Wastewater Treatment - Thatchers Cider - UK… · Wastewater Treatment. Case Study. Thatchers Cider...
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BiOWiSH™ Aqua Benefits • Reduces sludge production and handling • Increases plant capacity by reducing contact time • Eliminates odorous emissions • Delivers substantial energy savings due to reduced aeration • Minimizes need for chemical additives • Stabilizes and improves plant treatment performance • Lowers hydrogen sulphide, ammonia and nitrate levels • Pre-treats influent in collection systems • 100% natural and non-toxic Available Sizes • 100g/3.5oz • 1kg/2.2lb Wastewater Treatment Case Study Thatchers Cider Company Ltd, United Kingdom Background Thatchers Cider Company Ltd is a manufacturer of cider and fruit juices situated in the county of Somerset, UK with an estimated annual (cider) production of around 28 million litres. Effluent from cider and juice production is treated at a separate site situated half a mile from the factory. The effluent is pumped through a private 4 inch main to the 11 acre treatment site. The schematic of effluent treatment is shown in Figure 1. Treated effluent is pumped into the public sewer for treatment and disposal at Weston-super- Mare municipal sewage treatment works. Figure 1. Schematic of Effluent System Lagoon 2 Lagoon 1 Lagoon 4 Lagoon 5 Lagoon 3 Settlement Tanks Circular Tank Pumped flow to treatment Pumped final effluent to sewer Lagoon 1: primary lagoon Lagoon 2: storage lagoon Lagoon 3: primary aeration lagoon Lagoon 4: secondary aeration lagoon Lagoon 5: final effluent lagoon Biological Help for the Human Race ™
Transcript of Wastewater Treatment - Thatchers Cider - UK… · Wastewater Treatment. Case Study. Thatchers Cider...
BiOWiSH™ Aqua Benefits
• Reducessludgeproductionandhandling
• Increasesplantcapacitybyreducingcontacttime
• Eliminatesodorousemissions
• Deliverssubstantialenergysavingsduetoreducedaeration
• Minimizesneedforchemicaladditives
• Stabilizesandimprovesplanttreatmentperformance
• Lowershydrogensulphide,ammoniaandnitratelevels
• Pre-treatsinfluentincollectionsystems
• 100%naturalandnon-toxic
Available Sizes
• 100g/3.5oz
• 1kg/2.2lb
Wastewater Treatment
Case Study
Thatchers Cider Company Ltd, United Kingdom
Background
ThatchersCiderCompanyLtdisamanufacturerofciderandfruitjuicessituatedinthecountyofSomerset,UKwithanestimatedannual(cider)productionofaround28millionlitres.Effluentfromciderandjuiceproductionistreatedataseparatesitesituatedhalfamilefromthefactory.Theeffluentispumpedthroughaprivate4inchmaintothe11acretreatmentsite.
TheschematicofeffluenttreatmentisshowninFigure1.TreatedeffluentispumpedintothepublicsewerfortreatmentanddisposalatWeston-super-Maremunicipalsewagetreatmentworks.
Figure 1. Schematic of Effluent System
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Lagoon 5: final effluent lagoon
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Biological Help for the Human Race™
Productionatthefactoryisdividedintotwokeyparts.
1. Theon-goingmanufactureofciderfromapplejuice;thistakesplaceallyearround
2. Theprocessingoffruittoproduceciderandotherproductssuchasblackcurrantjuice;thistakesplacefromJulytoDecember
Bothoftheseprocessesproduceeffluentresultingfromthewashingandcleaningofprocessequipment,fruitandproductpackaging.
Theorganicstrengthofeffluentproducedduringthemanufactureofciderisapproximatelydoublethatoftheeffluentproducedduringfruitprocessing.Fruitprocessingusesevaporatorstoreducethevolumeofthejuiceforlongtermstorage;theresultingeffluentisdilutedbylargevolumesofcondensateandissignificantlyweakerinstrength.
Effluentfromthevariousproductionprocessesaredischargedviathefactorydrainagesystemintoalargesump.Itisthenpumpedtothetreatmentsiteusingaseriesoffloatstoregulatetheflow.
AsaresultoftheseasonalnatureofThatchers’ciderprocessing,theeffluentdischargedfromthesetwoproductionregimesrequireatreatmentsystemthatcanaccomodatealargevariationinflowandload.
Objectives
ThetwomainenvironmentalobjectivesofThatchers’were:
• Odorcontrol
• Sludgereduction
Thetreatmentsitecontainsalargevolumeofstoreduntreatedeffluent.Thiscreatesstrongodors,especiallyduringwarmweather.Theeliminationoftheseodorsisahighpriority.
Theremovalanddisposalofwastesludgeisexpensive,typically£250/tanker(US$410/tanker),withuptofourloadsaweekduringthehighseason.ThatcherswereobviouslykeentoreducethesecostsandtheydecidedtotrialBiOWiSH™ AquaforaninitialperiodofsixweeksbeginninginMay.
Results
Odor Reduction
BiOWiSH™hasreducedtheodoremanatingfromtheprimarylagoon.Theinstallationoftheaeratorwasbeneficialandaideddistributionofthebiocatalysts.Duringpeakflows,odorfromthestoragelagoonhadalsodiminished.However,asproductiondecreasedandthefactorydischargedeclined,thespilloverofeffluentfromtheprimarytothestoragelagoonreducedtoalowdailyvolume(328m3insummerto123m3inwinter).Thisresultedinanincreaseinodorbecauseinsufficientbiocatalystswerebeingtransferredtothestoragelagoonduringlowflowconditions.Tocounterthisoutcome,BiOWiSH™dosingwasmodifiedsothat1kgwasdividedequallybetweenthethreelagoons.Theodoremanatingfromthestoragelagoonhassinceimproved.
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Sludge Reduction
TheapplicationofBiOWiSH™hasbeenhighlysuccessfulinbreakingdownorganicmatter,therebyreducingsludge.Thisoutcomehasbeenobservedintheprimaryandaerationlagoons.
PriortotheapplicationofBiOWiSH™,thesludgelevelintheprimarylagoonwas0.4mabovethebase,amajorsourceofodorandsepticity.Throughouttheapplicationperiod,dipsweretakenandsludgelevelsmeasured.InJanuary,thesludgelevelwasmeasuredat0.15mabovebase.
Thereductioninmixedliquorsolidsintheprimaryaerationlagooncanbemeasuredbythevolumeofsludgesettlingintheclarifiers.Onaverage,throughouttheBiOWiSH™applicationperiod,75%ofsettledsludgehasbeeneliminated.Thesludgereductionisalsodepictedbythenumberoftankerloadstakenoff-sitefromThatchersasshowninFigures2and3.Theremaining25%ofsettledsludgeisnowreturnedtotheaerationlagoontomaintainthebiomass.
Increase in Biological Capacity
AlthoughgeneraleffluentqualityhasremainedstaticafterusingBiOWiSH™,thebiologicalloadingtotheaerationlagoonshasbeenincreased.ThiswasparticularlynoticeableduringearlyNovemberwhentheeffluentstrengthinthestoragelagoonexceeded7000mg/landthetemperaturewaslow.Atthistime,flowtotreatmentwasrunningat173m3/day,equatingto1211kgCOD/day.Duringthewinter,evenwithmixedliquortemperatureat3.50C,biologicalactivitywastakingplacealbeitatalowerflowrateof123m3/day.
Improvement in Process Stability
TheadditionofBiOWiSH™hasimprovedthestabilityofthebiologicalprocessintheprimaryaerationlagoon.Overweekendswithnooperationalinput,thequalityoftheeffluentremainssteady.Itisalsonoticeableafterovernightpowercuts,thattheprocessquicklyreturnstonormaloncepowerisreinstated.Thebiologicalprocessisnowabletoadapttoshockloadingwithoutnegativeimpact–thisresultisnoticeablewhenexcessivesludgeisreturnedtothesystemfollowingtheweekend.
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Removal of Algal Bloom
Throughoutthisexercise,includingthetrialperiod,littlehasbeenstatedregardingtheoverallperformanceofthetreatmentprocesses,particularly,thefinaleffluentquality.ThereasonisthatBiOWiSH™hashadlittleimpactontheeffluentqualitydownstreamoftheclarifiers.ThequalityremainswellwithinconsentlimitsasitwaspriortoBiOWiSH™dosing.ThatcherseffluenttreatmentplantperformanceisasshowninFigure4.
Thereis,however,onenotabledifference:theremovalofalgalbloom.Thealgaedevelopsinthefinallagoonduringthesummer,wheneffluentqualityisgood,especiallyafterseveraldaysofstrongsunlight.Asaresult,theeffluentmaydoubleinstrengthandhasasignificantimpactontradeeffluentcharges.ThealgalbloomwasabsentduringtheBiOWiSH™dosingperiod.
Conclusions
Insummary,thetwokeyreasonsfortriallingBiOWiSH™ Aquawasthepotentialtoeliminateodorandtoreducesludgeproduction.Bothobjectiveshavebeenbroadlyachieved.Sludgereduction(75%),hasbeenhighlysuccessful,asdemonstratedbythefallintankerreceipts.
OtherbenefitsassociatedwithBiOWiSH™areabonus,namely,processstabilityandtheremovalofalgaefromthefinaleffluentlagoon.
ThemaincostfactorassociatedwiththedosingofBiOWiSH™isthecomparisonoftheannualcostoftheproductandthecostofremovingsurplussludge.DuringtheBiOWiSH™trial,thevolumeofsurplussludgeremovedoff-sitewas25%ofthevolumenormallyexpected.ThisvalueislikelytodecreaseasexperienceisgainedusingBiOWiSH™andthebiocatalystsreachtheirfullpotentialthroughthesystem.
SincethetrialbeganinMay,ThatchershasbeenusingBiOWiSH™foreightmonths.Muchoftheearlypartoftheprogrammehasrequiredchangestothestartermake-up,dosingschedule,distributionoftheproduct,thedailysludgereturnandageneraladaptationtothenewprocess(refertothesucceedingsectionformoredetails).ThefullevaluationofhowBiOWiSH™reactstothetreatmentprocessisstillongoing.
Figure 4. Effluent Treatment Plant Performance
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TheThatcherslagoonsystemisamajorfactorwhenanalysingthecostofdosingBiOWiSH™.Thelargevolumeofuntreatedeffluentintheprimaryandstoragelagoonsassimilatedallshockdosesandrequiredconsiderablymoreproductthancomparedwithaconventional24hrbalancedsystem.However,oncestabilised,alowerdaily‘workingconcentration’of1kgwasshowntobeeffective.Onthisbasis,comparativecostsmaybederived.
• AnnualcostofsurplussludgedisposalwithouttreatmentwithBiOWiSH™ Aqua:65tankers/annum@£250/tanker=£16250(US$26650)
• AnnualcostofBiOWiSH™ Aquaat£60/kg@6kg/week=£18720(US$31200).AnnualcostofsurplussludgedisposalwithBiOWiSH™dosing=£3000(US$4900).Totalannualcost=£21720(US$35500).
Therewasnosignificantimprovementinthequalityofthefinaleffluent.Therefore,noreductionintradeeffluentchargescouldbeattributedtoBiOWiSH™dosing.However,theeliminationofalgaefromthefinaleffluentlagoonsavedtheannualcostofpurchasing4kgofgeneralpurposebacteria(£350)(US$570).
ThefiguresaboveshowthattheannualcostusingBiOWiSH™ Aquaismoreexpensivethanthepreviousconventionalmethodofeffluenttreatment.Theextracostis£5120/annum(US$8350).Thisincreaseshouldbeconsideredasthecostofeliminatingodorsfromthesite,amajorenvironmentalfactorassociatedwitheffluenttreatmentandafundamentalobjectiveofThatchersCider.
Implementation Program
Thatchers’effluenttreatmentprocessisunusualbecauseofthelargevolumeofstoragecapacity.Whenfull,thestoragelagooncontainsaverylargeorganicloadand,unlikeanormaldaytodaydischarge,theBiOWiSH™dosingscheduleshouldreflectthiscondition.Onthisbasisitwasdecidedtoshockdosetheprimaryandstoragelagoonswiththeproductonadiminishingscaleandaddadailydoseof2mg/ltotheprimarylagoon.Theassumptionwasthatthebiocatalyticactivitywouldtransferthroughtotheprimaryaerationlagoonandtheremainingprocesses.Organicstrengthinthestoragelagoonatthistimewas4100mg/lCODwithaflowratetotheaerationlagoonof328m3/day.
TheBiOWiSH™starterwasmixedwithwateratbetween5g/land10g/landthetemperaturemaintainedabove150C.Thestarterwasdistributedatvariouspointsaroundtheperimeterofthelagoonstoaidmixing.
ThisinitialtrialwhichbeganinMaywasonlypartiallysuccessful.Theodorwassomewhatreducedandthemixedliquorqualityintheaerationlagoonimproved,resultinginanincreaseinpHfrom7.9to8.1understableconditions.However,nonoticeablechangewasobservedinthevolumeofsludgeproduced.Afterconsideration,thelowstart-upmixturetemperature,theinsufficiencyofdaytodaydosingandtheincorrectdosinglocationwerethefactorsthatcontributedtothisoutcome.
However,itsoonbecameapparentthattheshockloadingofBiOWiSH™hadbeenassimilatedbythelargemassoforganicmattercontainedinthetwolagoons–theprimarylagooncontainedsludgethatwasapproximately0.5mindepth;hence,insufficientBiOWiSH™activitywasreachingtheaerationprocessdespitedosingatanestablishedrateof2mg/l.
Withtheendofthetrialapproachingadecisionwasmade,basedontheexperiencegained,tocontinuewithBiOWiSH™.Thedosingregimewasamendedsothattheproductwouldbesharedbetweentheprimarylagoonandtheprimaryaerationlagoon.ItwasconsideredthatBiOWiSH™wouldbe,initially,farmoreeffectiveinreducingsludgeifitweredoseddirectlyintothebiologicalprocess.Continuationwithdosingatthefrontendasbeforewouldalsocontroltheodorissue.
Theseassumptionsturnedouttobebroadlycorrect,andwiththeknowledgethatdosingwasrelatedtoloadandnotflow,theaerationprocesswastransformed.ThiswasinAugustwhenThatchershighseason’sproductionhadbeenrunningforaboutamonth.
Withinfourdaysofdosingintotheaerationlagoon,thevolumeofmixedliquorbegantoreduce;thiswasnoticeablewhenemptyingtheclarifiers.Settleabilityofthesludgeimproved,producingadensersludgeandaclearerinterfacebetweensludgeandliquid.ThepHofthemixedliquorsteadiedat8.2to8.3,andthegeneralstabilityoftheprocessimproved,allowinganincreaseinbiologicalloadingwithoutdetriment.
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BiOWiSH™dosing,atthisstage,was1kg/dayintheprimarylagoonand500g/dayintheprimaryaerationlagoon.Thehighdosingoftheprimarylagoonwascontinuedbecauseoftheanaerobicconditions.Considerableactivitywasrequiredtoreducethevolumeofsludgeandkeeptheodorundercontrol.
Aftertwoweeks,thevolumeofsludgeintheclarifiersreducedby75%.Mostofthesludgewasreturnedtotheaerationlagoontomaximisebiologicalactivity.
Thedosingschedulecontinuedthroughouttheseasonwhenproductionchangedfromblackcurranttoappleprocessing.Theeffluentfromappleprocessingexertsgreaterorganicloadingsandcanbeproblematictotreat.However,thebiologicalactivityintheaerationlagoonwassustainedintheearlystageswithpHholdingupataflowrateof328m3/dayandCODof4750mg/l.Asexpected,withtheseasonprogressing,theambienttemperaturestarteddroppingandbymid-Octobertheraweffluentstrengthintheprimarylagoonincreasedto10000mg/l.Theeffluentfeedtotheaerationlagoonincreasedto5750mg/l.AtthisstagedistributionofBiOWiSH™intheprimarylagoonwasconsideredinadequate,soasmall1.5kwsurfaceaeratorwasinstalled.Theaimwastoimprovemixingandminimisesepticity.
ByearlyNovember,organicstrengthinthestoragelagoonhadincreasedto7000mg/lrequiringtheflowratetotheaerationlagoontobereducedto172m3/day.
ThedecisionwastakentoreduceBiOWiSH™dosingbecauseofthelongtermcostvstreatmentfactors.Thedosingwasreducedto1kg/dsharedequallybetweentheprimaryandaerationlagoon.
Afurtherreductionintheflowratetotheaerationlagoonwasrequired(to144m3/day)becauseofthedecliningambienttemperatureandtheconsequentreductioninactivity–droppingpHlevels,increasingCODconcentrationsandpoorersludgesettlementallindicatingthefalloffineffluentquality.
DuringmuchofDecember,ambienttemperaturesremainedbelow00C,causingbiologicalactivitytofurtherdecline.Organicstrengthofthestoragelagoonpeakedat7750mg/landflowtotreatmentwasreducedto123m3/d.However,effluentstrengthintheprimarylagoonhaddecreasedfrom10000mg/lto7000mg/lasaresultoftheimproveddistribution(aerator)ofBiOWiSH™andthereductioninraweffluentflowfromthefactory.
ThroughoutJanuary,effluenttreatmenthasremainedsteadywithallsludgereturnedtotheaerationlagoonandfinaleffluentqualitywithinconsentlimits.
Duringthewintermonths,theBiOWiSH™startersolutionwasheatedtobetween200and250Candthedosingmaintainedatarateof1kg/day.
Contacts
BiOWiSH Technologies
Email:[email protected]
Adrian Cook
Simply Environmental
M:+447818553234
T:+441275871103
W:www.simplyenvironmental.co.uk
CSWT26JU11INT
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