VTT TECHNICAL RESEARCH CENTRE OF FINLAND LTD

Waste, Residues and Advanced Biofuels Policies in Finland

8th ISCC Global Sustainability Conference Brussels, February 20, 2018 Kati Koponen, Ilkka Hannula & Nils-Olof Nylund

2 22.02.18 2

Key points

§ Ambitious targets for emissions cuts à the role of biofuels in Finland

§ Key technological solutions

§ Residual raw materials from forestry and forest industry an important resource

§ Sustainable use of resources

3 22.02.18 3

Targets in the Finnish energy policy by the current government (May 2015)

Finland’s long-term objective is to be a carbon-neutral society § 80-95% reduction of greenhouse gas emissions from 1990 level by 2050

Government targets by 2030:

§ Renewable energy > 50 %

§ Self-sufficiency > 55 %

§ Stop the energy use of coal

§ Cut the use of fossil oil by 50 %

§ Share of renewable transport fuels to 40 % (with double-counting)

4 22.02.18 4

European 2030 targets for CO2 emission reductions in the effort sharing sector (compared to 2005)

39% target for Finland

5 22.02.18 5

Finnish Energy and Climate Strategy 2030 (November 2016) Transport sector

§ 50 % reduction in emissions by 2030 (compared to 2005)

§ 30 % target for renewable fuels (physical share) § Low level blending and drop-in type fuels compatible with legacy

vehicles and new vehicles

§ 250 000 electric vehicles §  some 10 % of the fleet and 30 % of new car sales

§ Energy efficiency improvements on the vehicle and system level

6 22.02.18 6

Share of biofuels in transport fuel consumption in Finland

Source: Ministry of Transport and Communications

Target (%)

Actual share (%)

7 22.02.18 7

Advanced biofuel technologies in Finland

~400 000 toe/a

~100 000 toe/a

~ 10 000 – 15 000 toe/a

Current biofuels used in Finland:

•  HVO renewable diesel (0-100% blend):vegetable oils, vegetable oil residues, waste oils from food industry, and tall oil from pulp industry

•  Ethanol (E10 and E85): food industry and saw mill residues

•  Biogas: waste water and biowaste treatment

•  Import of ethanol, FAME etc.

8 22.02.18 8

How to reach the biofuel targets? Priority on drop-in products and high blend gasoline/diesel

§ New investments in Finland / import §  Additional HVO, ethanol and biogas capacity

(raw material limit?)

§  New technology demonstrations: §  Co-feed at oil refinery §  BTL - Pulp and saw mill residues §  Biogas - MSW and agroindustry §  New renewable fuels, power-to-gas /

power-to-liquid

Renewable energy in Finland 2015

Source: Statistics Finland. Energy 2016 table service.

A new 2030 biofuels assessment will be published by the end of 2018.

9 22.02.18 9

Wood flows in Finland 2013

10 22.02.18 10

Sustainable forest biomass use

§ Priority on the use of residual forest biomasses for energy §  E.g. use of stem wood for long-lived wood products

§ Search for forest management strategies, where both forest carbon sink and biomass production are maximised

Harvested carbon (tC/ha/yr)

Car

bon

stoc

k (tC

/ha)

(Pingoud et al. 2018 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2017.12.076)

11 22.02.18 11 Source: Hannula 2016. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2016.03.119; Koponen & Hannula 2017 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.05.014

Use of hydrogen enhancement to increase the efficiency of biomass use (à power-to-fuel + biofuel)

In the base case excess CO2 is vented out from the synthetic fuel processes

Hydrogen from external source added to improve the efficiency of biomass use

2.6–3 -fold increase in the biofuel output with the same biomass input

Low carbon electricity required for hydrogen production!

10 Wind power

100

gCO2/kWh

170 Finland

440 EU mix

12

TECHNOLOGY FOR BUSINESS

Contact: kati.koponen@vtt.fi ilkka.hannula@vtt.fi