Wastewater Management and Treatment in Urban and Rural Areas in Mexico Gabriela E. Moeller Chávez.

Wastewater Management and Treatment in Urban and Rural

Areas in Mexico

Gabriela E. Moeller Chávez

Content

• Mexican Institute of Water Technology

•Water availability in the World and Mexico

• Mexico: the contrasts

• Main water uses in Mexico and its problems

• Wastewater treatment in Mexico: Technological alternatives•A successful collaboration

CreationCreation

The Mexican Institute of Water Technology (IMTA) was created by presidential decree in 1986, as an autonomous public organization linked to the former Ministry of Agriculture and Water Resources (SARH) with the main objective of:

“ developing technology and training the necessary qualified human resources in order to ensure the rational utilization and integrated management of water resources”.

Since 2001 IMTA is a state-owned organization, with its own legal personality and assets, and coordinated by the Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources (SEMARNAT).

To produce and disseminate knowledge and technology to reach the sustainable management of hydraulics resources in Mexico

Mission

Vision

To be an innovative institution, with excelency and efficiency, respectable and recognized because of its usefullness and

recognized because of its uselfull solutions and impacts in the water sector

Technical AreasTechnical Areas

- Hydraulics- Hydrology- Water Quality and Treatment- Irrigation and Drainage- Communication, Participation and Information- Professional and Institutional Development

GENERAL DIRECTOR

R & D as a decision support system in the R & D as a decision support system in the water sector water sector

R & D as a decision support system in the R & D as a decision support system in the water sector water sector

2.-Applied research2.-Applied research

3.- Technology 3.- Technology developmentdevelopment

1.- Basic research1.- Basic research

6.- Technological6.- Technologicalservicesservices

5.- Technology transfer5.- Technology transfer

4.- Technology4.- Technologyadaptationadaptation

Human Potential ( 400)Human Potential ( 400)

Academic degreesPh degrees

Masters degree

Professional degrees

Technicians

• Hydraulics

• Hydrology

• Water Quality

• Municipal Wastewater Treatment

• Industrial Wastewater Treatment

• Drinking water . Membrane Lab

• Hydrobiology

• Metheorological sensors calibration

• Soil Mechanics

• Isotopic hydrology

• Hydrogeochemistry

• Irrigation and Drainage

• Communication

• Informatics

InfrastructureInfrastructure

Fourteen specialized laboratories

Human resources Human resources

Campus Morelos Graduate School of

EngineeringNational Univerity of

Mexico(UNAM)

Services

Certified under the ISO 9001:2000 standard, IMTA's services offer integrated solutions, tailored to specific needs, to a wide client portfolio that includes more than 150 public and private companies, both domestic and foreign, as well as international organizations.

Wastewater Management and Treatment in Urban and Rural

Areas in Mexico

Gabriela E. Moeller Chávez

Water availability in the world

HighAveragelow

Population (Mexico)Population (Mexico)

108.81 millions of inhabitants (2010)84.38 millions (urban) and 24.42 millions (rural)108.81 millions of inhabitants (2010)84.38 millions (urban) and 24.42 millions (rural)

Source: Estadísticas del Agua en México, 2010th Edition, CONAGUASource: Estadísticas del Agua en México, 2010th Edition, CONAGUA

Territorial extension of Mexico 1 964 375 squared Km

Territorial extension of Mexico 1 964 375 squared Km

Mexico: the contrastsMexico: the contrasts

Water: Development and availability

InhabitantsInhabitants

(Millions)(Millions)

Water availabilityWater availability

mm33/inhab/inhab

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

1950 1960 2000 2020 2025

0

2500

5000

7500

10000

12500

15000

17500

2000018,41018,410

13,51613,516

4,8414,841

3,9073,907

3,7883,788

25.725.7

34.934.9

97.497.4

120.8120.8 124.6

124.6

Population evolution and thePopulation evolution and theavailability of water in Mexicoavailability of water in Mexico

ChallengesChallenges

11.3% of the total population is scattered in small communities with less than 100 inhabitants

Because of geographic situation is very expensive to provide drinking water, sewers and wastewater services for this population (137.515 locations)

11.3% of the total population is scattered in small communities with less than 100 inhabitants

Because of geographic situation is very expensive to provide drinking water, sewers and wastewater services for this population (137.515 locations)



Population distribution by locality size, 2005

Locality size (population)

Numberof

locations

Population(million)

Percentageof

population

More than 500 000 34 29.1 28.20

50 000 to 499 999 162 26.5 25.61

2 500 to 49 999 2 994 23.4 22.67

100 to 2 499 47 233 21.8 21.15

Less than 100 137 515 2.4 2.36

TOTAL 187 938 103.3 100.00

Metropolitan areas (2008), Metropolitan areas (2008),



Valle de Mexico (Mexico City, Hidalgo & State of Mexico )

Guadalajara (Jalisco)

Monterrey (Nuevo Leon)

Puebla-Tlaxcala (Puebla-Tlaxcala)

Toluca (Mexico)

Valle de Mexico (Mexico City, Hidalgo & State of Mexico )

Guadalajara (Jalisco)

Monterrey (Nuevo Leon)

Puebla-Tlaxcala (Puebla-Tlaxcala)

Toluca (Mexico)

30.4% of the population,

(i.e. 32.58 millionof inhabitants)

30.4% of the population,

(i.e. 32.58 millionof inhabitants)

Tratado

50.8 m3/s

Sin tratar

187 m3/s

USOS DEL AGUA Y SU PROBLEMUSOS DEL AGUA Y SU PROBLEMÁÁTICATICA

1.-Agrícola76.3%

(60.5 Km3)

3.-Industrial5.1%

(4.1 Km3)

4.- Acuícola1.4%

5.- Termoeléctricas0.2%

2.-Público Urbano (potable, recreativo

,comercial y pequeña industria)

17% (13.5Km3)

1.-Contaminación difusa causada por uso incontrolado de fertilizantes y plaguicidas (toxicidad, recalcitrancia y

eutrofización)

4.- Contaminación puntual y difusa (carga orgánica y

patógenos) 3.- Contaminación puntual

(toxicidad, recalcitrancia y bioacumulables, carga orgánica)

>6 millones de ton de DBO, 140 veces DBO descargas

municipales

2.- Contaminación puntual (carga orgánica

y patógenos)

5.- Contaminación puntual (toxicidad, compuestos

persistentes y bioacumulación)

tratado

22 m3/ssin tratar

170 m3/s

Tratado

50.8 m3/s

Sin tratar

187 m3/s

USOS DEL AGUA Y SU PROBLEMUSOS DEL AGUA Y SU PROBLEMÁÁTICATICA

1.-Agrícola76.3%

(60.5 Km3)

3.-Industrial5.1%

(4.1 Km3)

4.- Acuícola1.4%

5.- Termoeléctricas0.2%

2.-Público Urbano (potable, recreativo

,comercial y pequeña industria)

17% (13.5Km3)

1.-Contaminación difusa causada por uso incontrolado de fertilizantes y plaguicidas (toxicidad, recalcitrancia y

eutrofización)

4.- Contaminación puntual y difusa (carga orgánica y

patógenos) 3.- Contaminación puntual

(toxicidad, recalcitrancia y bioacumulables, carga orgánica)

>6 millones de ton de DBO, 140 veces DBO descargas

municipales

2.- Contaminación puntual (carga orgánica

y patógenos)

5.- Contaminación puntual (toxicidad, compuestos

persistentes y bioacumulación)

tratado

22 m3/ssin tratar

170 m3/s

Main water uses in Mexico and problemsMain water uses in Mexico and problems

Monitoring stations in surface water bodies in each BOD category (Situation in 2008)


Water InfrastructureWater Infrastructure

• 4 462 dams and reservoirs

• 6.50 million irrigated hectares

• 2.74 million technified rain-fed hectares

• 604 water purification plants in operation

• 1833 municipal wastewater treatment plants in

operation

• 2082 industrial wastewater treatment plants in

operation

• 3 000 km of aqueducts


Importance of wastewater treatmentImportance of wastewater treatment

Population Health:Population Health:• According to statistics from the World Health According to statistics from the World Health

Organization :Organization :

– 1.8 million people die every year from diarrheal diseases 1.8 million people die every year from diarrheal diseases (including cholera)(including cholera)

– Approximately, 90% are children under five, mostly in Approximately, 90% are children under five, mostly in developing countriesdeveloping countries

– 88% of diarrheal diseases result from unsafe water supply and 88% of diarrheal diseases result from unsafe water supply and poor hygiene and sanitationpoor hygiene and sanitation

• Environmental improvement of water bodiesEnvironmental improvement of water bodies

Rate of flow of municipal wastewater treatedRate of flow of municipal wastewater treated, , 1996-20081996-2008

(cubic meters per second, m(cubic meters per second, m33/s)/s)


¿Does treated wastewater comply with regulations?¿Is this enough?

Major processes in municipal wastewater treatment (L/s)

Trickl ing filter; 3.661

Wetland; 346

Aerated lagoon; 5.968

Stabil ization lagoon; 14.632

Activated sludge; 38.631

CEPT-Chemically Enhanced Primary Treatment; 8.509

UASB; 1.118

UASB + wetland; 33

Imhoff tank; 399

Oxidation ditches; 2.313

Others; 8.031

Source: Inventario nacional de plantas municipales de potabilización y de tratamiento de aguas residuales en operación, 2008, CONAGUASource: Inventario nacional de plantas municipales de potabilización y de tratamiento de aguas residuales en operación, 2008, CONAGUA

MAJOR PROCESSES IN WASTEWATER TREATMENT FACILITIES (L/S)

In 2007, the country’s industries treated 29.9 m3/s of industrial wastewater, on 2021 industrial wastewater treatment plants

Rate of flow of industrial wastewater treated, Rate of flow of industrial wastewater treated, 1996-20081996-2008

(cubic meters per second, m3/s)(cubic meters per second, m3/s)


Type of treatment Purpose Numberof plants

Operation flow(m3/s)

%

Primary

Adjust pH and remove organic

materials and/or inorganic

suspended matter with size 0.1 mm 648 12,25 36,26

SecondaryRemove colloidal and dissolved organic materials 1.185 17,62 52,16

Tertiary

Remove dissolved materials including gases, natural and synthetic organic substances, ions, bacteria and viruses 66 0,83 2,46

Unspecified 183 3,08 9,122.082 33,78 100,00TOTAL

Types of industrial wastewater Types of industrial wastewater treatment, 2008treatment, 2008


¿Does treated wastewater comply with regulations?¿Is this enough? ¿Which parameters have to be regulated?

Technological alternatives Technological alternatives (Municipal an Industrial)(Municipal an Industrial)

1. Activated sludge2. Stabilization ponds3. CEPT-Chemically Enhanced Primary

Treatment4. Aerated ponds5. Biological filters6. UASB7. Non-conventional systems (Wetlands,

biofiltration systems over organic filtration materials and others)

1. Activated sludge2. Stabilization ponds3. CEPT-Chemically Enhanced Primary

Treatment4. Aerated ponds5. Biological filters6. UASB7. Non-conventional systems (Wetlands,

biofiltration systems over organic filtration materials and others)

1. Area required2. Efficiency required3. Investment cost4. O & M requirements5. O & M costs6. Power consumption7. System adaptability8. Environmental factors9. Sludge Production

1. Area required2. Efficiency required3. Investment cost4. O & M requirements5. O & M costs6. Power consumption7. System adaptability8. Environmental factors9. Sludge Production

Tailored suitsTailored suits

Most common problems Most common problems

• Lack of sewers to the treatment system

• Facilities do not operate properly (to Qdesign,, deficient operation)

• Not enough budget for operation and maintenance of the facilities

• Drinking water price cheaper than the cost of the treated wastewater

• Lack of trained personnel

• Lack of sewers to the treatment system

• Facilities do not operate properly (to Qdesign,, deficient operation)

• Not enough budget for operation and maintenance of the facilities

• Drinking water price cheaper than the cost of the treated wastewater

• Lack of trained personnel

Do we collect 100% of the wastewater generated in the

country?

Is it treated 100% of the water that is collected?

The parameters in the standards. Are there enough to

preserve the health of people and the health of water

bodies?

Does the treated flow comply with regulations?

Are our water bodies classified and the discharges to

them meet the conditions marked in the Classification of

Water Bodies?

Questions?Questions?

IMTA- CRIQ

2005-2010

IMTA- CRIQ

2005-2010

A Successfull partnership

•Identification of the treatment needs in Mexico (Rural areas and small communities)•Identification of an appropriate technology in Canada (BIOSOR)•Adaptation of the technology to local context : ( Applied research in Mexico )

•Lab and bench scale experiments (BIOTROP) and a• Technological screen (High school in Cuernavaca)•Commercialization of the technology (Transference)

Technological Screen

Benefits:

•Environmental education•Appropriate wastewater treatment•Improvement of environmental conditions and water body quality

IMTA-CRIQ 20098-2012

BIOTROP

Agroindustrial wastes: • Wastewater treatment from pork and

poultry processing • Wastewater treatment from

slaughterhouse and meat packing• Wastewater treatment from wine and

spirits production: tequila production• Odour treatment

PerspectivesPerspectives

www.imta.gob.mx

Thanks for your attention

Wastewater Management and Treatment in Urban and Rural Areas in Mexico Gabriela E. Moeller Chávez.

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