Water Pollution Pollution: “the presence of a substance in the (aquatic) environment that because...
-
Upload
bruce-doyle -
Category
Documents
-
view
265 -
download
0
description
Transcript of Water Pollution Pollution: “the presence of a substance in the (aquatic) environment that because...
![Page 1: Water Pollution Pollution: “the presence of a substance in the (aquatic) environment that because of its chemical composition or quantity prevents the.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062302/5a4d1b457f8b9ab0599a338b/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Water PollutionPollution: “the presence of a substance in the (aquatic)
environment that because of its chemical composition or quantity prevents the functioning of natural processes and produces undesirable environmental and health effects.”
• Pathogens• Organic Wastes• Chemical• Sediments• Thermal• Nutrients
![Page 2: Water Pollution Pollution: “the presence of a substance in the (aquatic) environment that because of its chemical composition or quantity prevents the.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062302/5a4d1b457f8b9ab0599a338b/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Point Source versusNon-point Sources of Pollution
![Page 3: Water Pollution Pollution: “the presence of a substance in the (aquatic) environment that because of its chemical composition or quantity prevents the.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062302/5a4d1b457f8b9ab0599a338b/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Pathogens• Disease-causing agents (Table 18.1) • Safety measures
– purification of public water supply– sanitary collection/treatment of sewage– sanitary practices when processing food– Frequent testing of indicator microorganisms
![Page 4: Water Pollution Pollution: “the presence of a substance in the (aquatic) environment that because of its chemical composition or quantity prevents the.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062302/5a4d1b457f8b9ab0599a338b/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Organic Wastes• Dissolved oxygen (DO) in the water is depleted
during decomposition of organic wastes (caused by microbial respiration)
• Water quality test. – Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD):– More organic material; higher BOD.– A goal of sewage water treatment is to reduce
BOD.• High BOD may cause fish kills.• High BOD waters produce noxious odors (stinky)
![Page 5: Water Pollution Pollution: “the presence of a substance in the (aquatic) environment that because of its chemical composition or quantity prevents the.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062302/5a4d1b457f8b9ab0599a338b/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Chemical Pollutants• Inorganic chemicals
– Heavy metals – Acids – Road salts
• Organic chemicals – Petroleum– Pesticides– Detergents
![Page 6: Water Pollution Pollution: “the presence of a substance in the (aquatic) environment that because of its chemical composition or quantity prevents the.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062302/5a4d1b457f8b9ab0599a338b/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Excess Sediments on Stream Ecosystems
• Caused by soil and stream bank erosion.• Loss of hiding-resting places for small fish
and macroinvertebrates.• Clog fish gills and may cause infections.• Attached plants, algae and
macroinvertebrates get scoured from the rocks by sands.
• Poor light penetration reduces primary production for the ecosystem.
• Costly to remove in water treatment plants.
![Page 7: Water Pollution Pollution: “the presence of a substance in the (aquatic) environment that because of its chemical composition or quantity prevents the.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062302/5a4d1b457f8b9ab0599a338b/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
![Page 8: Water Pollution Pollution: “the presence of a substance in the (aquatic) environment that because of its chemical composition or quantity prevents the.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062302/5a4d1b457f8b9ab0599a338b/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Nutrient Enrichment
• Oligotrophic: nutrient-poor water• Eutrophic: nutrient-rich water
• Mesotrophic: nutrient-moderate water
What kind of algae or plants would dominate in oligotrophic and eutrophic conditions?
![Page 9: Water Pollution Pollution: “the presence of a substance in the (aquatic) environment that because of its chemical composition or quantity prevents the.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062302/5a4d1b457f8b9ab0599a338b/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
![Page 10: Water Pollution Pollution: “the presence of a substance in the (aquatic) environment that because of its chemical composition or quantity prevents the.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062302/5a4d1b457f8b9ab0599a338b/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Eutrophication
As nutrients are added from pollution, an oligotrophic condition rapidly becomes eutrophic.
Oligotrophic
Eutrophic
![Page 11: Water Pollution Pollution: “the presence of a substance in the (aquatic) environment that because of its chemical composition or quantity prevents the.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062302/5a4d1b457f8b9ab0599a338b/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Eutrophic or Oligotrophic?
• High dissolved O2
• Deep light penetration• High phytoplankton• Turbid waters• High species diversity• Good recreational
qualities• High detritus
decomposition• Benthic plants
Nutrient Inputs
Nutrient Inputs
![Page 12: Water Pollution Pollution: “the presence of a substance in the (aquatic) environment that because of its chemical composition or quantity prevents the.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062302/5a4d1b457f8b9ab0599a338b/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Natural Vs. Cultural Eutrophication
• Natural eutrophication– aquatic succession– occurs over several hundreds of years
• Cultural eutrophication– driven by human activities– occurs rapidly
![Page 13: Water Pollution Pollution: “the presence of a substance in the (aquatic) environment that because of its chemical composition or quantity prevents the.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062302/5a4d1b457f8b9ab0599a338b/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Controlling Non-point Sources
• Difficult to address runoff pollutants– Urban– Agricultural fields– Deforested woodlands– Overgrazed pastures
• Best Management Practices (BMP)– Urban & Suburban Development– Agricultural
![Page 14: Water Pollution Pollution: “the presence of a substance in the (aquatic) environment that because of its chemical composition or quantity prevents the.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062302/5a4d1b457f8b9ab0599a338b/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
BMP e.g.: Collecting Ponds
![Page 15: Water Pollution Pollution: “the presence of a substance in the (aquatic) environment that because of its chemical composition or quantity prevents the.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062302/5a4d1b457f8b9ab0599a338b/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Control Point SourcesWastewater Treatment
• Raw Sewage (99.9% water to 0.1% waste)• Pollutants in sewage are:
– Debris and grit– Particulate organic material– Colloidal and dissolved organic material– Dissolved inorganic material– Human Pathogens– Toxic Chemicals– Pharmaceuticals
![Page 16: Water Pollution Pollution: “the presence of a substance in the (aquatic) environment that because of its chemical composition or quantity prevents the.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062302/5a4d1b457f8b9ab0599a338b/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Wastewater Treatment
• Preliminary (physical screening)• Primary (physically settle solids)• Secondary (biological solids production) • Tertiary (biological or chemical “polishing”)
– Biological nutrient removal systems– Pathogen removal by chlorine or ozone– Chemical nutrient removal (costly)
• Sludge Treatment (solids reduced)
![Page 17: Water Pollution Pollution: “the presence of a substance in the (aquatic) environment that because of its chemical composition or quantity prevents the.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062302/5a4d1b457f8b9ab0599a338b/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Wastewater Treatment
![Page 18: Water Pollution Pollution: “the presence of a substance in the (aquatic) environment that because of its chemical composition or quantity prevents the.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062302/5a4d1b457f8b9ab0599a338b/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Anaerobic Sludge Digester
(Methane and Cogeneration)
![Page 19: Water Pollution Pollution: “the presence of a substance in the (aquatic) environment that because of its chemical composition or quantity prevents the.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062302/5a4d1b457f8b9ab0599a338b/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
![Page 20: Water Pollution Pollution: “the presence of a substance in the (aquatic) environment that because of its chemical composition or quantity prevents the.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062302/5a4d1b457f8b9ab0599a338b/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Alternative Treatment Systems
• Individual septic systems• Wastewater effluent irrigation• Reconstructed wetland systems
– Beaumont, TX• The waterless toilet