Water and Aqueous Systems Chemistry Mrs. Coyle. The Water Molecule Bent Two lone electron pairs...
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Transcript of Water and Aqueous Systems Chemistry Mrs. Coyle. The Water Molecule Bent Two lone electron pairs...
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Water and Aqueous Systems
ChemistryMrs. Coyle
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The Water Molecule Bent Two lone electron
pairs Polar molecule
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Hydrogen Bonding:
The intermolecular forces in which hydrogen that is covalently bonded to a very electronegative atom is also weakly bonded to an unshared electron pair of another atom (N, O, F).
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Hydrogen bonding is responsible for many of the unique properties of water such as:
high surface tension
having a low vapor pressure
having a lower density in the solid form than in the liquid form.
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Surface tension causes water to form nearly spherical droplets.
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http://www.chemistryland.com/CHM107/Water/WaterBeadsOnPlantPlusWaterCharge.jpg
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Surface Tension
Surface tension is an inward force that causes the surface to behave as a skin.
The higher the intermolecular forces the greater the surface tension.
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Surface Tension of Water
http://quest.nasa.gov/space/teachers/microgravity/image/66.gif
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Water – Mercury
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Surfactants:
Substances that interfere with the hydrogen bonding between molecules and reduce the surface tension.
Cause spreading or wetting. Examples of surfactants are soaps.
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Water’s Low Vapor Pressure
Because of the hydrogen bonds holding the water molecules together, the molecules have a low tendency to break free from the surface into the vapor phase.
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Water has a relatively high boiling point.
Why?
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Density of Water
Ice has a lower density than liquid water. Maximum density of water happens at
4OC.
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Density of Water
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Ice- (Honeycomb Shape)