Water Pollution Presentation

7/28/2019 Water Pollution Presentation

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Water Pollution


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THE IMPORTANCE OF WATER


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Water is one of the most essential elements to good health. Health officials

emphasize the importance of drinking at least eight glasses of clean water

every day to maintain good health. Each cell in the body depends upon

water in order to function. Numerous disorders are caused by insufficient

and unhealthy water.

Water is essential to the functioning of every single cell and organ system in

the human body. Water makes up greater than 2/3 of the weight of the

human body; the brain is 75% water, blood is 83% water, bones are 22%

water, muscles are 75% water, and the lungs are 90% water.

Water is important to human life and to the operation of the human body.

When the human body does not get enough water, a decrease of as little as

2% in our body's water supply can have harmful effects and cause

symptoms of dehydration such as daytime fatigue, excess thirst, fuzzy

memory, difficulty focusing on tasks and simple math, lightheadedness, and

nausea. It has been estimated that 75% of Americans have mild, chronicdehydration. A reduction of 4-5% in body water can result in a 20-30%

decrease in work and exercise performance. A 10% decrease in water will

produce significant health risks. A week without water will surely result in

death.


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Water is essential for the efficient elimination of waste products through

the kidneys and regulates body temperature through perspiration and also

serves as a lubricant; water forms the fluids surrounding joints and bones,

providing cushioning for the joints. Furthermore, water prevents and

alleviates constipation by moving food through the intestines and

eliminating waste products.

In other case, water helps the body to absorb nutrients in the intestines and

also plays a role in regulating metabolism. Water carries nutrients and

oxygen to all cells in the body and facilitates all of the chemical processes

which occur in the body. Water plays a role in the prevention of disease.Drinking adequate amounts of water can reduce the risk of colon and

bladder cancer significantly, and some studies have suggested that water

may also decrease the risk of breast cancer.

Many public water systems treat water with chlorine to destroy disease-

producing contaminants that may be present in the water. Althoughdisinfection is an important step in the treatment of potable water, the taste

and odor of chlorine is objectionable. And, the disinfectants that are used to

prevent disease can create byproducts which may pose significant health

risks.


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CAUSES OF WATER POLLUTION

What cause the water to become polluted?


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The specific contaminants leading to pollution in water include a wide

spectrum of chemicals, pathogens, and physical or sensory changes such as

elevated temperature and discoloration. While many of the chemicals and

substances that are regulated may be naturally occurring. The concentration is

often the key in determining what is a natural component of water, and what

is a contaminant. High concentrations of naturally occurring substances can

have negative impacts on aquatic flora and fauna.

Oxygen-depleting substances may be natural materials, such as plant matter

as well as man-made chemicals. Other natural and anthropogenic substances

may cause turbidity which blocks light and disrupts plant growth, and clogs

the gills of some fish species.

Many of the chemical substances are toxic. Pathogens can

produce waterborne diseases in either human or animal hosts.Alteration of

water's physical chemistry includes acidity, electrical conductivity,

temperature, and eutrophication. Eutrophication is an increase in theconcentration of chemical nutrients in an ecosystem to an extent that

increases in the primary productivity of the ecosystem. Depending on the

degree of eutrophication, subsequent negative environmental effects such

as anoxia and severe reductions in water quality may occur, affecting fish and

other animal populations.


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EFFECTS OF WATER POLLUTION

What if the water is polluted?


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The effects of water pollution are varied and depend on what chemicals are

dumped and in what locations. In Boston, the water is filled with toxic waste

and sewage, and routinely receives more waste when rainfall pushes it into the

harbor. Many bodies of water near urban areas are highly polluted. This is the

result of both garbage dumped by individuals and dangerous chemicals legally

or illegally dumped by industries.

The main problem caused by water pollution is that it kills life that inhabits

water-based ecosystems. Dead fish, birds, dolphins, and many other animals

often wind up on beaches, killed by pollutants in their habitat. Pollution

disrupts the natural food chain as well. Pollutants such as lead and cadmium areeaten by tiny animals. Later, these animals are consumed by fish and shellfish,

and the food chain continues to be disrupted at all higher levels. Eventually,

humans are affected by this process as well. People can get diseases such as

hepatitis by eating seafood that has been poisoned. Ecosystems can be severely

changed or destroyed by water pollution. Water pollution is together with air

pollution the most serious form of environmental pollution. Water pollution not

only does huge damage to our environment but also to our health. Water is the

most precious resource on our planet, and water pollution is the main reason

why freshwater resources are constantly declining, and the worst part in the

whole story is the fact that there are still many people in the world who do not

take water pollution problem seriously.


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The contamination of water bodies has tremendous negative impact on

environment, it has ability to destroy many animal habitats, and cause

irreparable damage to many ecosystems. Water pollution is not only killing

millions of people around the globe each year, it is also killing millions ofplants and animals that simply cannot cope with the increasing levels of

water pollution caused by different chemicals and other waste. In some

areas of the world water pollution issue is totally out of control, and in

these areas polluted water spreads different toxins and other chemicals into

environment, making it dirty, and above all unhealthy place to live in.

The aquatic life is mostly affected with water pollution, and water pollution

can even lead to an extinction of some animal species, like this was the case

with the Yangtze River Dolphin.

Chemical compounds and other water pollutants cause aquatic animals

difficulties with breathing while on the other hand these chemicals can also

be quite toxic for land animals once they drink this polluted water.


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PREVENTION OF WATER POLLUTION

Do something to prevent or minimize the effects of water

pollution.


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As the water pollution is so serious all around the world, we need to take

some actions to prevent it from happening or to minimize the effect of

water pollution to us and the environment.

Domestic sewage is 99.9 percent pure water, while the other 0.1 percent arepollutants. Although found in low concentrations, these pollutants pose risk

on a large scale. In urban areas, domestic sewage is typically treated by

centralized sewage treatment plants. Well-designed and operated

systemscan remove 90 percent or more of these pollutants. Some plants

have additional sub-systems to treat nutrients and pathogens.

Some industrial facilities generate ordinary domestic sewage that can be

treated by municipal facilities. Industries that generate wastewater with

high concentrations of conventional pollutants, toxic pollutants or other

nonconventional pollutants such as ammonia, need specialized treatment

systems. Some of these facilities can install a pre-treatment system to

remove the toxic components, and then send the partially treated

wastewater to the municipal system. Industries generating large volumes of

wastewater typically operate their own complete on-site treatment

systems.


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Sediment washed off fields is one of the largest source of agricultural

pollution in the world. Farmers may utilize erosion controls to reduce runoff

flows and retain soil on their fields. Common techniques include contour

plowing, crop mulching, crop rotation, planting perennial crops and

installing riparian buffers. Nutrients may also enter runoff from crop

residues, irrigation water, wildlife, and atmospheric deposition. Farmers can

develop and implement nutrient management plans to reduce excess

application of nutrients. To minimize pesticide impacts, farmers may use

Integrated Pest Management (IPM) techniques which can include biological

pest control to maintain control over pests, reduce reliance on chemical

pesticides, and protect water quality.

Effective control of urban runoff involves reducing the velocity and flow of

stormwater, as well as reducing pollutant discharges. Local governments use

a variety of stormwater management techniques to reduce the effects of

urban runoff. These techniques, called best management pratices (BMPs) inthe U.S., may focus on water quantity control, while others focus on

improving water quality, and some perform both functions.


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SOLUTIONS TO WATER POLLUTION

Efforts that are taken to control water pollution.


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The most important body to handle this pollution is the government where

they should enforce existing laws which related to the water environment.

By strictly enforce the existing law, such as Clean Water Act would give

awareness to citizen how important the water. Penalty or fine will be chargeon any individual or organization that involve in this unethical behavior

would help in reducing the level of the pollution. Besides that, the

government should organize social campaigns and activities which related

to against the water pollution. This way could help to aware people of their

irresponsible attitude and reduce the littering.

Second solution is by doing the water treatment. There are two main

reasons for water treatment which are to protect the public health and

preserve the water quality. As general, most of the waste water comes from

industries, homes, businesses, storm runoff, ground water, and schools. Also

sludge is being treated to remove some of its water. Then it is further

processed by stabilizing, dewatering and disposal which is can control water

pollution.


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The third solution to water pollution is by minimizing the usage of plastic.

As we know the growing impact of plastic pollution on our oceans will be

one of big cause to this issue. We need to figure out ways that can use less

plastic, especially plastic storage bags. This type of plastic is easy for wildlife

to swallow and eventually causes death. Apart of that, we should simply say

no to bottle. Even it is convenient to drink bottled water but the

environment impact of bottled water plastic is huge. A much healthier and

less expensive solution to bottled water is to invest in refillable glass water

bottles or stainless steel water bottles and fill them with filtered drinking

water.

As a conclusion, it is essential that all individuals, community and

organizations to involve and work together with the government in order to

prevent this disaster to going to critical level.


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Brown pipe water

The soil erosion has made the water to become polluted. The polluted

water may contain harmful substances such as Bromine, Ammonia and

Sulphur.


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Polluted river

River, which is the most important water source, has been polluted by toxicpollutants. The picture has shown a river in India. Based on researches that

had done, rivers in India are the most polluted in the world due to the high

population in the country.


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Unhealthy water

If we keep polluting the water without taking actions or thinking about

the effect of water pollution, one day we will drink a glass of water that

contains sands and stones as what shown in the picture.

Water Pollution Presentation

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