Watch the animation, then state the process being shown.
-
Upload
thomasina-armstrong -
Category
Documents
-
view
213 -
download
0
Transcript of Watch the animation, then state the process being shown.
![Page 1: Watch the animation, then state the process being shown.](https://reader037.fdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022110322/56649d0c5503460f949e04c8/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Watch the animation, then state the process being shown
![Page 2: Watch the animation, then state the process being shown.](https://reader037.fdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022110322/56649d0c5503460f949e04c8/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
![Page 3: Watch the animation, then state the process being shown.](https://reader037.fdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022110322/56649d0c5503460f949e04c8/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
![Page 4: Watch the animation, then state the process being shown.](https://reader037.fdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022110322/56649d0c5503460f949e04c8/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
![Page 5: Watch the animation, then state the process being shown.](https://reader037.fdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022110322/56649d0c5503460f949e04c8/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
![Page 6: Watch the animation, then state the process being shown.](https://reader037.fdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022110322/56649d0c5503460f949e04c8/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
![Page 7: Watch the animation, then state the process being shown.](https://reader037.fdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022110322/56649d0c5503460f949e04c8/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
What process was shown?
![Page 8: Watch the animation, then state the process being shown.](https://reader037.fdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022110322/56649d0c5503460f949e04c8/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
What is diffusion?
The movement of substances down a concentration gradient from a region of high concentration to a low
concentrationDescribe what happened in the animation
![Page 9: Watch the animation, then state the process being shown.](https://reader037.fdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022110322/56649d0c5503460f949e04c8/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Watch the next animation and state what process is shown
![Page 10: Watch the animation, then state the process being shown.](https://reader037.fdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022110322/56649d0c5503460f949e04c8/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Extracellular space
Intracellular space
Water molecules
Cell membrane
![Page 11: Watch the animation, then state the process being shown.](https://reader037.fdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022110322/56649d0c5503460f949e04c8/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Extracellular space
Intracellular space
![Page 12: Watch the animation, then state the process being shown.](https://reader037.fdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022110322/56649d0c5503460f949e04c8/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Extracellular space
Intracellular space
![Page 13: Watch the animation, then state the process being shown.](https://reader037.fdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022110322/56649d0c5503460f949e04c8/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Extracellular space
Intracellular space
![Page 14: Watch the animation, then state the process being shown.](https://reader037.fdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022110322/56649d0c5503460f949e04c8/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Extracellular space
Intracellular space
![Page 15: Watch the animation, then state the process being shown.](https://reader037.fdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022110322/56649d0c5503460f949e04c8/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Extracellular space
Intracellular space
![Page 16: Watch the animation, then state the process being shown.](https://reader037.fdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022110322/56649d0c5503460f949e04c8/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Extracellular space
Intracellular space
![Page 17: Watch the animation, then state the process being shown.](https://reader037.fdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022110322/56649d0c5503460f949e04c8/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Extracellular space
Intracellular space
![Page 18: Watch the animation, then state the process being shown.](https://reader037.fdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022110322/56649d0c5503460f949e04c8/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Extracellular space
Intracellular space
![Page 19: Watch the animation, then state the process being shown.](https://reader037.fdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022110322/56649d0c5503460f949e04c8/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Extracellular space
Intracellular space
What process was shown?
Describe what happened in the animation
Why did the water molecule use a channel protein and not just cross straight through the lipid bilayer?
![Page 20: Watch the animation, then state the process being shown.](https://reader037.fdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022110322/56649d0c5503460f949e04c8/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
What is osmosis?
The diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane from a high concentration to a low concentration
![Page 21: Watch the animation, then state the process being shown.](https://reader037.fdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022110322/56649d0c5503460f949e04c8/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Why does diffusion/osmosis occur?
• Organisms must maintain homeostasis and diffusion/osmosis allows cells to receive necessary nutrients and release unwanted waste
![Page 22: Watch the animation, then state the process being shown.](https://reader037.fdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022110322/56649d0c5503460f949e04c8/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
What is needed in mammalian cells?Ham's Tissue Culture Medium for Mammalian Cells(amounts dissolved in 1 liter of triple distilled water)
L-Arginine 211 mg Biotin 0.024 mg
L-Histidine 21 mg Calcium pantothenate 0.7 mg
L-Lysine 29.3 mg Choline chloride 0.69 mg
L-Methionine 4.48 mg i-inositol 0.54 mg
L-Phenylalanine 4.96 mg Niacinamide 0.6 mg
L-Tryptophan 0.6 mg Pyridoxine hydrochloride 0.2 mg
L-Tyrosine 1.81 mg Riboflavin 0.37 mg
L-Alanine 8.91 mg Thymidine 0.7 mg
Glycine 7.51 mg Cyanocobalamin 1.3 mg
L-Serine 10.5 mg Sodium pyruvate 110 mg
L-Threonine 3.57 mg Lipoic acid 0.2 mg
L-Aspartic acid 13.3 mg CaCl2 44 mg
L-Glutamic acid 14.7 mg MgSO4.7H2O 153 mg
L-Asparagine 15 mg Glucose 1.1 g
L-Glutamine 146.2 mg NaCl 7.4 g
L-Isoleucine 2.6 mg KCl 285 mg
L-Leucine 13.1 mg Na2HPO4 290 mg
L-Proline 11.5 mg KH2PO4 83 mg
L-Valine 3.5 mg Phenol red 1.2 mg
L-Cysteine 31.5 mg FeSO4 0.83 mg
Thiamine hydrochloride 1 mg CuSO4.5H2O 0.0025 mg
Hypoxanthine 4 mg ZnSO4.7H2O 0.028 mg
Folic acid 1.3 mg NaHCO3 1.2 g
![Page 23: Watch the animation, then state the process being shown.](https://reader037.fdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022110322/56649d0c5503460f949e04c8/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Why are so many nutrients needed for mammalian cells?
• Because mammals have several different cells that perform different tasks and would require different nutrients to perform those tasks
![Page 24: Watch the animation, then state the process being shown.](https://reader037.fdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022110322/56649d0c5503460f949e04c8/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Cellular Transport in other organisms
How osmosis works
![Page 25: Watch the animation, then state the process being shown.](https://reader037.fdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022110322/56649d0c5503460f949e04c8/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Osmosis in an Elodea Leaf• Elodea is a common freshwater plant that is
frequently used to decorate aquariums.
• Freshwater is hypotonic to Elodea and maintains normal osmotic pressure (internal pressure) in the plant.
• A hypotonic solution is a solution that contains less (hypo) solutes than the cytoplasm of the cell.
• Thus, a hypotonic solution has more water than the cell and water has a tendency to move (diffuse) into the cell.
• Plant cells do not rupture because the cell walls resist the outward expansion of the plasma membrane.
![Page 26: Watch the animation, then state the process being shown.](https://reader037.fdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022110322/56649d0c5503460f949e04c8/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
What happens to Elodea in a hypotonic solution?
Osmotic pressure increases because water enters the cell
![Page 27: Watch the animation, then state the process being shown.](https://reader037.fdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022110322/56649d0c5503460f949e04c8/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Osmosis in an Elodea Leaf• A hypertonic solution is a solution that
contains more (hyper) solutes than the cytoplasm of the cell.
• Thus, a hypertonic solution has less water than the cell and water has a tendency to move (diffuse) out of the cell.
• Plant cells do not shrivel because the cell walls resist the inward decrease of the plasma membrane.
![Page 28: Watch the animation, then state the process being shown.](https://reader037.fdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022110322/56649d0c5503460f949e04c8/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
What happens to Elodea in a hypertonic solution?
Osmotic pressure decreases because water leaves the cell
![Page 29: Watch the animation, then state the process being shown.](https://reader037.fdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022110322/56649d0c5503460f949e04c8/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
• Water will continue to move mostly into or out of a cell until it has reached equilibrium
• Once the cell has reached equilibrium or homeostasis, water continues to move in both direction
![Page 30: Watch the animation, then state the process being shown.](https://reader037.fdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022110322/56649d0c5503460f949e04c8/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Osmosis in human blood cells
![Page 31: Watch the animation, then state the process being shown.](https://reader037.fdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022110322/56649d0c5503460f949e04c8/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
What happens to a red blood cell in an Isotonic solution?
Red blood cells
It means you have an equal amount of solute inside and outside the cell
10% salt
10% salt
Plant cell
![Page 32: Watch the animation, then state the process being shown.](https://reader037.fdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022110322/56649d0c5503460f949e04c8/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
What happens to a red blood cell in a Hypotonic solution?
Red blood cells
Because there is only a cell membrane the blood cell could burst
10% salt
20% salt
Plant cell
![Page 33: Watch the animation, then state the process being shown.](https://reader037.fdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022110322/56649d0c5503460f949e04c8/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
What happens to a red blood cell in a Hypertonic solution?
Red blood cells
Red blood cells will shrivel up because the cell membrane does not provide enough support
20% salt
10% salt
Plant cell
![Page 34: Watch the animation, then state the process being shown.](https://reader037.fdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022110322/56649d0c5503460f949e04c8/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Paramecia are freshwater protozoa (single-celled eukaryotes) found in pond water
Osmosis in Paramecium
• Freshwater is hypotonic to Paramecium, and results in the osmotic movement of water into the cell.
• Specialized organelles called contractile vacuoles function in the homeostatic maintenance of normal osmotic pressure
![Page 35: Watch the animation, then state the process being shown.](https://reader037.fdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022110322/56649d0c5503460f949e04c8/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Paramecium
Contractile vacuoles
![Page 37: Watch the animation, then state the process being shown.](https://reader037.fdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022110322/56649d0c5503460f949e04c8/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Types of Diffusion
Passive diffusion and Active diffusion
![Page 38: Watch the animation, then state the process being shown.](https://reader037.fdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022110322/56649d0c5503460f949e04c8/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Facilitated Diffusion a form of Passive Diffusion
• Movement of molecules such as glucose and water through the cell membrane using channel and carrier proteins
• Does not require the input of energy• Example: osmosis
![Page 39: Watch the animation, then state the process being shown.](https://reader037.fdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022110322/56649d0c5503460f949e04c8/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Active Transport
• Movement of material from low concentration to high concentration or against the concentration gradient
• Requires energy
![Page 40: Watch the animation, then state the process being shown.](https://reader037.fdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022110322/56649d0c5503460f949e04c8/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
concentration gradient
high
low
high
low
With the concentration gradient Is energy input needed?
Against the concentration gradient Is energy input needed?
![Page 41: Watch the animation, then state the process being shown.](https://reader037.fdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022110322/56649d0c5503460f949e04c8/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Movement of nutrients and waste across the cell membrane
![Page 42: Watch the animation, then state the process being shown.](https://reader037.fdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022110322/56649d0c5503460f949e04c8/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Endocytosis/phagocytosis• A type of active transport
that moves large amounts of material into the cell
• Endo= intoCyto= cell
• Another type of active transport removes large amounts of materials out of the cell
• Exo= out of Cyto= cell
Exocytosis