Water Pollution 21
-
Upload
akshay-jadhav -
Category
Documents
-
view
214 -
download
0
Transcript of Water Pollution 21
-
8/6/2019 Water Pollution 21
1/20
Water Pollution
-
8/6/2019 Water Pollution 21
2/20
-
8/6/2019 Water Pollution 21
3/20
Point and Nonpoint Sources
NONPOINT SOURCES
Urban streets
Suburbandevelopment
Wastewatertreatmentplant
Rural homes
Cropland
Factory
Animal feedlot
POINTSOURCES
-
8/6/2019 Water Pollution 21
4/20
Water pollution
Bacteria,Viruses,Protozoa, Parasitic worms
Oxygen demanding substances
Inorganic plant nutrients
Organic chemicals
Sediment or suspended matter
Thermal pollution
Genetic pollution
-
8/6/2019 Water Pollution 21
5/20
Rainbow smelt1.04 ppm
Zooplankton0.123 ppm
Phytoplankton0.0025 ppm
Water0.000002 ppm
Herring gull124 ppm
Lake trout4.83 ppm
Herring gull eggs
124 ppm
BiologicalMagnification
-
8/6/2019 Water Pollution 21
6/20
Pollution of Streams
Oxygen sag curveOxygen sag curve Oxygen sag curveOxygen sag curve
Fig. 21-4
-
8/6/2019 Water Pollution 21
7/20
Pollution of Lakes
Eutrophication EutrophicationDischarge of untreated
municipal sewage(nitrates and phosphates)
Nitrogen compoundsproduced by cars
and factories
Discharge of treatedmunicipal sewage
(primary and secondarytreatment:
nitrates and phosphates)
Discharge ofdetergents
( phosphates)
Natural runoff(nitrates andphosphates
Manure runoffFrom feedlots(nitrates andPhosphates,
ammonia)
Dissolving ofnitrogen oxides
(from internal combustionengines and furnaces)
Runoff and erosion(from from cultivation,mining, construction,
and poor land use)
Runoff from streets,lawns, and construction
lots (nitrates andphosphates)
Lake ecosystemnutrient overloadand breakdown ofchemical cycling
Fig .22.7, p. 499
-
8/6/2019 Water Pollution 21
8/20
Fig. 21-8, p. 502
Water well
Migratingvapor phase
Contaminant plume moveswith the groundwater
Free gasolinedissolves ingroundwater(dissolvedphase)
Groundwaterflow
Watertable
Gasolineleakage plume(liquid phase)
Leakingtank
-
8/6/2019 Water Pollution 21
9/20
Groundwater Pollution: Causes
Coal stripmine runoff
Pumpingwell
Waste lagoon
Accidentalspills
Groundwater
flow
Confined aquifer
Discharge
Leakage from faultycasing
Hazardous waste injection well
Pesticides
Gasolinestation
Buried gasolineand solvent tank
Sewer
Cesspoolseptic tank
De-icingroad salt
Water pumping
well Landfill
Fig. 21-7
-
8/6/2019 Water Pollution 21
10/20
Groundwater Pollution Prevention
Monitoring aquifersMonitoring aquifers
Strictly regulating hazardous wastedisposal
Strictly regulating hazardous wastedisposal
Storing hazardous materials aboveground
Storing hazardous materials aboveground
-
8/6/2019 Water Pollution 21
11/20
Fig. 21-10, p. 505
Healthy zoneClear, oxygen-richwaters promote growth
of plankton and sea grasses,and support fish.
Oxygen-depleted zoneSedimentation and algaeovergrowth reduce sunlight,
kill beneficial sea grasses, useup oxygen, and degrade habitat.
Red tidesExcess nitrogen causesexplosive growth oftoxicmicroscopic algae,poisoning fish andmarine mammals.
FarmsRunoff of pesticides, manure, andfertilizers adds toxins and excessnitrogen and phosphorus.
Toxic sedimentsChemicals and toxicmetals contaminateshellfish beds, killspawning fish, andaccumulate in the tissuesof bottom feeders.
Construction sitesSediments are washed intowaterways, choking fish and plants,clouding waters, and blockingsunlight.
Urban sprawlBacteria and virusesfromsewers and septictanks contaminateshellfish beds
Oxygen-depletedzone
Closedbeach
CitiesToxic metalsand oil fromstreets andparking lotspollute waters;
IndustryNitrogen oxidesfrom autos andsmokestacks,toxic chemicals,and heavy metals ineffluents flow intobays and estuaries.
Closedshellfish beds
-
8/6/2019 Water Pollution 21
12/20
Reducing Water Pollution through
Sewage Treatment
Primaryand Secondarysewage treatment.
Figure 21Figure 21--1616
-
8/6/2019 Water Pollution 21
13/20
Technological Approach: Using
Wetlands to Treat Sewage((
((
45 centimeterlayer of limestonegravel coated with
decomposing bacteriaFirst concrete pool Second concrete pool
SewageSewage
Wetland typeWetland typeplantsplants
Wetland typeWetland typeplantsplants
TreatedTreatedwaterwater
-
8/6/2019 Water Pollution 21
14/20
Global Outlook: Stream Pollution in
Developing Countries
Water in manyof
central China's rivers
are greenish black fromuncontrolled pollution
bythousands of
factories.
Figure 21Figure 21--55
-
8/6/2019 Water Pollution 21
15/20
Case Study: Indias Ganges River: Religion,
Poverty, and Health
Religious beliefs, cultural traditions, poverty, and
a large population interact to cause severe
pollution of the Gan
ges River in India.
Verylittle of the sewage is treated.
Hindu believe in cremating the dead to free the soul
and throwing the ashes in the holyGanges.
Some are too poor to afford the wood to fullycremate. Decomposing bodies promote disease and depletes DO.
-
8/6/2019 Water Pollution 21
16/20
Case Study: Indias Ganges River: Religion,
Poverty, and Health
Daily, more than 1
million Hindus in India
bathe, drink from, or
carryout religious
ceremonies in the
highlypolluted Ganges
River.
Figure 21Figure 21--66
-
8/6/2019 Water Pollution 21
17/20
Drinking Water Quality
Safe Drinking
Water Act Safe Drinking
Water Act
Maximum contaminant levels Maximum contaminant levels
Bottled water Bottled water
-
8/6/2019 Water Pollution 21
18/20
Is Bottled Water the Answer?
Some bottled water is not as pure as tap water
and costs much more.
1.4 million metric tons ofplastic bottles are
thrown away.
Fossil fuels are used to make plastic bottles.
The oil used to produce plastic bottles in the U.S. each
year would fuel 100,000 cars.
-
8/6/2019 Water Pollution 21
19/20
Using Laws to Protect Drinking
Water
The U.N. estimates that 5.6 million Americansdrink water that does not meet EPA standards.
1 in 5 Americans drinks water from a treatmentplant that violated one or more safetystandard.
Industrypressures to weaken the Safe DrinkingAct:
Eliminate national tests and public notification ofviolations.
Allow rights to pollute ifprovider cannot afford tocomply.
-
8/6/2019 Water Pollution 21
20/20
Fig. 21-19, p. 517
What Can You Do?
Water Pollution
F
ertilize garden and yard plants with manure or compostinstead of commercial inorganic fertilizer.
Minimize your use of pesticides.
Do not apply fertilizer or pesticides near a body of water.
Grow or buy organic foods.
Do not drink bottled water unless tests show that your tap
water is contaminated. Merely refill and reuse plastic bottles
with tap water.
Compost your food wastes.
Do not use water fresheners in toilets.
Do not flush unwanted medicines down the toilet.
Do not pour pesticides, paints, solvents, oil, antifreeze, or other
products containing harmful chemicals down the drain or
onto the ground.