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Water, Disasters, and Resilient Recovery & Reconstruction James C. Schwab, AICP Manager, APA Hazards Planning Center NOAA Webinar Thursday, June 4, 2015

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Background: APAs National Centers for Planning http://www.planning.org/nationalcenters/ Green Communities Planning and Public Health Hazards Planning All are part of APA Research but involve collaboration with Outreach, Policy, and Education functions of APA And with each other!

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Background: APAs Hazards Planning Research Center Our mission is to support the development of safe, resilient communities that can both minimize their losses from disasters and quickly and efficiently marshal their resources afterwards to recover in ways that leave them stronger and better prepared than ever before.

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Why Include Drought? Significant economic and environmental impacts Water is a huge planning issue--especially when its lacking Integrated hazards approach is not complete without it Too long neglected in overall hazards profile Expertise increasingly available to do proper risk assessments Increased impacts from climate change Opportunity to forge new partnerships Planning can affect outcomes

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APA Connections on Drought Drought-Ready Communities set stage for effective planning involvement on wider scale Evolving partnership between APA and National Drought Mitigation Center Engagement with NIDIS: Engaging Preparedness Communities mini- conference hosted in Chicago, June 2011 Presentation on applying APAs integrated hazards planning approach to drought provided template for moving forward APA & NDMC agreed on PAS Report

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Drought: Whats Different? Slow onset By the time you know drought exists, it may be too late to react When do you declare an emergency? Lack of clear temporal boundaries (onset and conclusion) Length of duration (months or years, not days) Defined by significant departure from norm, not simple aridity

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Challenges for Planners in Addressing Drought Lot size: Influencing water consumption (to match supply) by reducing water demand for lawn watering Building codes: Requiring installation of more and better water-conserving devices in new construction Reducing water consumption through landscaping codes (e.g., xeriscaping)

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Land-use Planning for Drought Water planners and land-use planners must work collaboratively to succeed Water conservation is a critical element of success Research in Portland, OR, and Utah shows similar conclusions and critical ties to planning: One acre of single-family development used almost as much water as the same acre of multifamily Increased lot size results in increased consumption Build in water efficiency from beginning of planning process to the end

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Types of Plans for Drought Stand-alone drought plans Local hazard mitigation plans Water management plans Comprehensive plan elements

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Cross-jurisdictional Partnerships Most water management is already regional Drought is always a regional phenomenon Merging land-use and water resource planning at regional level is the new gold standard for addressing drought and climate change effectively Share information on policies and planning processes Build drought and climate action planning teams Brief elected officials and decision makers Make community involvement a cornerstone

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Case Studies in PAS Report Civano (Tucson, AZ, master planned community) Hualapai Tribe (Arizona) Athens-Clarke County (Georgia) Albuquerque (New Mexico) Tampa Bay Water (Florida) Interstate Commission on the Potomac River Basin State of Colorado Murray-Darling Basin (Australia)

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Civano: Tucson, AZ, development 818-acre sustainable master planned community of 4 mixed- housing residential neighborhoods, community facilities, retail and employment uses, and dedicated open spaces Integrates passive and active solar principles, sustainable building materials, and water conservation technologies Project sought to reduce potable water consumption by 65% City set performance targets, e.g., water budget per household of 28 gallons of water per person per day for exterior uses Simmons B. Buntin House includes water-conservation design features such as xeriscaping and a water-harvesting system.

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Athens-Clarke County 2002 drought a major factor in triggering restrictions and public reactions based on lack of input Need for long-term drought & water plan became clear New Water Conservation Committee unveils 3 conservation ordinances from 2004 to 2008each increasingly strict but building momentum toward conservation rate structure Bottom line: Shift from reactive measures to long-term strategy

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Tampa Bay Water 1972 Florida Water Resources Act created 5 water management districts including SW Florida WMD 1974 law enabled regional water planning, resulting in what became Tampa Bay Water in 1998 New Water Source Initiative in 1993 resulted in: Enhanced surface water supplies New large treatment plant 15.5 billion gallon storage reservoir Nations 3 rd largest desalination plant (2007)

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Tampa Bay Water 2001 drought leads to Water Supply Management Plan Lessons learned: Diversifying water supply Reducing groundwater withdrawals Coordination among regional agencies Alsolesson in long-term evolution of approach

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Interstate Commission on Potomac River Basin ICPRB created by Congress in 1940 to address pollution; quantity issues added in 1970 Droughts, population growth, more intakes began to tax system by 1960s Low Flow Allocation Agreement agreed in 1978 8 more agreements in 1982 including joint storage 1999 drought produced different responses, highlighting coordination problems; led to common triggers among jurisdictions ICPRBs annual drought preparedness exercise Bottom line: Evolution of coordinated responses in large metro area

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Conclusions Identified best practices overall in report: Establish diverse committee or task force Community education on drought Establish regulations for water conservation Establish incentives for water conservation Develop a plan Conduct drought exercises and training Apply integrated approach to water management Share data and tools with stakeholders Diversity the water supply Continuous data collection, forecasting & monitoring

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Looking Ahead Climate change will have real impacts on water supplies and weather patterns over time Not preparing will create a serious disadvantage Both increased drought and severe flooding are part of the paradox of increased extreme events

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Quintessential Schwab Quote: The aftermath of one disaster is the prelude to the next disaster.

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Post-Disaster Recovery: Next Generation Existing document 15 years old Need for new guidance became manifest after Hurricane Katrina Update teaching/training resources Stakes are higher and climbing Growing need to involve planners in the conversation about recovery

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Rationale for new Green Book 1)Disaster Mitigation Act of 2000 2)ESF-14 (subsequently NDRF) 3)FEMA within Homeland Security 4)Lessons of Hurricane Katrina 5)Map Modernization and RiskMap 6)Florida Requirements (no longer required) 7)Climate change 8)Emergence of Web-based technology 9)National Disaster Recovery Framework

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New Project, New Features Recovery News multimedia blog (http://blogs.planning.org/postdisaster/)http://blogs.planning.org/postdisaster/ Online case studies Updated model recovery ordinance More extensive outreach efforts PAS Report released in January Derivative products (briefing papers, resource database, webinar)

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The October Surprise (2012) APA involvement in post-Sandy recovery: https://www.planning.org/sandy/ Recovery training workshops held in NY/NJ first week in April 2013

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What We Learned from Sandy Growing value of resilience in community building Rebuild by Design competition HUD policy initiatives regarding CDBG-DR National resilience competition Value of incorporating climate change data into current and future planning Increasing emphasis in Hurricane Sandy Rebuilding Task Force report on green infrastructure

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Click here for APA video

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Cornerstones to Resilience A flood-affected area of Cedar Rapids, Iowa, on June 13, 2008. U.S. Air Force photo by Staff Sgt. Oscar M. Sanchez- Alvarez. Vision Community engagement Relationships Systems management Blog post on Recovery News by Jim Prosser, July 28, 2011

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Key Takeaways from Next Generation Report Relationship of resilient governance and social capital to effective post- disaster recovery Distinctions between pre- and post- disaster recovery planning and the value of preparation through advance planning Why the scale and spectrum of damages matter in anticipating recovery needs The overarching importance of community vision Planners role in shaping local plans for post-disaster recovery

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APAs Water Task Force Report Core themes: Water is a central and essential organizing element in a healthy urban environment. Planning practice needs to employ an integrated, systems-oriented, comprehensive approach to water management. New mechanisms for interdisciplinary interaction by involved professionals (in urban planning and design, environmental engineering, architecture, landscape architecture, hydrology, economics, law/regulation, etc.) are critical to effective water management. Planners need new and improved professional practices to manage water more sustainably and provide greater social equity for access to the resource. Innovative land-use planning and urban design are needed to improve and protect water environments. Adaptive land-use planning, environmental planning and infrastructure planning can help to increase resilience to extreme events and climate change by reducing risk and helping to manage uncertainty.

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APAs Water Task Force Report Status: Approved by APA board in April Where to find it: https://www.planning.org/leadership/agendas/2015/spr/pdf/ WaterTaskForceFinal.pdf https://www.planning.org/leadership/agendas/2015/spr/pdf/ WaterTaskForceFinal.pdf Next steps: APA outreach to potential partners Staff review of implementation opportunities

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Contact Information Hazards Planning Center web section: www.planning.org/nationalcenters/hazards hazards@planning.org Jim Schwab phone: 312-786-6364 APA, 205 N. Michigan Ave. #1200, Chicago IL 60601