Water in the atmosphere and precipitation.. Activator Work on project for 10 minutes Or read...
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Transcript of Water in the atmosphere and precipitation.. Activator Work on project for 10 minutes Or read...
![Page 1: Water in the atmosphere and precipitation.. Activator Work on project for 10 minutes Or read quietly.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032612/56649ec65503460f94bd291b/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Water in the atmosphere Water in the atmosphere and precipitation.and precipitation.
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Activator Activator
• Work on project for 10 minutes
• Or read quietly.
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• Water is constantly moving between Earth’s surface and the atmosphere in the water cycle.
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• Water vapor enters the air by evaporation from the oceans and other bodies of water.
• Evaporation is the process by which water molecules in liquid water escape into the air as water vapor.
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• Some of the water vapor in the atmosphere condenses to form clouds.
• Then rain and other forms of precipitation fall from the clouds toward Earth’s surface.
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• Humidity is a measure of the amount to water vapor in the air.
• The percentage of water vapor that is actually in the air compared to the around of water vapor the air can hold at a particular temperature is called relative humidity.
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• Relative humidly can be measured with an instrument called a psychomotor.
• A psychrometor has two thermometers, a wet bulb thermometer and a dry bulb thermometer.
• Air is blown over both thermometers.• Since the wet bulb thermometer is cooled by
evaporation, its reading drops below that of the dry bulb thermometer
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Wet bulb and dry bulbWet bulb and dry bulb
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• Clouds form when water vapor in the air condenses to form liquid water or ice crystals.
• The process by which molecules of water vapor in the air become liquid is called condensation.
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• As air cools the amount of water vapor it can hold decreases.
• When the air becomes saturated some of the water vapor in the air condenses into water or ice.
• The temperature at which condensation begins is called dew point.
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• If the dew point is below the freezing point the water vapor may change directly into ice crystals.
• Water that condenses from the air onto a cold surface such as blades of grass, is called dew.
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• Scientists classify clouds into three main types according to shape: cirrus, cumulus, and stratus.
• Clouds are further classified by their altitude.
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• Whispy, feathery clouds are called cirrus clouds.
• Cirrus clouds from only at high levels, and they are made of ice crystals.
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• Clouds that look like fluffy, rounded piles of cotton are called cumulus clouds.
• Cumulous clouds usually indicated fair weather.
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• Clouds that form in flay layers are called stratus clouds.
• Stratus clouds that produce rain or snow are called nimbostratus clouds.
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• Clouds that from at or near the ground are called fog.
• Altocumulus and altostratus clouds are middle level clouds that form 2-6 kilometers above earth surface.
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• Precipitation is any from of water that falls from clouds and reaches Earths surface.
• For precipitation to occur, cloud droplets or ice crystals must grow heavy enough to fall through the air.
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• One way that cloud droplets grow is by colliding and combing with other cloud droplets.
• When the droplets become heavy enough they fall out of the cloud as raindrops.
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• Common types of precipitation include rain, sleet, freezing rain, snow, and hail.
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• Sleet forms when raindrops fall through a layer of freezing air and turn into solid ice particles.
• Ice particles smaller then 5 milliliters in diameter are called sleet.
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• Freezing rain forms when raindrops freeze on a cold surface.
• As the rain continues to freeze on surfaces a thick layer of ice may build and break tree branches and power lines.
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• Snow forms when water vapor in a cloud is convert directly into ice crystals called snowflakes.
• Each snowflake has 6 sides or branches.
• Hail only forms inside cumulonimbus clouds during thunderstorms.
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• Scientist measure participation with standard instrument called a rain gauge.
• It is open ended can or tube that collects rainfall.
• It is measured by dipping a ruler into water.