Dr. Bharat Bhushan NagarUSAID Low Emissions Asian Development (LEAD) Program

29 January 2015

Session-2

Government Incentives for Industrial Waste to Energy Projects in India

Contents:

� Introduction to Industrial Waste In India

� Legislation driving Industrial Waste to Energy Projects

� Total Potential for Energy Recovery from Industrial Waste

� Waste to Energy Technologies

� Government Policies on Waste to Energy Projects from Industrial waste

� Taxes Incentives for Renewable Energy Projects

� CDM potential of Biomethanation Projects

� Renewable Energy Certificates

� Future of Energy Recovery from Industrial Waste in India

Industrial Waste Classification

Non-Hazardous Industrial

Waste

Hazardous Industrial

Waste

Industrial Waste

Waste Imported for Reprocessing

Waste Generated in

India

Total Hazardous

Waste

� No of Industries generating Hazardous waste: 36,165

� Quantity of Hazardous waste generated: 62,32,507

MT/Year

Category-wise classification of this quantity :

• Land Fillable HW – 27,28,326 MTA

• Incinerable HW - 4,15,794 MTA

• Recyclable HW - 30,88,387 MTA

In India, Energy Recovery from

hazardous waste can be done by:

� Mass Incineration- Only possible in

TSDF , subject to availability.

� Use of Hazardous waste as an

alternative fuel in Cement Kilns

Maharashtra and Gujarat putting together, are generating 62.87 % of country’ total

incinerable HW. Their individual contributions are 36.75 % and 26.12 % respectively.

Factors driving Energy Recovery from Industrial Waste

Energy recovery from industrial waste is an activity, which holds significant

environmental, commercial and social aspects .

Commercial Factors

Environmental Factors

Technical Factors

• Generation of Renewable Energy.

• Revenue from sale of power.

• Achieving Energy security.

•Waste Minimization.

•Environmentally sound management of waste.

•Natural Resource conservation

•GHG Emission reduction.

•Achieving Larger efficiency due to reuse of waste material.

•Deployment of Best Available Technology.

•Capacity building of technical resources.

Legislation driving Industrial Waste to Energy Projects

2001 Energy Conservation Act

� Focus on energy efficiency

� Standards and labelling

� Designated consumers requirements

� Energy conservation building codes

� Energy conservation fund

� Bureau of Energy Efficiency

2003 Electricity Act

� Combined several existing pieces of legislation

� Intended to accelerate growth of power sector

� Targets additional 10 percent from renewable by 2012 (1000 MW/year capacity)

� Competitive market-based

Features include:

o Electricity Policy

o Delicensing of generation and captive generation

o Public ownership of transmission companies

o Open access in transmission

o Freedom for distribution licenses

o Establishment of State Electricity Regulatory Commissions

o License-free generation and distribution in rural areas

Total Potential for Energy Recovery from Industrial Waste

According to a recent data from MNRE, there exists a potential of about 1300MW

from industrial wastes

Sector Potential (MW)

Dairy 49

Distillery 402

Sugar 290

Pulp & Paper 46

Starch 103

Poultry 52

Slaughterhouse 75

Tannery 5

Total 1022

Total Renewable Energy generation in Maharashtra

Energy Recovery from Non Hazardous Industrial Waste

Industries Prominent Wastes Generated Treatment Option Application

Sugar Mills Sugar bagasse Combustion and

Gasification/Co-

generation

Heat and Power

Pressmud Biomethanation Biogas production &

digestate

Sugar molasses Fermentation Ethanol synthesis

Fermentative Yeast biomass Biomethanation Biogas production &

digestate

Slaughter houses Organs, Tissues, Blood, Hides,

Animal excreta and Carcass etc

Biomethanation Biogas production &

digestate

Paper mills Pulp Biomethanation/Co-

generation

Biogas production &

digestate

Paper shavings Combustion Heat and power

Wood wastes and Paper boards Combustion and

gasification

Heat and power

Energy Recovery from Non Hazardous Industrial Waste-Cont.

Industries Prominent Wastes Generated Treatment Option Application

Dairy Plants Whey and Milk cream Biomethanation Biogas production

& digestate

Sago factories Starch materials and peels Biomethanation Biogas production

& digestate

Tanneries Hides and skins Acid treatments

and

biomethanation

Biogas production

& digestate

Animal Husbandries Animal excreta and body fluids Biomethanation Biogas production

& digestate

Fruits and vegetable

processing units

Pulp wastes Biomethanation Biogas production

& digestate

Distilleries Spent Wash Biomethanation Biogas production

& digestate

Analysis of Key Aspects of Waste to Energy Technologies for Non-Hazardous Industrial Waste-I

Criteria Incineration Anaerobic Digestion Gasification/Pyrolysis

A Feedstock

Industrial

Liquid Not suitable Suitable Not suitable

Solid Suitable Not suitable Suitable

Urban

Liquid Not suitable Suitable Not suitable

Solid Suitable Suitable Suitable

Farm

Poultry Suitable Suitable Suitable

Cattle Suitable Suitable Suitable

B Technology features

Technology status

Industrial Proven Proven Emerging

Urban Proven Proven Emerging

Farm Proven Proven Proven

Energy efficiency 85-90% (Based on calorific

value)

50-60% (Based on

volatiles)

90-95% (Based on calorific

value)

Analysis of Key Aspects of Waste to Energy Technologies for Non-Hazardous Industrial Waste-II

Criteria Incineration Anaerobic Digestion Gasification/Pyrolysis

C Operating conditions

System configuration Complex Simple Complex

Process Flexibility Low Good Low

Modular Yes Yes Yes

D Capital, O & M costs

Relative capital cost Very high Medium-high Very High

O & M High Low Limited

Commercial viability Less viable than others

owing to costly downstream

air pollution control

Readily viable Varies considerably

Captive power

requirements

Significant (25-30%) Low (5%) Variable (5-20%)

Area requirements Elaborate Compact Compact

E Environmental

impacts

Can be minimized, but

requires expensive

technology investments

Minimum Can be controlled to a

significant extent

F Socio-economic impacts

Public acceptability Not fully satisfactory Satisfactory Satisfactory

Waste disposal Complete, except for ash to

landfill.

Complete except for

sludge stabilization

Complete, except for ash

Biomethanation Potential of different type of wastes

Type of Industrial Biogas Plants

Concrete digester with two chambers

(one heated, one unheated for storage

Concrete digester with integrated

plastic gas-holder

Steel vessel fermenter with separate balloon

gas-holder

Biogas Operational Performance Factors

Success Story of Biogas CNG Plant at Kodoli Kolhapur

Highlights:– Developed on a BOOT (Build, Own, Operate and Transfer) basis– Daily capacity of approximately 100 tons, or 35,000 annual tons, of sugarcane

waste (pressmud)– Daily production of approximately 7,000 to 9,000 kg’s of Bio-CNG per day– PESO (Petroleum and Explosives Safety Organization) License for storage and

filing of Bio-CNG in high pressure cylinders– Daily production of organic manure/soil conditioner after further processing

for commercial sale– NOCA (National Organic Certification Association) approved organic manure

for further sale to farmers– MNRE (Ministry of New and Renewable Energy) approved investment subsidy

received in early 2013– Substantial cost savings for industrial customers due to low-cost Bio-CNG use– Climate friendly – CO2 negative: Biogas-to-CNG conversation is the most

productive use of agricultural waste

In partnership with India’s largest sugar producer, Bajaj Hindustan Limited, SREL

will convert approximately 30,000 to 50,000 tons of pressmud annually into

renewable energy and organic manure/soil conditioner. Construction is expected

to start in late-2014.

CDM Potential of Biomethanation Projects

Power generation potential from industrial waste in reference to CDM

WARM MODEL: USEPA Tool for CO2 Reduction Estimation

http://epa.gov/epawaste/conserve/tools/warm/index.html

EPA created the Waste Reduction Model (WARM) to help solid waste planners and

organizations track and voluntarily report greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions reductions

from several different waste management practices. WARM is available both as a

Web-based calculator and as a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet (.zip) (586 Kb). The Excel-

based version of WARM offers more functionality than the Web-based calculator.

WARM calculates and totals GHG emissions of baseline and alternative waste

management practices—source reduction, recycling, combustion, composting, and

landfilling. The model calculates emissions in metric tons of carbon equivalent (MTCE),

metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent (MTCO2E), and energy units (million BTU)

across a wide range of material types commonly found in municipal solid waste

(MSW).

WARM Model Web Based Access

http://epa.gov/epawaste/conserve/tools/warm/Warm_Form.html

WARM MODEL: USEPA Tool for CO2 Reduction Estimation

Material Types Recognized by WARM

Aluminium Cans Fruits and Vegetables* Mixed Recyclables

Aluminum Ingot Glass Newspaper

Asphalt Concrete Grains* Office Paper

Asphalt Shingles Grass Personal Computers

Branches HDPE PET

Bread* LDPE Phonebooks

Carpet Leaves PLA

Clay Bricks LLDPE PP

Concrete Magazines / Third-Class Mail PS

Copper Wire Medium Density Fiberboard PVC

Corrugated Cardboard Mixed Metals Steel Cans

Dairy Products* Mixed MSW Textbooks

Dimensional Lumber Mixed Organics Tires

Drywall Mixed Paper (general) Vinyl Flooring

Fiberglass Insulation Mixed Paper (primarily from offices) Wood Flooring

Fly Ash Mixed Paper (primarily residential) Yard Trimmings

Food Waste (non-meat) Mixed Plastics

* For simplicity, these factors are included only in the Excel version of WARM.

CDM Potential of Biomethanation Projects

Effect of Bundling on mix of various Biomethanation projects

CDM potential of Industrial Waste Biomethanation Projects

Waste to Energy Recovery through Cogeneration

Benefits of Cogeneration

•Increased efficiency of

energy conversion and use

•Lower emissions, especially

CO2

•Ability to use waste materials

•Large cost savings

•Opportunity to decentralize

the electricity generation

•Promoting liberalization in

energy markets

A Cogeneration system or a Combined Heat & Power System (CHP) is the sequential or

simultaneous generation of multiple forms of useful energy. It is usually mechanical

(power) and thermal (heat) in a single, integrated system.

Efficiency Advantage of Cogeneration

•When both thermal and electrical processes, a CHP system typically requires only three-fourth of

the primary energy compared to separate heat and power systems.

•This reduced primary fuel consumption is key to the environmental benefits of CHP as burning the

same amount of fuel more efficiently means fewer emissions for the same level of output.

100 68

2

4

U

ni

ts

3

4

U

ni

ts

6 Units

(Losses)

60

40

36 Units

(Losses)

η = 85%

η = 40%

10 Units

(Losses)

Conventional Generation

(58% Overall Efficiency)

Combined Heat & Power

(85% Overall Efficiency)

Types of Cogeneration Systems

Steam Turbine Cogeneration System

• Widely used in CHP applications

• Oldest prime mover technology

• Capacities: 50 kW to hundreds of MWs

• Thermodynamic cycle is the “Rankin cycle”

that uses a boiler

• Most common types

• Back pressure steam turbine

• Extraction condensing steam turbine

Gas Turbine Cogeneration System

• Operate on thermodynamic “Brayton cycle”

• atmospheric air compressed, heated,

expanded

• excess power used to produce power

• Natural gas is most common fuel

• 1MW to 100 MW range

• Rapid developments in recent years

• Two types: open and closed cycle

Reciprocating Engine

Cogeneration Systems

• Many advantages: operation, efficiency,

fuel costs

• Used as direct mechanical drives

• Four sources of usable waste heat

Topping Cycle

• Supplied fuel first produces power

followed by thermal energy

• Thermal energy is a by product

used for process heat or other

• Most popular method of

cogeneration

Bottoming Cycle

• Primary fuel produces high temperature

thermal energy

• Rejected heat is used to generate power

• Suitable for manufacturing processes

Energy Generation from Industrial waste through Gasification

Gasification is a process that converts organic or fossil fuel based carbonaceous materials into

carbon monoxide, hydrogen and carbon dioxide. This is achieved by reacting the material at high

temperatures (>700 °C), without combustion, with a controlled amount of oxygen and/or steam.

The resulting gas mixture is called syngas (from synthesis gas or synthetic gas) or producer gas and

is itself a fuel. The power derived from gasification and combustion of the resultant gas is

considered to be a source of renewable energy if the gasified compounds were obtained from

biomass

Gasification Process and their products

Different types of Gasifier with Reaction zones

Cogeneration in Maharashtra

� In Maharashtra, there are more than 202 sugar mills, showing large scope for implementation of WTE through cogeneration.

� Consumption of Bagasse in Sugar industries by use of use of high pressure boilers (above 60 bars) reduce Bagasse consumption and make power projects highly profitable.

� Present installed capacity of cogeneration based power generation is 300 MW.

� Additional target of 1000 MW has been considered in new policy declared by GoM on 30-08-2014.

� The Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission (MERC) has been declaring attractive tariff for cogeneration power projects from time to time.

� This has resulted in having 33 cogeneration power projects totalling 480 MW commissioned in Cooperative sector and approximately 10 Cogeneration power projects totalling 191.5 MW in private sector in the state.

� The prevailing regulated tariff declared by the commission on 07th Jul, 2014 for Cogeneration projects is Rs. 6.27 per unit for the year 14-15.

MNRE Programme on Energy from Urban, Industrial and Agricultural

Wastes / Residues.

Funding Eligibility based upon type of Waste :

� Projects based on any bio-waste from urban, agricultural, industrial/agro –industrial sector (excluding bagasse).

� Projects for co-generation /power generation and production of bio-CNG from biogas.

� Mixing of other wastes of renewable nature, including rice husk, bagasse, sewage, cow-dung, other biomass and industrial effluents (excluding distillery effluents) will be permissible.

� Biogas generation projects based on distillery effluents and projects based on wastes from fossil fuels and waste heat (flue gases) shall not be supported.

MNRE Programme on Energy from Urban, Industrial and Agricultural

Wastes / Residues.

Funding Eligibility based upon type of Technology :

� Projects based on waste-to-energy conversion technologies, namely, biomethanation, combustion, gasification, pyrolysis or a combination thereof.

� Projects for generation of power from biogas will be based either on 100% biogas engines or steam turbines with a minimum steam pressure of 42 bar.

� MSW based projects need to be developed in accordance with the decision of Hon’ble Supreme Court given during the hearing on May 15, 2007 and the recommendations of the Expert Committee referred therein.

� The projects based on biomethanation of MSW should be taken up only on segregated/uniform Waste unless it is demonstrated that in Indian conditions, the waste segregation plant/process can separate waste suitable for Biomethanation.

� Bio-CNG to be produced will have to meet the BIS specifications as per IS 16087 : 2013.

There will be no minimum / maximum limit on capacity of projects supported under this

programme, however, cattle dung based power generation projects of up to 250 kW capacity willnot be considered under this programme.

MNRE Programme on Energy from Urban, Industrial and Agricultural

Wastes / Residues.

Capital Subsidy to Project Promotors

MNRE Programme on Energy from Urban, Industrial and Agricultural

Wastes / Residues.

Criteria for Release of Capital Subsidy to Promotors

� The amount of capital subsidy would be calculated on the basis of installed capacity.

� Total capital subsidy would be limited to Rs. 5.00 crore per project for Industrial Waste, however, it will be limited to Rs. 1.00 crore per project in case of projects for power generation through boiler turbine configuration in stand alone mode or through co-generation.

� Subsidy amount will be restricted to 20% of the project cost in Urban, Agricultural Waste/residues and Industrial Waste while financial assistance will be limited to 40 % for STP.

� In case of Special Category States (NE Region, Sikkim, J&K, Himachal Pradesh and Uttarakhand), the capital subsidy would be 20% higher than that for other States. This provision will also be applicable two items (ii & iii) above.

� CFA to Biomass co-generation projects would be limited to a maximum of Rs. 1.0 crore/project , irrespective of the installed capacity of the project.

MNRE Programme on Energy from Urban, Industrial and Agricultural

Wastes / Residues.

Release of Central Financial Grant :

� It would be released after successful commissioning of project, which would, inter-alia, imply operation of the project for three months, including continuous operation for at least 72 hours at minimum of 80% of rated capacity, The amount of capital subsidy would be calculated on the basis of installed capacity.

� In case the project is set up by the developers through their own resources, the CFA would be released directly to the developer after successful commissioning of the project as successful commissioning as stated above.

MNRE Programme on Energy from Urban, Industrial and Agricultural

Wastes / Residues.

Funding Eligibility based upon type of Technology :

� Projects based on waste-to-energy conversion technologies, namely, biomethanation, combustion, gasification, pyrolysis or a combination thereof.

� Projects for generation of power from biogas will be based either on 100% biogas engines or steam turbines with a minimum steam pressure of 42 bar.

� MSW based projects need to be developed in accordance with the decision of Hon’ble Supreme Court given during the hearing on May 15, 2007 and the recommendations of the Expert Committee referred therein.

� The projects based on biomethanation of MSW should be taken up only on segregated/uniform Waste unless it is demonstrated that in Indian conditions, the waste segregation plant/process can separate waste suitable for Biomethanation.

� Bio-CNG to be produced will have to meet the BIS specifications as per IS 16087 : 2013.

There will be no minimum / maximum limit on capacity of projects supported underthis programme, however, cattle dung based power generation projects of up to 250kW capacity will not be considered under this programme.

Central Govt. Assistance for Grid Connected Gasifier based Projects

Union Ministry of Renewable Energy has a programme extending support to Grid based Rural based Gasifier projects in following form:

� Release of Central financial assistance to support Capex investment .

� Human Resource Development in form of Organized Trainings.

� Gasifier Entrepreneurship Development Programme

� Technology Demonstration Component

Central Financial Assistance for Gasifier based Industrial Waste to Energy Projects

Renewable Energy Projects Activity at MNRE

Ministry of New & Renewable Energy

Programme/ Scheme wise Physical Progress in 2014-15 (During the month of December)

Sector

FY- 2014-15Cumulative

Achievements

Target Achievement (as on 31.12.2014)

I. GRID-INTERACTIVE POWER (CAPACITIES IN MW)

Wind Power 2000.00 1333.20 22465.03

Small Hydro Power 250.00 187.22 3990.83

Biomass Power & Gasification 100.00 0.00 1365.20

Bagasse Cogeneration 300.00 152.00 2800.35

Waste to Power 20.00 1.00 107.58

Solar Power 1100.00 430.67 3062.68

Total 3770.00 2104.09 33791.74

II. OFF-GRID/ CAPTIVE POWER (CAPACITIES IN MWEQ)

Waste to Energy 10.00 8.54 141.27

Biomass(non-bagasse) Cogeneration 80.00 34.32 561.64

Biomass Gasifiers

-Rural

-Industrial

0.80 0.75 18.23

8.00 6.20 153.40

Aero-Generators/Hybrid systems 0.50 0.13 2.38

SPV Systems 60.00 52.77 227.12

Water mills/micro Hydel 4.00 2.00 15.21

Bio-gas based energy system 0.00 0.30 4.07

Total 163.30 105.01 1123.32

Pattern of Central Financial Assistance- Contd.

Bagasse Cogeneration Incentives in Maharashtra

� First Policy declared by State Government on – 18-10-1997

� Tariff- Rs 2.25 per unit

� Escalation – 5% per year for first 10 years

� Foreign exchange fluctuation to be absorbed by government.

� MSEB to bear expenses of power evacuation

� No attraction of private investors in sugar factory

� Tariff to be reviewed after March 2007 or after attaining the

addition of 300 MW

� 3rd party sale allowed, Banking allowed

� Wheeling at the rate of 3% charge

Waste to Energy Projects Incentives in Maharashtra

� First policy declared by Government of Maharashtra on 13-05-

1998

� 100% banking for 1 year

� Tariff – Same as Bagasse Co-generation with increase of 5% per

year.

� Wheeling @ 2% charge

� Land at lease rent Rs 1 per sq. mtr/ year by Municipal

corporations

� Free supply of solid waste at site

� 3rd party sale allowed, Octroi was exempted

� Sales Tax benefit upto 50% of eligible investment in six equal

investment

� Withdrawn of sales tax benefit , GR – 03-05-2000

� MERC tariff : MC and promoter to be mutually

� decide

Renewable Energy Fund set up by State Government –Urjankar Nidhi

URJANKUR NIDHI GR -- 21-01-2006

� Green Energy funds created by charging Rs 0.04 per unit Charges to commercial

and industrial units only for 10 years starting 2004-05

� Rs 100 crores per year collection estimated

� The fund to be used for renewable energy projects

� Part of it (Rs 418 crores) to be used to create Urjankur Nidhi for attractive larger

� investments from open market

Objectives of the Fund

Assistance in Project Development

� Creation of a frame work for replicating successful projects

� Providing Risk Capital, Debt, Credit Enhancement

� Leveraging the available capital to attract further investment in the sector

� Targeted Project investment mobilization : Rs 2800 crores

� Targeted Power Generation capacity up to 1000 MW

� Attracting professional management

Notified Renewable Energy Tariff in Maharashtra

Taxes Incentives for Renewable Energy Projects

� The Indian Renewable Energy Development Agency has been established under

the Ministry for Non-Conventional Energy Sources as a specialized financing

agency to promote and finance renewable energy projects.

� Reserve Bank of India (‘RBI’) has relaxed the External Commercial Borrowings

(‘ECB’) norms by expanding the definition of infrastructure to cover sector such

as Energy which in turn covers sub-sectors such as Electricity

generation/transmission/distribution.

� With a view to strengthen the flow of resources to infrastructure sector, RBI has

also now permitted raising ECB for project use in SPVs in the infrastructure sector

under the automatic route/approval route, as the case may be.

� Undertakings engaged in the generation and/or distribution of power has been

offered a 10-year tax holiday for renewable energy plants if power generation

begins before 31 March 2014. However, the plants have to pay a minimum

alternative tax at the rate of approximately 20 to 21 percent (based on the

income), which can be offset in future years (10 years).

Renewable Energy Certificates

� REC is deemed as certificate of power generated from Renewable Energy sources;

� 1 REC = 1 Mega Watt hour of renewable energy generated;

� Can be sold or traded to meet mandatory RPO targets set by State Electricity

� Regulatory Commissions for renewable energy purchases by utilities/distribution

� companies;

� Exchanges identified for REC trading- Indian Energy Exchange & Power

� Exchange of India;

� REC is divided into two categories:

� Solar Certificates

� Non-Solar Certificates

Renewable Energy Certificates

Eligibility Criteria

� All renewable energy generators already NOT having PPA with the distribution

licensees for contracted quantum;

� RE generator selling electricity generated either :

� to the distribution licensee of the area in which the eligible entity is located, at a

price not exceeding the pooled cost of power purchase of such distribution

licensee; or

� to any other licensee or to an open access consumer at a mutually agreed price,

or through power exchange at a market determined price;

� eligible CPP utilizes electricity for self consumption

� All REC based captive power produces shall be eligible for their entire energy

generation including self consumption.

Renewable Energy Certificates

Eligibility Criteria

� All renewable energy generators already NOT having PPA with the distribution

licensees for contracted quantum;

� RE generator selling electricity generated either :

� to the distribution licensee of the area in which the eligible entity is located, at a

price not exceeding the pooled cost of power purchase of such distribution

licensee; or

� to any other licensee or to an open access consumer at a mutually agreed price,

or through power exchange at a market determined price;

� eligible CPP utilizes electricity for self consumption

� All REC based captive power produces shall be eligible for their entire energy

generation including self consumption.

1 1

1

2

3

4

6

7

5

Renewable Energy Certificates Trading Process

Central Agency- NLDC

Electricity to

Grid

Electricity

from Grid

RE Generators

RPS Obligated entities

Energy

Accounting

Trading Platform

Open access users

Other obligated entities

Captive generators

Discoms

REC purchase agreement/ trading

Redemption of REC

Application to issue REC

Issuance of REC

SLDC

Compliance reporting

Monitoring Committee of each

StateQuarterly Reporting

https://www.recregistryindia.nic.in/

Future of Waste to Energy Projects from Industrial Waste in India

� The present appetite of Indian Industry, duly supported by Government linked

incentives, coupled by strong environmental compliance promise brighter future for

upcoming planned and under commissioning projects in India for waste to energy

from industrial waste.

� The presence of best available technology and access to latest technology in India by

leading world companies has also induced sense of excitement in the industry, as

every technology developer and supplier tends to create his niche in market.

� Recent commitment made by India to curb its GHG emissions is a big driving factor,

which would provide sufficient financial and techno-commercial support to industry

to undertake more projects.

� Revision of green laws and insistence on CEMS by legal enforcement agencies would

also result in undertaking of waste to energy recovery options by industries.

� Sustainability initiatives made by industry would also act as a key factor to drive

more waste to energy recovery options from industrial waste in India

CONTACT

NAME: Dr. Bharat B Nagar

Title: Waste Mgt. Expert

USAID LEAD Program

(USAID Contractor)(more info as appropriate)

Email: bbnagar@gmail.com

Tel: +918450963430