Water and Weeds Streamkeepers Noxious Weed Training 2006 Cathy Lucero-Clallam County Noxious Weed...
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Transcript of Water and Weeds Streamkeepers Noxious Weed Training 2006 Cathy Lucero-Clallam County Noxious Weed...
Water and WeedsWater and Weeds
Streamkeepers Noxious Weed Training 2006
Cathy Lucero-Clallam County Noxious Weed Control Program
Who are we?Who are we?“The Weed Police”
Federal Noxious Weed Law• Aimed at preventing invasive exotic
introductions• Meet or match local programsState Noxious Weed Law
• Kill ‘em when they’re young!
• Prioritized weed list-revised annually
County Weed Boards
• Local control
• Broad enforcement powers
What’s wrong with weeds?What’s wrong with weeds?WEED
Compete for light,
= Plant out of Place water , nutrients,
Noxious Weeds are Masters of Competition• Non-native• Aggressive • Difficult to Control Once Established• Cause Economic or Environmental Damage• Problem that won’t go away
space
What’s wrong What’s wrong with noxious weeds?with noxious weeds?
Numerous Impacts• Destroy wildlife habitat • Pose hazard to humans and animals • Lower land values• Reduce crop value or production• Cause flooding • Reduce recreational uses • Diminish aesthetics
They’re MONSTERS!
What’s the big deal?What’s the big deal?• US Forest Service calls noxious weeds second
leading cause of species endangerment • The BLM estimates 4,600 acres of wildlife habitat
taken over every day by non-native plants• Creates the perfect environment for additional non-
native speciesPlain EconomicsPlain Economics•Controlling Eurasian Watermilfoil cost Washington state about $1million annually.•Knapweed infestations in Montana rangeland and wildland cost about $42 million annually. •Leafy spurge in Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota & Wyoming costs $129.5 million annually and represents a loss of 1,433 jobs
Goal of Streamkeeper Training:Goal of Streamkeeper Training:
• To train volunteers to help detect and monitor infestations, thus preventing or slowing the establishment of noxious weeds in sensitive areas such as riparian and aquatic environments.
Plants and StreamsPlants and Streams
• Shade water
• Add nutrients
• Filter pollutants
• Influence structure
• Deflect energy
• Bank stabilization
• Habitat diversity
Water WeedsWater Weeds
• Typically submergent vegetation, except during reproduction
• Live in shallow streams, slow moving water, ponds and lakes,
• Some tolerate salinity• Most aquarium escapees
Impacts • Rapid growth,
monocultures• Alter water quality• Degrade habitat• Clog waterways and pipe
intakes• Siltation and flooding• Affect water storage
capacity• Recreation-boating,
fishing, swimming• $$$$$$$
Brazilian ElodeaBrazilian Elodea(Egeria densa)(Egeria densa)
Eurasian WatermilfoilEurasian Watermilfoil ((Myriophyllum spicatumMyriophyllum spicatum))
Native-Northern milfoil (Myriophyllum sibericum) on Rt.
Parrot FeatherParrot Feather(Myriophyllum aquaticum)(Myriophyllum aquaticum)
WatercressWatercress(Rorippa nasturtium-aquaticum)(Rorippa nasturtium-aquaticum)
Fragrant Waterlily(Nymphaea odorata)
Land WeedsLand Weeds
• Land weeds• 1/2 ornamental
introductions, others contaminants
• Aggressive and competitive
• Most thrive in moist environment
• Some are poisonous• Most unpalatable
• Impacts • Rapid growth,
monocultures• Prevent establishment of
beneficial plants• Degrade or threaten
habitat• Clog waterways and pipe
intakes• Siltation and flooding• Decrease pasture or
meadow productivity• $$$$$$$
Butterfly BushButterfly Bush((Buddleia davidii)Buddleia davidii)
Giant HogweedGiant Hogweed
• Large, umbrella-shaped flower head
• 10-15 ft. tall.• Deeply lobed leaves, smooth• Purple splotched or purple stem
TOXIC! Causes severe burns and blistering
((Heracleum Heracleum mantegazzianum)mantegazzianum)
Look-a-Likes
Colt’s foot Cow parsnip
Herb Robert aka Herb Robert aka “Stinky Bob”“Stinky Bob”
(Geranium (Geranium robertianum)robertianum)
•5 petaled pink flower
•Hairy stem
•Leaves smell
Peabody CreekPeabody Creek
English ivyEnglish ivy(Hedera helix, several varieties)(Hedera helix, several varieties)
KnotweedsKnotweeds ( (Polygonum.spp)Polygonum.spp)
• Bamboo-like stems
• Spikes of white flowers
4/9
4/29
5/21
8/5
9/10
10/10
KnotweedKnotweed
Root mass 12 days later
KnapweedsKnapweeds ( (Centaurea spp.)Centaurea spp.)
• Purple, white flowers
• Related to Bachelor’s button
Spotted KnapweedSpotted Knapweed(Centaurea biebersteinii)(Centaurea biebersteinii)
Orange hawkweedOrange hawkweed (Hieracium aurantiacum)(Hieracium aurantiacum)
• Bright orange flowers
• Milky sap• Stolons
Purple LoosestrifePurple Loosestrife(Lythrum salicaria)(Lythrum salicaria)
•5-7 petals
•Opposite, entire leaves
•Square stem
Poison hemlockPoison hemlock (Conium maculatum)(Conium maculatum)
• Smooth, purple splotched stem
• VERY VERY POISONOUSPOISONOUS
Hemlock Look-a-LikesHemlock Look-a-Likes
Western Water hemlock
Wild carrot
Water parsley
Bur chervil
Reed CanarygrassReed Canarygrass(Phalaris arundinacea)(Phalaris arundinacea)
Matriotti Creek
AFTERBEFORE
•Large cellophane ligule
Scotch BroomScotch Broom ( (Cytisus scopariusCytisus scoparius))
Smooth CordgrassSmooth Cordgrass(Spartina alternaflora)(Spartina alternaflora)
•No native grass on mudflats
•Fringe of hairs in axil
Smooth CordgrassSmooth Cordgrass(Spartina alternaflora)(Spartina alternaflora)
Hydrology impacts
Tansy RagwortTansy Ragwort ((Senecio jacobaea)Senecio jacobaea)
• 13 yellow petals• Ruffly leaf• TOXIC
Tansy Look-a-LikesTansy Look-a-Likes
St. Johnswort
Groundsels
Common tansy
Dusty Miller
Yellow Flag IrisYellow Flag Iris(Iris pseudocornus)(Iris pseudocornus)
Data SheetsData Sheets
Impact SummaryImpact Summary
• Eliminates estuaries, destroys shell-fish, bird, and invertebrate habitat, increases flooding, encourages other exotic species
Impact SummaryImpact Summary
• Crowds out native vegetation, reduces wildlife habitat, reduces natural inputs to stream structure
Impact SummaryImpact Summary
Destroys fish and invertebrate habitat, impacts water quality, impedes restoration efforts
Impact SummaryImpact Summary
• Reduces land values and recreational use
Impact SummaryImpact Summary
• Reduces forage, threat to human or animal health
Impact SummaryImpact Summary
Wipes out valuable forest understory habitat, reduces biodiversity
Ultimate Goal:Ultimate Goal:Protect Natural ResourcesProtect Natural Resources