WASTE MANAGEMENT STRATEGY › 2nd › ref › ws3_kraus_en.pdfWASTE MANAGEMENT STRATEGY “French...
Transcript of WASTE MANAGEMENT STRATEGY › 2nd › ref › ws3_kraus_en.pdfWASTE MANAGEMENT STRATEGY “French...
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2nd International Forum on the Decommissioning of the
Fukushima Daiichi NPS
2-3 July, 2017 - Japan
WASTE MANAGEMENT STRATEGY
“French Experience in Legacy Waste Management”
Eric KrausCEA / Nuclear Energy Division
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1. Nuclear waste management at the CEA
2. Legacy waste : The CEA D&D Perimeter
3. Legacy waste : Technologies and processes
4. Conclusion
TABLE OF CONTENTS
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1. Nuclear waste management at the CEA
2. Legacy waste : The CEA D&D Perimeter
3. Legacy waste : Technologies and processes
4. Conclusion
TABLE OF CONTENTS
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Waste classification principle
5 waste categories
In France waste is classified according to two main criteria
- Its radioactivity level
- Its lifetime : “short-lived” waste (half-life 31 years) and “long-lived” waste (half-
life > 31 years)
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Bq/g
VLLW < à 100
LILW-SL 100 to 1 000 000
LLW-LL 10 to 100 000
ILW-LL 1 000 000
HLW 1 000 000 000
NUCLEAR WASTE MANAGEMENT
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LLW“Centre de l’Aube »
ILW & HLW
Under study
CIGEO project
VL-LW« Cires »
LLWUnder study
Short and long-lived Short-lived Long-lived Long-lived
CEA : ~ 10 000m3/y CEA : ~ 4 000m3/y
•Graphite (UNGG
Reactors)
•Bitumen drums,
•Radium-bearing
waste
DISPOSAL FACILITIES OPERATED AND STUDIED BY ANDRA
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NUCLEAR WASTE MANAGEMENT AT THE CEA
General principle for waste management at the CEA
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Characterization ofLegacy wasteD/D wasteR&D waste
Liquid and solidwaste treatment
Waste management
if storage site existsNational storage
If notintermediatestorage on CEA site
Dedicated R&D program in support of wastemanagement
To develop efficient waste treatmentTo define new matrices for specific wasteTo optimize the categorization of the waste
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CADARACHEMARCOULE
SACLAY
AGATE
STELLA
STEL
CEA DEN FACILITIES FOR LIQUID WASTE TREATMENT
Surface disposal
Surface disposal
Intermediatestorage | PAGE 7
Liquid waste treatment facility
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CEA DEN FACILITIES FOR SOLID WASTE TREATMENT
CADARACHE
MARCOULE
SACLAY
INB 72
INB 37
CDS
Facility for various types of waste from R&D and D&D program
Specific Conditioning Unit for dedicated waste
Sludgecementation unit
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Mg cementation unit Intermediatestorage
Surface disposal
Surface disposal
Long-livedwaste
Short-lived waste
Short-lived waste
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CEA INTERMEDIATE STORAGE FACILITIES
Specific case of Long-Lived Waste (LL and IL)
Low-level, long-lived waste
Intermediate-level, long-lived waste
Non defined matrix
DIADEM
defined matrix (cement matrix, bitumen matrix)
Deactivation
Surface disposal Short-lived waste
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storagedefined matrix
CEDRA (Cemented waste packages)
EIP (Bitumen drums)
DIADEM
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CADARACHE
MARCOULE
SACLAYFONTENAY
CEDRA (Cemented waste packages)
EIP
EIP
INB 72
DIADEMAVM (Glass canisters)
EIP (Bituminized drums)
CEA INTERMEDIATE STORAGE FACILITIES
Long-livedwaste
Long-livedwaste
Short-lived and long-lived waste
HLW | PAGE 10
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. Nuclear waste management at the CEA
2. Legacy waste : The CEA D&D Perimeter
3. Legacy waste : Technologies and processes
4. Conclusion
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Saclay
Grenoble
Cadarache
Marcoule
RCD 56
INB 35
UP1 : retrieval and conditioning of legacy waste
INB 166
Fontenay-aux-Roses
Legacy solid waste
Liquid waste (including organics)
INB 72
Spent fuel
PEGASE
HA4- Organic liquid tank
Mg waste - UP1
PEGASE Pool
CIRCE – Radioactive liquid tank
Solid waste
Bituminized waste drums
PHENIX
Legacy waste retrieval, characterization &
repackaging
LEGACY WASTE RETRIEVAL PERIMETER
Vitrification facilityLegacy waste (glass containers)
sludge
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1. Nuclear waste management at the CEA
2. Legacy waste : The CEA D&D Perimeter
3. Legacy waste : Technologies and processes
4. Conclusion
TABLE OF CONTENTS
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WASTE MANAGEMENT : CEA R&D
R&D actions
Liquid and solid waste treatment and conditioning
R&D on specific waste and effluent issued from D&D and legacy waste from
laboratory scale through to industrialization phases
- To develop efficient waste treatment (plasma torch incineration for organic
halogenous liquids, decontamination foams,…)
- To define new matrices for specific waste (geopolymer for Mg)
Vast range of waste
- Mercurials, sodics, Mg from decladding, powders, sludge, ash, filters, resins
Waste characterization
R&D to optimize quantities and waste categorization
- Passive and active neutronic
- g and imaging, g spectrometry
Mg sludge
Geopolymer matrix
Gel foams
Passive neutronic measurement
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Example : Cement matrix
At stake
To define new matrices suitable for a large variety of waste
(Legacy waste, current and future waste of exploitation)
To improve the performance of the matrix (Rate of incorporation,…)
Development
Packaging of reactive metals : Magnesium, aluminium,…
Embedding with geopolymer
Process tested and approved in inactive at scale one for Mg
Other types of waste : Sludge, resins, powder
Development of cementing formulations underway
CompactionMg waste
LEGACY WASTE : TECHNLOGIES AND PROCESSES
CementationEmbedded
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Example : solid waste treatment
At stake
To reduce uptake doses
To optimize waste categorization by increasing decontamination efficiency
To reduce the amount of secondary waste produced
• FOAMS Foam with137Cs
Active agent
adsorbed on
surface by
bubbles
Floating foams
Decontamination foams
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• GELS
Decontaminatedsoil
LEGACY WASTE : TECHNLOGIES AND PROCESSES
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1. Nuclear waste management at the CEA
2. Legacy waste : The CEA D&D Perimeter
3. Legacy waste : Technologies and processes
4. Conclusion
TABLE OF CONTENTS
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CONCLUSION
Specificity of the CEA in waste management due to a vast range of waste
Special R&D role
To develop efficient treatments for complex radioactive waste
To develop new matrices in particular for long-lived waste
To develop treatment and matrices for a vast range of waste
To characterize waste
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