Wastewater treatment facility and public park in ...20Poster%20FEB… · The wastewater treatment...
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THE SOLUTION : THE PROBLEM : WHO PAID? WHAT CHANGED? SCALING UP : WHO DID WHAT? Wastewater treatment facility and public park in Bhubaneswar, INDIA CASE STUDY NO. 12 FOR MORE INFORMATION : These posters were drawn from detailed case studies in seven Asian countries which document a broad spectrum of innova- tive, successful and pro-poor approaches to water supply, water conservation, wastewater management and public sani- tation, from which useful lessons can be derived. All the case studies, as well as the contact details of the project implementors, can be downloaded from the ESCAP website www.unescap.org/pdd/water Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific ESCAP U N I T E D N A T I O N S water and wastewater management Bhubaneswar’s population generates about 180 million liters of sewage and wastewater every day. With no sewage system and only minimal treatment, all this wastewater and sewage - which is even more concentrated in the dry season - flows directly into the city’s rivers, lakes and wetlands (some of which are drinking water sources), seriously polluting them and deteriorating the overall urban environment. At the same time that many of Bhubaneswar’s water bodies and low-lying wetland areas were degenerating into open sewers, the city was finding itself seriously short of parks, greenbelts and recreation spaces for its growing population. One of these highly polluted sites, surrounding a small lake at the center of town, had actually been set aside in the Bhubaneswar Master Plan as a greenbelt and recreation area, but lack of funds and expertise had prevented the government from cleaning it up and developing it. To clean up the polluted lake and turn what had been an environmental lost cause into an economic asset for Bhubaneswar, the city made an unconventional decision: to combine a profit-making amusement park and a wastewater treatment plant in a single project. To implement the project, a public-private partnership between NICCO Parks and the Bhubaneswar Development Authority was signed in 1996, and a joint sector company, BDA-NICCO Park, was registered in 1997. Construction of the amusement park started in 1997 and it began operating commercially as a for-profit, private enterprise in 1998. As part of the project, the lake in the middle of the new park, which continued to be an outlet for some of the city’s wastewater, was fitted with a filtration plant to clean the water and developed for boating facili- ties. But given the high level of water contamination, the filtration plant was inadequate. So with support from the Xavier Institute of Management, a wastewater treatment facility was set up a few years later, using biotic methods such as fish ponds, oxidation tanks and natural water plants like duckweed to filter and clean the wastewater. This “green” wastewater treatment facility was inaugurated in August 2003 and handed over to BDA-NICCO Park in September 2004. The full project budget was Rs 49.5 million (US$ 1.13 million), including Rs 44 million (US$ 1 million) for setting up the amusement park and Rs 5.5 million (US$ 125,000) for the wastewater treatment facility. The amusement park : Of the amount budgeted for the park, Rs 12 million (US$ 272,730) was provided as equity by NICCO Parks and the BDA, Rs 27.5 million (US$ 625,000) came as a loan from IPICOL, Rs 2.1 million (US$ 47,730) as a loan from the Orissa State Finance Corporation and Rs 1.6 million (US$ 36,363) came from internal revenues raised through ticket sales, sponsorship, marketing kiosks, paid rides and private parties. The wastewater treatment facility was funded by ICEF. While funding for the park was sufficient to get it started, the funds for the wastewater treatment fell short, and the project has so far cost Rs 6.5 million (US$ 147,727). The main objectives of the project were to expand affordable recreation facilities in Bhubaneswar and to improve the city’s sanitation and wastewater treatment systems in a cost-effective way. The first objec- tive was achieved successfully, with more than 1.2 million paying visitors to the park so far. The waste- water treatment facility has also been moderately successful, treating four million liters of wastewater each day - a little less than 1% of the city’s total daily wastewater. Although the project did not specifically target the poor, it did create employment for about 80 low-income workers in the park, and the wastewa- ter treatment facility has improved the quality of water downstream from the project site, where many poor communities continue to use the river as a source of water for many daily tasks. The key innovation of this project has been the linking of wastewater management with a commercial activity in a “public-private” partnership that is likely to bring benefits to both the community and to the commercial operators. The project shows how the profit motive and public interest can complement each other to create outcomes which benefit everyone. By linking the city’s urban development goals to a profit-making activity (recreation), in such a way that the commercial activity is dependent on the non- commercial one, the incentive for private investment is strengthened. On the technical side, the simple and low-cost technology used in the project’s “green” water treatment process in the lake make it easy for local people to manage and maintain, and this is a feature that could easily be replicated in other cities. The project demonstrates that a public-private partnership can be developed and implemented suc- cessfully between partners with seemingly different goals, if the roles and responsibilities of the dif- ferent stakeholders are clearly de- marcated and everyone benefits : NICCO Parks , a private recreation com- pany which sets up and manages amusement parks, operates and man- ages the facility, and markets and pro- motes the amusement park. Bhubaneswar Development Author- ity (BDA), a state government agency responsible for all city-level planning, li- aised with all external agencies to ob- tain necessary approvals. Government of Orissa provided the land for the project. The Investment Promotion Corpora- tion of Orissa, Ltd. provided the loan to partly finance the park. Xavier Institute of Management (XIM) designed and established the bi- otic wastewater treatment system. India Canada Environment Facility (ICEF), a funding agency which sup- ports water and energy initiatives, pro- vided financial support for the waste- water treatment system.
Transcript of Wastewater treatment facility and public park in ...20Poster%20FEB… · The wastewater treatment...
THE SOLUTION :
THE PROBLEM :
WHO PAID?
WHAT CHANGED?
SCALING UP :
WHO DID WHAT?
Wastewatertreatment facility
and public parkin Bhubaneswar,
INDIA
CASE STUDY NO. 12
FOR MORE INFORMATION :These posters were drawn from detailed case studies in sevenAsian countries which document a broad spectrum of innova-tive, successful and pro-poor approaches to water supply,water conservation, wastewater management and public sani-tation, from which useful lessons can be derived. All the casestudies, as well as the contact details of the projectimplementors, can be downloaded from the ESCAP websitewww.unescap.org/pdd/water
Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the PacificESCAPU N I T E D N A T I O N S
water and wastewater management
Bhubaneswar’s population generates about 180 million liters of sewage and wastewater every day. Withno sewage system and only minimal treatment, all this wastewater and sewage - which is even moreconcentrated in the dry season - flows directly into the city’s rivers, lakes and wetlands (some of whichare drinking water sources), seriously polluting them and deteriorating the overall urban environment. Atthe same time that many of Bhubaneswar’s water bodies and low-lying wetland areas were degeneratinginto open sewers, the city was finding itself seriously short of parks, greenbelts and recreation spaces forits growing population. One of these highly polluted sites, surrounding a small lake at the center of town,had actually been set aside in the Bhubaneswar Master Plan as a greenbelt and recreation area, but lackof funds and expertise had prevented the government from cleaning it up and developing it.
To clean up the polluted lake and turn what had been an environmental lost cause into an economic assetfor Bhubaneswar, the city made an unconventional decision: to combine a profit-making amusementpark and a wastewater treatment plant in a single project. To implement the project, a public-privatepartnership between NICCO Parks and the Bhubaneswar Development Authority was signed in 1996,and a joint sector company, BDA-NICCO Park, was registered in 1997. Construction of the amusementpark started in 1997 and it began operating commercially as a for-profit, private enterprise in 1998.
As part of the project, the lake in the middle of the new park, which continued to be an outlet for some ofthe city’s wastewater, was fitted with a filtration plant to clean the water and developed for boating facili-ties. But given the high level of water contamination, the filtration plant was inadequate. So with supportfrom the Xavier Institute of Management, a wastewater treatment facility was set up a few years later,using biotic methods such as fish ponds, oxidation tanks and natural water plants like duckweed to filterand clean the wastewater. This “green” wastewater treatment facility was inaugurated in August 2003and handed over to BDA-NICCO Park in September 2004.
The full project budget was Rs 49.5 million (US$ 1.13 million), including Rs 44 million (US$ 1 million) forsetting up the amusement park and Rs 5.5 million (US$ 125,000) for the wastewater treatment facility.
The amusement park : Of the amount budgeted for the park, Rs 12 million (US$ 272,730) wasprovided as equity by NICCO Parks and the BDA, Rs 27.5 million (US$ 625,000) came as a loan fromIPICOL, Rs 2.1 million (US$ 47,730) as a loan from the Orissa State Finance Corporation and Rs 1.6million (US$ 36,363) came from internal revenues raised through ticket sales, sponsorship, marketingkiosks, paid rides and private parties.
The wastewater treatment facility was funded by ICEF. While funding for the park was sufficient toget it started, the funds for the wastewater treatment fell short, and the project has so far cost Rs 6.5million (US$ 147,727).
The main objectives of the project were to expand affordable recreation facilities in Bhubaneswar and toimprove the city’s sanitation and wastewater treatment systems in a cost-effective way. The first objec-tive was achieved successfully, with more than 1.2 million paying visitors to the park so far. The waste-water treatment facility has also been moderately successful, treating four million liters of wastewatereach day - a little less than 1% of the city’s total daily wastewater. Although the project did not specificallytarget the poor, it did create employment for about 80 low-income workers in the park, and the wastewa-ter treatment facility has improved the quality of water downstream from the project site, where manypoor communities continue to use the river as a source of water for many daily tasks.
The key innovation of this project has been the linking of wastewater management with a commercialactivity in a “public-private” partnership that is likely to bring benefits to both the community and to thecommercial operators. The project shows how the profit motive and public interest can complementeach other to create outcomes which benefit everyone. By linking the city’s urban development goals toa profit-making activity (recreation), in such a way that the commercial activity is dependent on the non-commercial one, the incentive for private investment is strengthened. On the technical side, the simpleand low-cost technology used in the project’s “green” water treatment process in the lake make it easyfor local people to manage and maintain, and this is a feature that could easily be replicated in other cities.
The project demonstrates that apublic-private partnership can bedeveloped and implemented suc-cessfully between partners withseemingly different goals, if theroles and responsibilities of the dif-ferent stakeholders are clearly de-marcated and everyone benefits :
NICCO Parks, a private recreation com-pany which sets up and managesamusement parks, operates and man-ages the facility, and markets and pro-motes the amusement park.Bhubaneswar Development Author-ity (BDA), a state government agencyresponsible for all city-level planning, li-aised with all external agencies to ob-tain necessary approvals.Government of Orissa provided theland for the project.The Investment Promotion Corpora-tion of Orissa, Ltd. provided the loanto partly finance the park.Xavier Institute of Management(XIM) designed and established the bi-otic wastewater treatment system.India Canada Environment Facility(ICEF), a funding agency which sup-ports water and energy initiatives, pro-vided financial support for the waste-water treatment system.
