Water Pollution How water polluted in world? Effects of water pollution.
Water Pollution. Types of Water Pollution Effect of sewage on dissolved oxygen and biological oxygen...
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Transcript of Water Pollution. Types of Water Pollution Effect of sewage on dissolved oxygen and biological oxygen...
Water Pollution
Types of Water Pollution• Effect of sewage on dissolved oxygen and
biological oxygen demand
Types of Water Pollution• Eutrophication: An Enrichment Problem
Oligotrophic lake
Types of Water Pollution
• Eutrophication: An Enrichment Problem
Eutrophic lake
Types of Water Pollution• Sediment Pollution
Low sediment load
Types of Water Pollution• Sediment Pollution
High sediment load
Types of Water Pollution
• Inorganic Plant and Algal Nutrients
• The Dead Zone in the Gulf of Mexico
Water Quality Today• Municipal Water Pollution
Water Quality TodayGroundwater Pollution
Improving Water Quality
• Purification of Drinking Water
• General process:
Collected from reservoir or ground water.
Improving Water Quality
• Purification of Drinking Water
• General process:
Water treated
Improving Water Quality
• Purification of Drinking Water
• General process:
Distributed to customers
Wastewater collected as sewage
Improving Water Quality• Purification of Drinking Water
• General process:
Sewage treated
Improving Water Quality
• Municipal Sewage Treatment
Primary and Secondary Sewage Treatment
Improving Water Quality• Individual Septic Systems
Septic tank
Improving Water Quality
• Individual Septic Systems
Drain field/Leach Fields
Laws Controlling Water Pollution
• Case-in-Point: Water Pollution in the Great Lakes
What is a Pesticide?• First-Generation Pesticides
• Inorganic compounds (e.g., lead, mercury)
• Botanicals (e.g., nicotine, pyrethrin)
Benefits and Problems with Pesticides
• Benefit: Disease Control
Location of malaria
Benefits and Problems with Pesticides
• Problem: Evolution of Genetic Resistance
# of species exhibiting genetic resistance to pesticides
Benefits and Problems with Pesticides• Problem: Evolution of Genetic Resistance
• Creates a pesticide treadmill
Pesticide application
Kills most pests
Resistant survive
Numbers increase
New population genetically resistant
EVEN MORE
INCREASE
Benefits and Problems with Pesticides
• Problem: Imbalances in the Ecosystem
• Creation of New Pests
Benefits and Problems with Pesticides
• Problem: Persistence, Bioaccumulation, and Biological Magnification
Biomagnification of DDT
Benefits and Problems with Pesticides
• Problem: Mobility in the Environment
Risks of Pesticides to Human Health
• Short-term Effects of Pesticides
• Handling of food with pesticide residue
Alternatives to Pesticides
• Integrated Pest Management
Alternatives to Pesticides
• Integrated Pest Management
Rice Production in Indonesia
IPM introduced
World Food Problems
• Common diseases due to malnourishment:
• Kwashiorkor
kwa·shi·or·kor (kwä'shē-ôr'kôr') Severe protein malnutrition, especially in children after weaning, marked by lethargy, growth retardation, anemia, edema, potbelly, skin depigmentation, and hair loss or change in hair color.
Common diseases due to malnourishment:
• Ma·ras·mus (mə-răz'məs)
• A progressive wasting of the body, occurring chiefly in young children and associated with insufficient intake or malabsorption of food.
World Food Problems• Maintaining Grain Stockpiles
• World grain carryover stocks
U.N. estimates that carryover stocks should not fall below 70 days.
The Principal Types of Agriculture
• Industrialized agriculture
Challenges of Producing More Crops and Livestock
• Increasing Crop Yields
US wheat yields
Challenges of Producing More Crops and Livestock
• Genetic Engineering
Solutions to Agricultural Problems• Sustainable Agriculture
Fisheries of the World
•Overharvesting is the most serious problem
Hazardous and Solid Waste
• Types of Solid Waste Paper andPaperboard
Yard Waste
Food Waste
Plastics
Metals
Rubber, leather, &textiles
Glass
Wood
Other
Solid Waste
• Disposal of Solid Waste- Too many landfills!
SanitaryLandfills
Recycling
Incineration
Sanitary Landfills
Solid Waste
• The Special Problem of Tires
• Made from materials that cannot be recycled
• Can be incinerated
Solid Waste
• Disposal of Solid Wastes
• Incineration
CO2 emissions per kwatt-hour of electricity production
Solid Waste• Mass burn incinerator
Waste Prevention
• Recycling, Composting, Reusing
Solid waste produced by average family of four in one year in US
Waste Prevention• Integrated Waste Management
Hazardous Waste
• Case-in-Point: Hanford Nuclear Reservation
Drums of low-level nuclear waste
Hazardous Waste• Hazardous waste landfill