• Vortex-dynamics Vortex-dynamics laboratorylaboratory

• Ship model towing tankShip model towing tank• 3-D scanning elastic lidar3-D scanning elastic lidar• And many more labsAnd many more labs

6565

6666

IIHRIIHR

Research OpportunitesResearch Opportunites• Atmospheric & climate Atmospheric & climate

processesprocesses• Biofluid mechanicsBiofluid mechanics• Computational hydraulicsComputational hydraulics• Computational fluid dynamicsComputational fluid dynamics• Environmental hydraulics & Environmental hydraulics &

fluid mechanicsfluid mechanics• Hydraulic engineeringHydraulic engineering• Hydraulic-structure designHydraulic-structure design• Hydrologic engineeringHydrologic engineering• HydrometeorologyHydrometeorology• Ice mechanicsIce mechanics• Industrial & aeronautical fluid Industrial & aeronautical fluid

mechanicsmechanics

• River engineeringRiver engineering• Ship hydrodynamicsShip hydrodynamics• Urban hydrology & hydraulicsUrban hydrology & hydraulics• Watershed processes & Watershed processes &

managementmanagement• Water-resources engineering Water-resources engineering

& management& management

66

6767

IIHRIIHR

Graduate Studies FundingGraduate Studies Funding• Graduate Graduate

Research Research AssistantshipsAssistantships

• IIHR Graduate IIHR Graduate FellowshipsFellowships

• UI FellowshipsUI Fellowships• International International

fellowships (for fellowships (for short term short term graduate studies)graduate studies)

6767

6868

IIHRIIHR

Graduate Student OfficesGraduate Student Offices

6969

IIHRIIHR

Master’s Degree RequirementsMaster’s Degree Requirements• 24 Semester Hours (8 Classes) plus thesis24 Semester Hours (8 Classes) plus thesis• Must take:Must take:

Probabilistic Methods in HydroscienceProbabilistic Methods in Hydroscience Intermediate Mechanics of FluidsIntermediate Mechanics of Fluids Flow in Open ChannelsFlow in Open Channels HydrometeorologyHydrometeorology

• Must also take 4 other electivesMust also take 4 other electives• Dozens of electives to choose fromDozens of electives to choose from

7070

IIHRIIHR

Ph.D. RequirementsPh.D. Requirements• 90 Semester Hours plus dissertation90 Semester Hours plus dissertation• Up to 25 hours may be for researchUp to 25 hours may be for research• Examples of other courses offered:Examples of other courses offered:

Coastal HydrodynamicsCoastal Hydrodynamics Environmental Dispersion ProcessesEnvironmental Dispersion Processes Computational HydraulicsComputational Hydraulics Viscous FlowViscous Flow Inviscid FlowInviscid Flow

7171


Students of IIHRStudents of IIHR

• Regularly go out Regularly go out for pizzafor pizza

• Monthly “bigger” Monthly “bigger” activityactivity Ski tripSki trip Visit to historical site in Visit to historical site in

hydraulicshydraulics

7272



7373



• Oldest Oldest hydroelectric hydroelectric plant in the plant in the worldworld

• Located on Located on the Mississippi the Mississippi River, 1.5 River, 1.5 hours from hours from IIHR- Hydro-IIHR- Hydro-science and science and EngineeringEngineering

7474 7474



7575 7575

Career SearchCareer Search

• The lab is well-networkedThe lab is well-networked• Employers often contact professors Employers often contact professors

looking for graduateslooking for graduates• Many go into consultingMany go into consulting• Minimum salaryMinimum salary

Usually at least $50,000 per yearUsually at least $50,000 per year

7676

College Life in the College Life in the U.S.U.S.

Questions?Questions?Ryan AsmanRyan Asman Nicole NyugenNicole NyugenHolly MoriarityHolly Moriarity Michael Michael SchaeferSchaefer

May 2007May 2007http://www.iihr.uiowa.eduhttp://www.iihr.uiowa.edu

Water Resources and Education in the United States, The University of Iowa, and IIHR An Overview...

Documents

Transcript of Water Resources and Education in the United States, The University of Iowa, and IIHR An Overview...