BY : PRIYANK B. BUSA

Y510002

SIR. S. N. RANSHUR

WATER LOGGING

INTRODUCTION

EFFECTS

CAUSES

PREVENTION

INTRODUCTION

Ministry of Water Resources estimated in 2001 that an

area of 2.04 million hectare was suffering from the

problem of water logging under irrigation commands.

This accounts for nearly 4% of net area irrigated in the

country

Out of this, an area of 1.4 million hectare was estimated

to be suffering from surface water stagnation and 0.64

million hectare through rise in water table.

Worldwide, about 10% of all irrigated land suffers from

water logging.

INTRODUCTIONAN IRRIGATED AREA IS SAID TO BE

WATERLOGGED

WHEN THE SHALLOW WATER TABLE RISESTO SUCH AN EXTENT THAT SOIL PORES INTHE ROOT ZONE OF A CROP BECOMESATURATED, RESULTING IN RESTRICTIONOF THE NORMAL CIRCULATION OF THE AIRIN O2 & CO2

WHEN THE SURPLUS WATER STAGNATES DUE TO POOR DRAINAGE

INTRODUCTION

The actual depth

of water table,

when it starts

affecting the yield

of the crops

adversely, may

vary over a wide

range from zero

for rice to about

1.5 meters for

other crops

Height of

capillary fringe

Type of crop

PICS CROPS DEPTH OF

WATER TABLE (m)

wheat 0.9 to 1.2

Cotton 1.5 to 1.8

Rice 0.6

Sugarcane 0.9

Fodder crop 1.2

MINISTRY OF WATER RESOURCES ADOPTED IN 1991, THE FOLLOWING NORMS FOR

IDENTIFICATION OF WATER LOGGED AREAS:

IRRIGATION AREAS WATER TABLE

Water logged Areas

(Due to rise in water Table)

Water table within 2 meters of the land surface

Potential Areas for

water logging

Water table between 2 to 3 meters below land surface

Safe Areas Water table below 3 meters of land surface

EFFECTS OF WATER LOGGING

Absence of aeration of soil in the root zone of

the plants

Difficulty in cultivation operations

Growth of water weeds & wild aquatic plants

Rise of salts in surface layers

Restricted root growth

Lower soil temperature

Plant diseases

CAUSES OF WATER LOGGING

Seepage from

canals

Over irrigation of

fields

Inadequate surface

drainage

Incorrect &

Defective methods

of Irrigation

Obstruction of

natural drainage

Obstruction of

subsoil drainage

Obliteration of

natural drainage

Nature of soil black cotton

soil

Construction of a

reservoir

Water logging causes yellowing of leaves, stunted

growth, small and shallow root systems. Also

particularly nitrogen deficiency causes yellowing of

the leaves in winter

PREVENTION OF

WATER LOGGING

REDUCING PERCOLATION FROM IRRIGATION CHANNELS

REDUCING PERCOLATION FROM WATER COURSES AND FIELDS

ENCOURAGING ECONOMICAL USE OF WATER

INCREASING OUTFLOW FROM THE GROUND WATER RESERVOIR

PREVENTION OF WATER LOGGING

REDUCING PERCOLATION FROM IRRIGATION CHANNELS

LINING OF CHANNELS

LOWERING OF FULL SUPPLY LEVEL OF IRRIGATION CHANNELS

PROVIDING INTERCEPTOR DRAINS AMONG CHANNELS

LINING OF CHANNELS REDUCING FSL

PREVENTION OF WATER LOGGING

REDUCING PERCOLATION FROM WATER COURSES AND FIELDS

LINING OF WATER COURSES

CONTROLLING INTENSITY OF IRRIGATION

PREVENTION OF WATER LOGGING

ENCOURAGING ECONOMICAL USE OF WATER

EDUCATING THE CULTIVATORS TO USE WATER ECONOMICALLY

CHANGING CROP PATTERN

CHANGING REVENUE POLICY

PREVENTION OF WATER LOGGING

INCREASING OUTFLOW FROM THE GROUND WATER RESERVOIR

PROVIDING A DRAINAGE SYSTEM

IMPROVING THE NATURAL DRAINAGE OF

THE AREA

PUMPING GROUND WATER

DRAINAGE SYSTEM

DRAINAGE SYSTEM

CASE STUDY

crop 1951-52

( yield per

hectare )

1959-60

( yield per

hectare )

cotton 7.32 kN 0.098 kN

wheat 13.18 kN 8.79 kN

To study the effect ofwater logging on cropproduction, a study wasmade at a small farm atRauni near Patiala (Punjab)

The study showedthe difference in yield perhectare as follows:

CONCLUSION UNDER THE RESTRUCTURED CAD PROGRAMME

IMPLEMENTED FROM THE FINANCIAL YEAR 2004-05, THE

COST NORM FOR RECLAMATION OF WATER LOGGED

AREA HAS BEEN INCREASED FROM RS.12000 PER.HEC

TO RS.15000 PER.HEC

SO WITH THE INCREASING LOST, IT IS BETTER TO TAKE

THE PREVENTIVE MEASURES BEFORE HAND

AS WE KNOW “ PREVENTION IS BETTER

THAN CURE ”