Water and Waste Water Management

Water as Vital Entity on Earth

Water

• It is considered as the universal solvent.

• Chemically made up of 2 atoms hydrogen and 1 atom oxygen.

• It is an evidence that supports life.

• It is considered as the most familiar and unusual compound on earth and the common liquid on the surface of the planet.

Reasons

• Ice the solid form of water is less dense than liquid. It forms on the surface of the lakes and insulates the lower layers of water that enables the possibility of marine life.

• Water has higher density than other liquid• It has high specific heat capacity giant

thermostat that to regulate or moderate temperature variations.

Cont….

• Water has high heat vaporization that is large amount of heat is required to evaporate a small amount of water.

• The molecule of water is highly polar.

• ¾ of the earth is composed of water that is 98% salt water, 1% ice, 1% fresh water

• The Water or Hydrologic Cycle Review

The Hydrologic Cycle

The Good Earth/Chapter 11: Streams and Floods

The hydrologic cycle. Water evaporates from oceans, rises through atmosphere, condenses to form clouds, is then released as precipitation that may flow over land in streams, sink underground, or be absorbed by plants.

The Hydrologic Cycle

The Good Earth/Chapter 11: Streams and Floods

Most of the water on land is stored in ice or groundwater.

Water Contamination

• Biological human wastes dumped on ground or into nearest stream tend to cause the spread of disease causing organisms.

• Chemical released from farm, factory and home which are products of industrial revolution specifically wastes from factories, used of fertilizers and pesticides, oil spills in the oceans, estuaries and rivers, acid spills and household chemicals (Ground water contamination toxic chemicals such as hydrocarbons solvents of benzene, toluene, chlorinated HC, methylene chloride and trichloroethylene, LUST leaking underground storage tanks )

• Sea water intrusion

Water Problems

• Depletion of Water Table

• Land Subsidence

• Water Pollution

• Water Scarcity

Reasons for severe water shortage

• Rapidly increasing population

• Rising demands by agriculture, industry and cities

• Urban use and waste water

• Unequal distribution

• Pollution

Classifications of Water

• Soft Water

• Hard Water – minerals

Indicators of Water Quality

• Dissolved Oxygen

• Total dissolved gas concentrations in water should not exceed 110 percent.

• Bubble gas disease (emphysema)

• Oxygen level should not drop to 5 mg/L.

• Massive Fish Killing

Biochemical Oxygen Demand

• It is the amount of dissolved oxygen needed by aerobic biological organisms in a body of water to break down organic material present in a given water sample at certain temperature over a specific time period.

• High BOD means high organic matter or aerobic organisms

Coliforms

Waste Water Treatment Plants

• Raw Water

• Pre Treatment – NaOH or Alum

• Settling and Filtration

• Chlorination

• pH correction

• distribution

Others…

• Activated charcoal

• Bioremediation

• La Mesa Watersheds

Clean Water Act from the water management section EMB-DENR, Quezon

City• The Philippine Clean Water Act of 2004 (R.A.

9275) aims to protect the country’s water bodies from pollution or land based sources ( industries, commercial establishments, agriculture and community household activities ).

• It provides for a comprehensive and integrated strategy to prevent and minimize pollution through a multi sectoral and participatory approach involving all the stakeholders.

R.A. 9275 inhibits the following:• Discharging or depositing any water pollutant to the water body ,or such

which impede the its natural flow.• Discharging, injecting or allowing to enter into the soil anything that pollutes

ground water.• Operating facilities that discharge regulated water pollutants without

required valid permits.• Disposal of potentially infectious medical waste into sea by vessels.• Unauthorized transport or dumping into waters of sewage sludge or solid

waste• Transport, dumping or discharge of prohibited chemicals, substances or

pollutants listed under toxic chemicals, hazardous and nuclear wastes control act of 6969

• Refusal to allow entry, inspection and monitoring as well as access to reports and records by the DENR in accordance with this act.

• Using booster pumps directly• Operate facilities that discharge or allow to seep, willfully or through grave

negligence, prohibited chemicals, substances or pollutants

Who implements?

• DENR• Philippine Coast Guard shall enforce water quality standards in

marine waters specifically from offshore sources.• DPWH provides sewerage and sanitation facilities, and the

efficient and safe collection, treatment and disposal of sewage within their area of jurisdiction.

• DOA shall formulate guidelines for the re-use of waste water for irrigation and other agricultural uses.

• DOH shall set, revise and enforce drinking water quality standards.

• DOST shall evaluate, verify and disseminate pollution prevention and cleaner production technologies.

• DEPED,HEI and DILG public education • wetlands