Water Quality Standards for Designated Uses (1) …Water Quality Standards for Designated Uses...

regulate human activities that result in alterations to waters withinthe state’s jurisdiction:

Water Quality Standards for Designated Uses

POLLUTANT & WATER USE CRITERIA

(1) COLOR, FOR FRESHWATER USES (see note 8)

(A) Water supply(i) drinking, culinary, and

food processing

May not exceed 15 color units or the natural condition,whichever is greater.

(A) Water Supply(ii) agriculture, including

irrigation and stockwatering

Not applicable.

(A) Water Supply(iii) aquaculture


(A) Water Supply(iv) industrial

May not cause detrimental effects on established watersupply treatment levels.

(B) Water Recreation(i) contact recreation

Same as (l)(A)(i).

(B) Water Recreation(ii) secondary recreation

May not interfere with or make the water unfit or unsafe forthe use.

(C) Growth and Propagation ofFish, Shellfish, Other AquaticLife, and Wildlife

Color or apparent color may not reduce the depth of thecompensation point for photosynthetic activity by more than10% from the seasonally established norm for aquatic life.For all waters without a seasonally established norm foraquatic life, color or apparent color may not exceed 50 colorunits or the natural condition, whichever is greater.

18 AAC 70.020 ENVIRONMENTAL CONSERVATION 18 AAC 70.020

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(2) FECAL COLIFORMBACTERIA (FC), FORFRESH WATER USES (seenote 1)

(A) Water Supply(i) drinking, culinary, and

food processing

In a 30-day period, the geometric mean may not exceed 20FC/100 ml, and not more than 10% of the samples mayexceed 40 FC/100 ml. For groundwater, the FC concentrationmust be less than 1 FC/100 ml, using the fecal coliformMembrane Filter Technique, or less than 3 FC/100 ml, usingthe fecal coliform most probable number (MPN) technique.



The geometric mean of samples taken in a 30-day period maynot exceed 200 FC/100 ml, and not more than 10% of theirrigation and stock samples may exceed 400 FC/100 ml. Forproducts not normally cooked and for dairy sanitation ofunpasteurized products, the criteria for drinking watersupply, (2)(A)(i), apply.


For products normally cooked, the geometric mean of samplestaken in a 30-day period may not exceed 200 FC/100 ml, andnot more than 10% of the samples may exceed 400 FC/100ml. For products not normally cooked, the criteria fordrinking water supply, (2)(A)(i), apply.


Where worker contact is present, the geometric mean ofsamples taken in a 30-day period may not exceed 200 FC/100ml, and not more than 10% of the samples may exceed 400FC/100 ml.


In a 30-day period, the geometric mean of samples may notexceed 100 FC/100 ml, and not more than one sample, ormore than 10% of the samples if there are more than 10samples, may exceed 200 FC/100 ml.


In a 30-day period, the geometric mean of samples may notexceed 200 FC/100 ml, and not more than 10% of the totalsamples may exceed 400 FC/100 ml.


Not applicable.

18 AAC 70.020 ADMINISTRATIVE CODE SUPPLEMENT 18 AAC 70.020

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(3) DISSOLVED GAS, FORFRESH WATER USES


food processing

Dissolved oxygen (D.O.) must be greater than or equal to 4mg/l (this does not apply to lakes or reservoirs in whichsupplies are taken from below the thermocline, or togroundwater).

Water Supply(ii) agriculture, including


D.O. must be greater than 3 mg/l in surface waters.


D.O. must be greater than 7 mg/l in surface waters. Theconcentration of total dissolved gas may not exceed 110% ofsaturation at any point of sample collection.




D.O. must be greater than or equal to 4 mg/l.


Same as (3)(B)(1).


D.O. must be greater than 7 mg/l in waters used byanadromous or resident fish. In no case may D.O. be lessthan 5 mg/l to a depth of 20 cm in the interstitial waters ofgravel used by anadromous or resident fish for spawning (seenote 2). For waters not used by anadromous or resident fish,D.O. must be greater than or equal to 5 mg/l. In no case mayD.O. be greater than 17 mg/l. The concentration of totaldissolved gas may not exceed 110% of saturation at any pointof sample collection.


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(4) DISSOLVED INORGANICSUBSTANCES, FORFRESH WATER USES


food processing

Total dissolved solids (TDS) from all sources may not exceed500 mg/l. Neither chlorides nor sulfates may exceed 250 mg/l.



TDS may not exceed 1,000 mg/l. Sodium adsorption ratiomust be less than 2.5, sodium percentage less than 60%, andresidual carbonate less than 1.25 milliequivalents/liter (seenote 6).


TDS may not exceed 1,000 mg/l. A concentration of TDS maynot be present in water if that concentration causes orreasonably could be expected to cause an adverse effect toaquatic life (see note 12).


No amounts above natural conditions that can causecorrosion, scaling, or process problems.


Not applicable.


Not applicable.


Same as (4)(A)(iii).


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(5) PETROLEUMHYDROCARBONS, OILSAND GREASE, FORFRESH WATER USES


food processing

May not cause a visible sheen upon the surface of the water.May not exceed concentrations that individually or incombination impart odor or taste as determined byorganoleptic tests.



May not cause a visible sheen upon the surface of the water.


Total aqueous hydrocarbons (TAqH) in the water column maynot exceed 15 µg/l (see note 7). Total aromatic hydrocarbons(TAH) in the water column may not exceed 10 µg/l (see note7). There may be no concentrations of petroleumhydrocarbons, animal fats, or vegetable oils in shoreline orbottom sediments that cause deleterious effects to aquaticlife. Surface waters and adjoining shorelines must bevirtually free from floating oil, film, sheen, or discoloration.


May not make the water unfit or unsafe for the use.


May not cause a film, sheen, or discoloration on the surfaceor floor of the waterbody or adjoining shorelines. Surfacewaters must be virtually free from floating oils.


Same as (5)(B)(i).




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(6) pH, FOR FRESH WATERUSES (variation of pH forwaters naturally outsidethe specified range mustbe toward the range)


food processing

May not be less than 6.0 or greater than 8.5.





May not be less than 6.5 or greater than 8.5. May not varymore than 0.5 pH unit from natural conditions.




May not be less than 6.5 or greater than 8.5. If the naturalcondition pH is outside this range, substances may not beadded that cause an increase in the buffering capacity of thewater.


Same as (6)(A)(iv)


May not be less than 6.5 or greater than 8.5. May not varymore than 0.5 pH unit from natural conditions.


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(7) RADIOACTIVITY, FORFRESH WATER USES


food processing

May not exceed the concentrations specified in Table I of theAlaska Water Quality Criteria Manual (see note 5) forradioactive contaminants and may not exceed limits specifiedin 10 C.F.R. 20 (see note 9) and National Bureau ofStandards, Handbook 69 (see note 10).



Same as (7)(A)(i).


Same as (7)(A)(i) except that concentration factors fororganisms involved may not exceed maximum permissiblelimits for specific radioisotopes and unidentified mixtures asestablished by 10 C.F.R. 20 (see note 9) and National Bureauof Standards, Handbook 69 (see note 10).


Same as (7)(A)(i).


Same as (7)(A)(i).


Same as (7)(A)(i).




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(8) RESIDUES, FOR FRESHWATER USES: Floatingsolids, debris, sludge,deposits, foam, scum, orother residues (criteriaare not applicable togroundwater) (See note13)


food processing

Residues are not allowed in surface waters of the state, inconcentrations or amounts that have the following effects:may impair designated uses; cause nuisance or objectionableconditions; result in undesirable or nuisance species; orproduce objectionable odor or taste.



Same as (8)(A)(i).


Same as (8)(A)(i).


Same as (8)(A)(i).


Same as (8)(A)(i).


Same as (8)(A)(i).


Residues are not allowed in surface waters of the state, inconcentrations or amounts that have the following effects:may impair designated uses; cause nuisance or objectionableconditions; or result in undesirable or nuisance species.


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(9) SEDIMENT, FOR FRESHWATER USES (criteria arenot applicable togroundwater)


food processing

No measurable increase in concentration of settleable solidsabove natural conditions, as measured by the volumetricImhoff cone method (see note 11).



For sprinkler irrigation, water must be free of particles of0.074 mm or coarser. For irrigation or water spreading, maynot exceed 200 mg/1 for an extended period of time.


No imposed loads that will interfere with established watersupply treatment levels.




Same as (9)(A)(i).


May not pose hazards to incidental human contact or causeinterference with the use.


The percent accumulation of fine sediment in the range of 0.1mm to 4.0 mm in the gravel bed of waters used byanadromous or resident fish for spawning may not beincreased more than 5% by weight above natural conditions(as shown from grain size accumulation graph). In no casemay the 0.1 mm to 4.0 mm fine sediment range in thosegravel beds exceed a maximum of 30% by weight (as shownfrom grain size accumulation graph) (see notes 3 and 4). Inall other surface waters no sediment loads (suspended ordeposited) that can cause adverse effects on aquatic animalor plant life, their reproduction or habitat may be present.


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(10) TEMPERATURE, FORFRESH WATER USES


food processing

May not exceed 15° C.





May not exceed 20° C at any time. The following maximumtemperatures may not be exceeded, where applicable:

Migration routes 15° CSpawning areas 13° CRearing areas 15° CEgg & fry incubation 13° C

For all other waters, the weekly average temperature maynot exceed site-specific requirements needed to preservenormal species diversity or to prevent appearance of nuisanceorganisms.




Same as (10)(A)(ii).


Not applicable.




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(11) TOXIC AND OTHERDELETERIOUS ORGANICAND INORGANICSUBSTANCES, FORFRESH WATER USES


food processing

The concentration of substances in water may not exceed thenumeric criteria for drinking water and human health forconsumption of water and aquatic organisms shown in theAlaska Water Quality Criteria Manual (see note 5).Substances may not be introduced at concentrations thatcause, or can reasonably be expected to cause, either singlyor in combination, odor, taste, or other adverse effects on theuse.



The concentration of substances in water may not exceed thenumeric criteria for drinking water and stockwater andirrigation water shown in the Alaska Water Quality CriteriaManual (see note 5). Substances may not be introduced atconcentrations that cause, or can reasonably be expected tocause, either singly or in combination, odor, taste, or otheradverse effects on the use.


Same as (11)(C).


Concentrations of substances that pose hazards to workercontact may not be present.


The concentration of substances in water may not exceed thenumeric criteria for drinking water shown in the AlaskaWater Quality Criteria Manual (see note 5). Substances maynot be introduced at concentrations that cause, or canreasonably be expected to cause, either singly or incombination, odor, taste, or other adverse effects on the use.


Concentrations of substances that pose hazards to incidentalhuman contact may not be present.


The concentration of substances in water may not exceed thenumeric criteria for aquatic life for fresh water and humanhealth for consumption of aquatic organisms only shown inthe Alaska Water Quality Criteria Manual (see note 5), orany chronic and acute criteria established in this chapter, fora toxic pollutant of concern, to protect sensitive andbiologically important life stages of resident species of thisstate. There may be no concentrations of toxic substances inwater or in shoreline or bottom sediments, that, singly or incombination, cause, or reasonably can be expected to cause,adverse effects on aquatic life or produce undesirable ornuisance aquatic life, except as authorized by this chapter.Substances may not be present in concentrations thatindividually or in combination impart undesirable odor ortaste to fish or other aquatic organisms, as determined byeither bioassay or organoleptic tests.


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(12) TURBIDITY, FORFRESH WATER USES(criteria are notapplicable togroundwater)


food processing

May not exceed 5 nephelometric turbidity units (NTU) abovenatural conditions when the natural turbidity is 50 NTU orless, and may not have more than 10% increase in turbiditywhen the natural turbidity is more than 50 NTU, not toexceed a maximum increase of 25 NTU.



May not cause detrimental effects on indicated use.


May not exceed 25 NTU above natural conditions. For alllake waters, may not exceed 5 NTU above natural conditions.




May not exceed 5 NTU above natural conditions when thenatural turbidity is 50 NTU or less, and may not have morethan 10% increase in turbidity when the natural turbidity ismore than 50 NTU, not to exceed a maximum increase of 15NTU. May not exceed 5 NTU above natural turbidity for alllake waters.


May not exceed 10 NTU above natural conditions whennatural turbidity is 50 NTU or less, and may not have morethan 20% increase in turbidity when the natural turbidity isgreater than 50 NTU, not to exceed a maximum increase of15 NTU. For all lake waters, turbidity may not exceed 5NTU above natural turbidity.




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(13) COLOR, FOR MARINEWATER USES (see note 8)

(A) Water Supply(i) aquaculture


(A) Water Supply(ii) seafood processing


(A) Water Supply(iii) industrial

Not applicable.




Surface waters must be free of substances that produceobjectionable color.


Color or apparent color may not reduce the depth of thecompensation point for photosynthetic activity by more than10% from the seasonally established norm for aquatic life.For all waters without a seasonally established norm foraquatic life, color or apparent color may not exceed 50 colorunits or the natural condition, whichever is greater.

(D) Harvesting for Consumptionof Raw Mollusks or OtherRaw Aquatic Life

Same as (13)(C).


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(14) FECAL COLIFORMBACTERIA (FC), FORMARINE WATER USES(see note 1)


For products normally cooked, the geometric mean of samplestaken in a 30-day period may not exceed 200 FC/100 ml, andnot more than 10% of the samples may exceed 400 FC/100ml. For products not normally cooked, the geometric mean ofsamples taken in a 30-day period may not exceed 20 FC/100ml, and not more than 10% of the samples may exceed 40FC/100 ml.


In a 30-day period, the geometric mean of samples may notexceed 20 FC/100 ml, and not more than 10% of the samplesmay exceed 40 FC/100 ml.


Where worker contact is present, the geometric mean ofsamples taken in a 30-day period may not exceed 200 FC/100ml, and not more than 10% of the samples may exceed 400FC/100 ml.


In a 30-day period, the geometric mean of samples may notexceed 100 FC/100 ml, and not more than one sample, ormore than 10% of the samples if there are more than 10samples, may exceed 200 FC/100 ml.


In a 30-day period, the geometric mean of samples may notexceed 200 FC/100 ml, and not more than 10% of the samplesmay exceed 400 FC/100 ml.


Not applicable.


Based on a 5-tube decimal dilution test, the fecal coliformmedian MPN may not exceed 14 FC/100 ml, and not morethan 10% of the samples may exceed a fecal coliform medianMPN of 43 FC/100 ml.


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(15) DISSOLVED GAS, FORMARINE WATER USES


Surface dissolved oxygen (D.O.) concentration in coastalwater may not be less than 6.0 mg/l for a depth of one meterexcept when natural conditions cause this value to bedepressed. D.O. may not be reduced below 4 mg/l at anypoint beneath the surface. D.O. concentrations in estuariesand tidal tributaries may not be less than 5.0 mg/l exceptwhere natural conditions cause this value to be depressed. Inno case may D.O. levels exceed 17 mg/l. The concentration oftotal dissolved gas may not exceed 110% of saturation at anypoint of sample collection.


Not applicable.


Not applicable.


Same as (15)(A)(i).


Same as (15)(A)(i).


Same as (15)(A)(i).


Same as (15)(A)(i).


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(16) DISSOLVEDINORGANICSUBSTANCES, FORMARINE WATER USES


Human-induced alteration may not cause a change in thewater’s isohaline patterns of more than ±-10% of the naturalvariations.


Not applicable.


No amounts above natural conditions that can causecorrosion, scaling, or process problems.


Not applicable.


Not applicable.


Maximum allowable variation above natural salinity:

Natural Human-InducedSalinity* Salinity*

0.0 to 3.5 1Greater than 3.5 to 13.5 2Greater than 13.5 to 35.5 4

* parts per thousand


Same as (16)(A)(i) or (16)(C), whichever is more stringent.


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(17) PETROLEUMHYDROCARBBONS, OILSAND GREASE, FORMARINE WATER USES


Total aqueous hydrocarbons (TAqH) in the water column maynot exceed 15 µg/l (see note 7). Total aromatic hydrocarbons(TAH) in the water column may not exceed 10 µg/l (see note7). There may be no concentrations of petroleumhydrocarbons, animal fats, or vegetable oils in shoreline orbottom sediments that cause deleterious effects to aquaticlife. Surface waters and adjoining shorelines must bevirtually free from floating oil, film, sheen, or discoloration.


May not cause a film, sheen, or discoloration on the surfaceor floor of the waterbody or adjoining shorelines. Surfacewaters must be virtually free from floating oils. May notexceed concentrations that individually or in combinationimpart odor or taste as determined by organoleptic tests.


May not make the water unfit or unsafe for the use.


May not cause a film, sheen, or discoloration on the surfaceor floor of the waterbody or adjoining shorelines. Surfacewaters must be virtually free from floating oils.


Same as (17)(B)(i).


Same as (17)(A)(i).


May not exceed concentrations that individually or incombination impart undesirable odor or taste to organisms asdetermined by bioassay or organoleptic tests.


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(18) pH, FOR MARINEWATER USES (variation ofpH for waters naturallyoutside the specified rangemust be toward the range)


May not be less than 6.5 or greater than 8.5, and may notvary more than 0.2 pH unit outside of the naturally occurringrange.






May not be less than 6.0 or greater than 8.5. If the naturalpH condition is outside this range, substances may not beadded that cause any increase in buffering capacity of thewater.




Same as (18)(A)(i).




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(19) RADIOACTIVITY, FORMARINE WATER USES


May not exceed the concentrations specified in Table I of theAlaska Water Quality Criteria Manual (see note 5) forradioactive contaminants. Concentration factors fororganisms involved may not exceed maximum permissiblelimits for specific radioisotopes and unidentified mixtures asestablished in 10 C.F.R. 20 (see note 9) and National Bureauof Standards, Handbook 69 (see note 10).


May not exceed the concentrations specified in Table I of theAlaska Water Quality Criteria Manual (see note 5) forradioactive contaminants and may not exceed limits specifiedin 10 C.F.R. 20 (see note 9) or National Bureau of Standards,Handbook 69 (see note 10).








Same as (19)(A)(i).


Same as (19)(A)(i).


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(20) RESIDUES, FORMARINE WATER USES:Floating solids, debris,sludge, deposits, foam,scum, or other residues(See note 13)


Residues are not allowed in surface waters of the state, inconcentrations or amounts that have the following effects:may impair designated uses; cause nuisance or objectionableconditions; result in undesirable or nuisance species; orproduce objectionable odor or taste.


Same as (20)(A)(i).


Same as (20)(A)(i).


Same as (20)(A)(i).


Same as (20)(A)(i).


Residues are not allowed in surface waters of the state, inconcentrations or amounts that have the following effects:may impair designated uses; cause nuisance or objectionableconditions; or result in undesirable or nuisance species.


Same as (20)(A)(i).


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(21) SEDIMENT, FORMARINE WATER USES


No imposed loads that will interfere with established watersupply treatment levels.


Below normally detectable amounts.


Same as (21)(A)(i).


No measurable increase in concentration of settleable solidsabove natural conditions, as measured by the volumetricImhoff cone method (see note 11).


May not pose hazards to incidental human contact or causeinterference with the use.


Same as (21)(B)(i).


Not applicable.


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(22) TEMPERATURE, FORMARINE WATER USES


May not cause the weekly average temperature to increasemore than 1° C. The maximum rate of change may notexceed 0.5° C per hour. Normal daily temperature cycles maynot be altered in amplitude or frequency.






Not applicable.


Not applicable.


Same as (22)(A)(i).


Same as (22)(A)(i).


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(23) TOXIC AND OTHERDELETERIOUS ORGANICAND INORGANICSUBSTANCES, FORMARINE WATER USES


Same as (23)(C).


The concentration of substances in water may not exceed thenumeric criteria for aquatic life for marine water shown inthe Alaska Water Quality Criteria Manual (see note 5).Substances may not be introduced at concentrations thatcause, or can reasonably be expected to cause, either singlyor in combination, odor, taste, or other adverse effects on theuse.


Concentrations of substances that pose hazards to workercontact may not be present.


There may be no concentrations of substances in water, thatalone or in combination with other substances, make thewater unfit or unsafe for the use.


Concentrations of substances that pose hazards to incidentalhuman contact may not be present.


The concentration of substances in water may not exceed thenumeric criteria for aquatic life for marine water and humanhealth for consumption of aquatic organisms only shown inthe Alaska Water Quality Criteria Manual (see note 5), orany chronic and acute criteria established in this chapter, fora toxic pollutant of concern, to protect sensitive andbiologically important life stages of resident species of thisstate. There may be no concentrations of toxic substances inwater or in shoreline or bottom sediments, that, singly or incombination, cause, or reasonably can be expected to cause,adverse effects on aquatic life or produce undesirable ornuisance aquatic life, except as authorized by this chapter.Substances may not be present in concentrations thatindividually or in combination impart undesirable odor ortaste to fish or other aquatic organisms, as determined byeither bioassay or organoleptic tests.


Same as (23)(C).


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(24) TURBIDITY, FORMARINE WATER USES


May not exceed 25 nephelometric turbidity units (NTU).


May not interfere with disinfection.


May not cause detrimental effects on established levels ofwater supply treatment.


Same as (24)(A)(i).


Same as (24)(A)(i).


May not reduce the depth of the compensation point forphotosynthetic activity by more than 10%. May not reducethe maximum secchi disk depth by more than 10%.


Same as (24)(C).


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Water Quality Standards for Designated Uses (1) …Water Quality Standards for Designated Uses...

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