Water Requirement of Irrigated Garliccetulare.ucdavis.edu/files/32423.pdf · Conclusions Water...
Transcript of Water Requirement of Irrigated Garliccetulare.ucdavis.edu/files/32423.pdf · Conclusions Water...
Water Requirement of Water Requirement of Irrigated GarlicIrrigated Garlic
James E. AyarsJames E. AyarsUSDA-ARS WMRUSDA-ARS WMR
OutlineOutline
IntroductionIntroduction Project OverviewProject Overview ResultsResults ConclusionsConclusions
ConclusionsConclusions
Water requirement for garlic 425 mm (16-Water requirement for garlic 425 mm (16-17 inches)17 inches)
No difference in yield between 100 and No difference in yield between 100 and 125% Et125% Etc c
Significant difference below 100% EtcSignificant difference below 100% Etc Peak KPeak Kcc – 1.3 – 1.3
IntroductionIntroduction
Shift in cropping patterns on west side of the Shift in cropping patterns on west side of the San Joaquin ValleySan Joaquin Valley Reduction in water supplyReduction in water supply Loss of drainage water disposal capacityLoss of drainage water disposal capacity
Short season low water requirement cropsShort season low water requirement crops LettuceLettuce PeppersPeppers GarlicGarlic
No water requirement data for vegetable crop No water requirement data for vegetable crop grown in this areagrown in this area
Materials and MethodsMaterials and Methods
Replicated trial - split plot with 4 repsReplicated trial - split plot with 4 reps 3 irrigation systems3 irrigation systems
Flood/dripFlood/drip Surface drip (SD)Surface drip (SD) Subsurface drip – buried 20 cm (SSD) (8 inches)Subsurface drip – buried 20 cm (SSD) (8 inches)
4 irrigation levels4 irrigation levels 50, 75, 100, 125% of ETc50, 75, 100, 125% of ETc
Planted October 10, 2005 and Harvest July 12-Planted October 10, 2005 and Harvest July 12-18, 200618, 2006
Sprinkled for germinationSprinkled for germination
BB BB L3 L4 L2 L1
M1
L1 L4 L3 L2
M2
L4 L3 L1 L2
M3
Replication I
L1 L2 L3 L4
M2
L1 L4 L2 L3
M1
L3 L1 L4 L2
M3
Replication II
L4 L2 L3 L1
M3
L3 L2 L1 L4
M2
L2 L4 L3 L1
M1
Replication III
L1 L2 L4 L3
M3
L2 L1 L3 L4
M1
L2 L1 L3 L4
M2
Replication IV
Fig. 1. Vegetable crop field layout at the University of California West Side Research and Education Center located near Five Points, CA. Split plot design with three irrigation methods (M1, M2, M3) as main plots and four irrigation levels (L1, L2, L3, L4) as subplots, in four replications. Each subplot is 270 feet long and consists of four 40-inch wide beds. Irrigation levels are based on a percentage of the crop lysimeter evapotranspiration (ET lys). M1 = furrow, M2 = surface drip, and M3 = subsurface drip; L1 = 50% ETlys, L2 = 75% ETlys, L3 = 100% ETlys, and L4 = 125% ETlys. B = border rows.
North
M and M Cont’dM and M Cont’d
Soil – Panoche silt clay loamSoil – Panoche silt clay loam Weighing lysimeter used to measure Etc Weighing lysimeter used to measure Etc Irrigation Management Irrigation Management
Accumulate 1 mm ETc to irrigate Lysimeter and SSDAccumulate 1 mm ETc to irrigate Lysimeter and SSD Accumulate 2 mm ETc to irrigate drip field (SD)Accumulate 2 mm ETc to irrigate drip field (SD) Flood/drip irrigated weekly equal to accumulated EtcFlood/drip irrigated weekly equal to accumulated Etc
ETc accumulation modified by irrigation treatmentETc accumulation modified by irrigation treatment CIMIS weather station used for reference ET CIMIS weather station used for reference ET Weighing grass lysimeter also used for reference ETWeighing grass lysimeter also used for reference ET Canopy cover measured with IR cameraCanopy cover measured with IR camera
CIMIS StationCIMIS Station
Grass Lysimeter
Photographing Canopy Photographing Canopy SizeSize
ResultsResults
25 50 75 100 125 150
Irrigation Treatments
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
App
lied
Wat
er (m
m)
Flood/dripSurface DripSubsurface Drip
4/13/06 4/23/06 5/3/06 5/13/06 5/23/06 6/2/06 6/12/06 6/22/06 7/2/06
Date
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
Soi
l Wta
ter C
onte
nt (%
)
Depth 10 cm20 cm3O cm40 cm50 cm60 cm80 cm100 cm
M1L1 M1L2 M1L3 M1L4 M2L1 M2L2 M2L3 M2L4 M3L1 M3L2 M3L3 M3L4
Irrigation Treatments
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
Yiel
d (M
g/ha
)
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Bulb w
eight (kg/100)
YieldBulb weight
Flood
SD
SSD
Market Yield, total weight, cull weight Market Yield, total weight, cull weight an soluble solids by irrigation levelan soluble solids by irrigation level
Irrigation Irrigation Level Level % ET% ETcc
Market YieldMarket Yield(Mg/ha)(Mg/ha)
Total WeightTotal Weight(Mg/ha)(Mg/ha)
Cull WtCull Wt(Mg/ha)(Mg/ha)
Soluble SolidsSoluble Solids(%)(%)
5050 13.15*13.15* 20.16*20.16* 1.29*1.29* 36.61*36.61*
7575 16.70*16.70* 23.76*23.76* 1.09*1.09* 36.63*36.63*
100100 19.8019.80 26.9526.95 0.80.8 35.8635.86
125125 20.1720.17 27.6527.65 0.870.87 35.1235.12
SESE 488488 0.570.57 0.060.06 0.2130.213
*Significantly < 100% ETc by Dunnett’s one tailed test (p<0.05)
Soluble Solids and Bulb Weight by SystemSoluble Solids and Bulb Weight by System
Irrigation TypeIrrigation Type Soluble Solids Soluble Solids (%)(%)MeanMean
100 Bulb Weight 100 Bulb Weight (kg) Mean(kg) Mean
SE (bulb weight)SE (bulb weight)
FloodFlood 35.94a35.94a 4.82a4.82a 0.310.31
Surface DripSurface Drip 35.58a35.58a 4.98ab4.98ab 0.440.44
Subsurface dripSubsurface drip 36.89b36.89b 5.22b5.22b 0.310.31
SE (SS%)SE (SS%) 0.180.18
Means not followed by the same letter are significantly different (p<0.5) by Tukey’s multiple range test
2/22/06 3/4/06 3/14/06 3/24/06 4/3/06 4/13/06 4/23/06 5/3/06 5/13/06 5/23/06Date
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
ET
(mm
/day
)
ETo- CIMISETo- GrassRain
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
24
Rainfall D
epth (mm
)
2/22/06 3/4/06 3/14/06 3/24/06 4/3/06 4/13/06 4/23/06 5/3/06 5/13/06 5/23/06
Date
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
ET (m
m/d
ay)
ETc- Crop LysimeterRain
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
24
26
28
Rainfall D
epth (mm
)
2/22/06 3/4/06 3/14/06 3/24/06 4/3/06 4/13/06 4/23/06 5/3/06 5/13/06 5/23/06 6/2/06
Date
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7
Cro
p co
effic
ient
(Kc)
kC-CIMISKc -Grass ReferenceCrop cover
ConclusionsConclusions
Water requirement for garlic 425 mm (16 Water requirement for garlic 425 mm (16 – 17 inches)– 17 inches)
No difference in yield between 100 and No difference in yield between 100 and 125% Et125% Etcc
Significant difference below 100% EtcSignificant difference below 100% Etc Peak KPeak Kcc – 1.3 – 1.3
AcknowledgementsAcknowledgements
Mr. Jim GartungMr. Jim Gartung California Department of Water ResourcesCalifornia Department of Water Resources California State University, Fresno – California State University, Fresno –
Agricultural Research InitiativeAgricultural Research Initiative