WATER IN ARCHITECTUREWater is a scarce commodity and needs to be

treated as such.Fresh water availability on earth is only 0.7%

of the total water available to man.The world is using water faster than it can

store or produce, hence, to survive, judicious water use and understanding the need to conserve this commodity has to be of primary importance.

In conclusion, water needs to be saved, stored and reused.

RELEVANCE OF WATER IN DESIGNIt is necessary for designers like architects and

builders to include water control into design of buildings, complexes, hospitals, townships etc.

Water can make or mar the design based on your integration of this necessity into your thought process.

Water distribution, use and reuse will determine the success of the design to an end user.

Most architects will disrespect the above, as not or less important in their designs..

Household Wastewater Sources

Typical reuse application One of 6 (500 p.e.)

prefab treatment systems upstream Taipei, Taiwan. The systems are installed in difficult to reach mountain areas to treat sewage as per WHO standards. The river shown is the drinking water source for the millions of inhabitants city of Taipei.

WHY REUSE?Water reuse is of paramount importance today

considering the depleting natural resources, increasing population etc.

Conservation and reuse is now no longer an option, but a grim necessity.

States have now resorted to legislation to enforce water reuse, as municipalities are no longer able to adequately service the growing population needs for water, especially in urban areas.

REUSE IN BUILDINGSReuse is possible for toilet flushing, shower

gardening etc.Separate plumbing needs to be done to divert

water to and from the treatment unit.Treatment unit can be on terrace of building,

or underground ( under car park etc.)Space required is minimal.

SOURCES & APPLICATIONS

Rainwater Harvesting And Utilisation Rainwater harvesting, in its broadest sense,

is a technology used for collecting and storing rainwater for human use from rooftops, land surfaces or rock catchments using simple techniques such as jars and pots as well as engineered techniques. Rainwater harvesting has been practiced for more than 200 years

SBR is an activated sludge wastewater treatment system for removing dissolved and suspended organic materials and nutrients. In SBR, all operations such as aeration, settling and decanting are achieved in a single tank

Sewage and/or Grey water is fed through a screen to remove large solid waste, and then to the SBR tank where by aeration all dissolved impurities are removed. It is then passed through a sand filter to remove any traces of solids. The treated water is then disinfected by dosage of Hypochlorite solution(or alternatives like UV radiation), and is then ready for reuse.

RECYCLING OF SEWAGE / GREY WATER BY SBR PROCESS

SBR Overview

Wastewater fills the tank, mixing with biomass that settles during the previous cycle

Air is added to the tank to aid biologial growth and facilitate subsequent waste reduction

Mixing and aeration stop during this stage to allow solids to settle to the bottom of the tank

Clarified effluent is discharged.

If necessary, sludge removal occurs during this stage.

A. Influent. B.Pumppit.C.Feedpump.D. Screen.E.Baffle accessible screening chamber. F.G.H.Levelcontrols for SBR process. J.Unique effluent discharge system. K. Disinfection / storage chamber. L.Fine bubble diffusers. M.Neutralizer dosing. P. Effluent discharge.

TYPICAL SCHEMATIC FLOW DIAGRAM FORAPARTMENTS

BARSCREEN

PSF

ACF

AIRBLOWER

SLUDGE TRANSFERPUMP

SLUDGE FORDISPOSAL

TOILET INLET LINE

TOILET OUTLET LINE

FILTER FEED PUMP

SEQUENTIALBATCH

REACTORFILTER

FEEDSUMP

TYPICAL SCHEMATIC FLOW DIAGRAM

OVER HEAD SUMP

APARTMENT-1

APARTMENT-2

APARTMENT-3

APARTMENT-4

TOILET-1

TOILET-2

TOILET-3

TOILET-4

TOILETS

OUTLET

SBR IN HOTEL / APARMENTS

Capacity: 500 people

Size: 12m x 2m x 2m Capacity:1500 people

SEWAGE TREATMENT BY SBRSBR is a unique process to treat sewage and

to recycle the treated water for flushing and gardening, etc.

This is ideal for apartments, villas, resorts, golfcourses, hotels etc.

This system is also practical for remote individual homes and villages.

Fine bubble diffuser aeration

Typical SBR application

Prefab extended aeration activated sludge systems for Austrian village capacity: 150 p.e.

Influent BOD: ≥250 mg/l

Effluent BOD: ≤ 15 mg/l.

Design outside temperature: minus 150 C.

Typical SBR applicationTwo (2) x 500 p.e

prefab systems for the treatment of sewage water from a refugee camp in Slovenia. The systems are designed to operate at minus 200 C in winter time. Effluent BOD: ≤ 15 mg/l

Typical SBR application

SBR wastewater treatment system installed at ski resort, high in the mountains, in Switzerland.

SBR system for remote village in Austria.

Capacity: 30 m3/day serving 200 people.

System in operation since 1993.

Typical SBR applicationThree (3) x 500 p.e. prefab systems to treat sewage at drilling and production sites of Petroleum Development Oman (PDO).The systems are designed to operate at outside temperatures of : 400 C in daylight time and < 50 C at night time. Effluent BOD: ≤ 15 mg/l.

Redox Environment B.V.Technology Solutions Group

SBR BENEFITSALL PROCESSES SUCH AS AERATION,

NITRIFICATION, DENITRIFICATION, SEDIMENTATION, SLUDGE THICKENING AND STABILISATION IN A SINGLE UNIT

LESS EXCESS SLUDGE DUE TO MAXIMUM MINERALISATION- THEREFORE SLUDGE HANDLING IS SIMPLER

HYDRAULIC FLEXIBILITY - CAN EASILY TAKE SHOCK LOADS

UV Disinfection solutions can be used in conjunction with the following types of domestic sewage treatment plants: (amongst others )Sequential Batch Reactor (SBR) - also designed to provide full biological treatment to crude sewage produced in a normal domestic environment. These units are usually installed in situations where there is no public sewer and where a septic tank or equal is not environmentally acceptable

Process scheme of WWTP followed by UV radiation