Radiological Survey Report Marcellus Shale Drilling Cuttings
Water Issues Related to Marcellus Gas Drilling Activity
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Transcript of Water Issues Related to Marcellus Gas Drilling Activity
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Water Issues Related to Marcellus Gas Drilling Activity
Bryan SwistockWater Resources Extension SpecialistPenn State Cooperative ExtensionSchool of Forest [email protected]
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A Summary of State Regulations
• Water management plan in gas drilling permit
• Earth disturbance permit if > 5 acres • Enforced by DEP BOGM instead of
Conservation Districts
• Bonds for water supply replacement (1984 era)
• “Presumed responsibility” for contamination of drinking water supplies within 1,000 feet of gas well and six months after drilling
• Setbacks (adjustable by DEP or landowner)• 200 feet to drinking water supply• 100 feet to “blue line” streams• 100 feet to wetlands > 1 acre• Outside designated floodplains
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Freshwater Use for Drilling Typically 3 to 6 million gallons per well
Access to water = landowner control
Allocation of water = state control Basin commissions, DEP, Clean Streams Law
Water withdrawals Purchase water from communities Large rivers and impoundments Small streams and groundwater Incentives – wastewater
Biggest concerns Withdrawals in western PA Illegal withdrawals – enforcement “loss of water” to formation
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Hydrofracturing
• 3 to 6 million gallons of water per well• Average flowback around 10%• EPA starting new study of hydrofracturing
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Chemistry is high variable in time and space Salt (sodium, chloride) High total dissolved solids (TDS) Metals (barium, iron, manganese, etc.) Oil and grease Organic carbon Detergents Sediment Radionuclides (gross alpha, radon, etc.)
Collected in pits or tanks
Marcellus Gas Drilling Waste Fluids(volume expected to reach 3 million gallons per day this year)
Photo courtesy – Paul Hart, Hart Resource Technologies, Inc
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Wastewater Treatment
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Groundwater SuppliesPrivate Water Wells and Springs
• Over one million homes and farms in PA
• 45% had never been properly tested (before Marcellus started!)
• No regulations in PA!
• Pre-existing water quality problems are common (40%)
Water Wells drilled 1966-1994
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Water Supply IssuesConcerns from spills, leaking pits,
improper well construction, fracing, etc.
Freshwater protection string installed to protect groundwater from drilling
Many water testing issues (cost, industry data, interpretation of results, etc.)
Most frequent issues• Sediment during initial drilling• Methane migration
Inadequate FPS implicated in several methane gas migration issues - new casing regulations aim to prevent future problems
Illustration courtesy Range Resources
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Water Well Studies
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Northeast PA - 200 wells
McKean County - 200 wells
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Contaminant
Some recent western U.S. studies indicate higher contamination rates
No pre-drilling problems in NE PA
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Penn State Water Well Research(Center for Rural Pennsylvania)
Objectives 1) Determine occurrence of groundwater contamination 2) Determine factors related to contamination if it occurs 3) Survey water supply owners to document their experiences
Phase 1 – intensive monitoring 50 water wells before, during and after gas drilling Located within ~2,000 feet of a site that will be drilled in 2010 Detailed testing of ~20 parameters Continuous TDS measurements
Phase 2 – broad monitoring 200+ water well after drilling Within 5,000 feet of Marcellus well Participants provide pre-drilling data and attend workshop
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Surface Water Monitoring No presumed responsibility Many volunteer networks
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Additional Actions to Protect Water
Landowner leasing stipulations Greater setbacks to water Use of tanks vs. pits for wastewater Pre + post-drilling testing of ALL water Water flow measurements (before seismic) Proper retirement of seismic holes Access to water (and payment) No surface lease?
Voluntary water testing and documentation
Reporting obvious problems (sediment, tastes, odors, loss of water, etc.) and report problems to DEP and gas drilling company
Updated regulations Casing and cementing regulations just updated Many proposals to increase setbacks, increase testing, restrict hydraulic
fracturing, etc.
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Voluntary Industry Actions
Spill containment systems
Tanks vs. pits
Alternative fluids + additives for fracing
Water recycling
Expanded distance of pre-drilling water testing
Rapid response teams for water supply issues
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Penn State Cooperative Extension Resources
http://extension.psu.edu/water