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WASHINGTON STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF NURSING | RESEARCH | WASHINGTON STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF NURSING | RESEARCH RESEARCH IN SIMULATION: Why, Who, How, Now, and (what do we know, now?) DEBRA L. SPUNT LECTURE, NATIONAL LEAGUE FOR NURSING Suzie Kardong-Edgren PhD, RN Washington State University | College of Nursing October 2, 2010

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WASHINGTON STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF NURSING | RESEARCH | WASHINGTON STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF NURSING | RESEARCH ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Mindi Anderson PhD, RN (for pulling SimMan out of the box) Mary Lou Bond PhD, RN (mentor) Carolyn Cason PhD, RN (best researcher!) Clive Patrickson (your global-ness) Pam Jeffries (kickstarter) Marilyn Oermann (PI extraordinaire) The INACSL board (for journal!)

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OBJECTIVES Discuss the importance of simulation research Discuss advantages of a team approach to simulation Discuss 2 strategies for developing a research program Discuss 2 current large nursing research projects.

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WASHINGTON STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF NURSING | RESEARCH | WASHINGTON STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF NURSING | RESEARCH

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CURRENT STATE OF AFFAIRS WHAT DO WE KNOW now?

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WASHINGTON STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF NURSING | RESEARCH | WASHINGTON STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF NURSING | RESEARCH NCSBN 2010 SURVEY Published in Journal of Regulatory Nursing 1060/1729 for 62% response rate 87% US programs using HFS 55% use in 5+ courses Most used: Med-surg/OB/pedi Least used: Mental health/capstone/community health

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WASHINGTON STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF NURSING | RESEARCH | WASHINGTON STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF NURSING | RESEARCH CURRENT CLINICAL HOURS IN US PROGRAMS Mean hours 733 Max hours 1540 Median hours 765

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WASHINGTON STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF NURSING | RESEARCH | WASHINGTON STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF NURSING | RESEARCH NCSBN FINDINGS (AHH FINDINGS) 59% use faculty peer review of scenarios 83% thought we should be using more simulation 76% reported more faculty need to be trained to facilitate simulation 30% amount of time thought they would comfortably substitute simulation for clinical

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WASHINGTON STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF NURSING | RESEARCH | WASHINGTON STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF NURSING | RESEARCH NCSBN FINDINGS (ARGH FINDINGS) Only 29% faculty writing scenarios have been trained 72% judge scenario quality by students comments Only 44% pilot test a scenario 69% report not enough staff to run simulation controls and oversee students

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WASHINGTON STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF NURSING | RESEARCH | WASHINGTON STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF NURSING | RESEARCH WHAT DO WE KNOW NOW? Beyea, Slattery, von Reyn, 2010- nursing residency with simulation Lampkin, Levett-Jones, Bellchambers, Fernandez, 2010- systematic review of lit Draycott increeased Apgar, decreased brachial plexus injuries

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WASHINGTON STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF NURSING | RESEARCH | WASHINGTON STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF NURSING | RESEARCH PRINCIPLES WE THINK WE KNOW 2010 Feedback Deliberate practice Curriculum integration Outcome measurements Simulation fidelity Skill maintenance and decay Mastery learning Transfer to practice- translational science

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WASHINGTON STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF NURSING | RESEARCH | WASHINGTON STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF NURSING | RESEARCH Team training High stakes testing Instructor training Education and professional context PRINCIPLES WE THINK WE KNOW 2010

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WASHINGTON STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF NURSING | RESEARCH | WASHINGTON STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF NURSING | RESEARCH RESEARCHWHY?

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WASHINGTON STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF NURSING | RESEARCH | WASHINGTON STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF NURSING | RESEARCH

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WHY? A Perfect Storm Timing Fits US paradigm of expensive technology Clinical slots disappearing IOM report No alternative to clinical educational practices Societal and accrediting agency demands

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WASHINGTON STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF NURSING | RESEARCH | WASHINGTON STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF NURSING | RESEARCH RESEARCHWHO?

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WASHINGTON STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF NURSING | RESEARCH | WASHINGTON STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF NURSING | RESEARCH Imagine the Tin Man from the Wizard of Oz here

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WASHINGTON STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF NURSING | RESEARCH | WASHINGTON STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF NURSING | RESEARCH Imagine the Cowardly Lion from the Wizard of Oz here

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WASHINGTON STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF NURSING | RESEARCH | WASHINGTON STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF NURSING | RESEARCH Get a research partner if you are new to research.

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WASHINGTON STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF NURSING | RESEARCH | WASHINGTON STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF NURSING | RESEARCH RESEARCHHOW? No NINR funding for nursing education research We know everything we need to know about teaching nursing No change in educational practices in 30 years

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WASHINGTON STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF NURSING | RESEARCH | WASHINGTON STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF NURSING | RESEARCH Imagine the Scare Crow from the Wizard of Oz here.

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WASHINGTON STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF NURSING | RESEARCH | WASHINGTON STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF NURSING | RESEARCH

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PLEASE Read conference abstracts Read journals Repeat good studies Improve upon published studies Use reliable and valid tools Do a power analysis Use proper n Use the strongest research design you can

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WASHINGTON STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF NURSING | RESEARCH | WASHINGTON STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF NURSING | RESEARCH

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FORM A RESEARCH TEAM Statistician Educational psychologist Another school Someone with research experience Seek a mentor Other health disciplines

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KIRKPATRICKS LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level 1 Reactions Level 2 Learning Level 3 Transfer to another setting Level 4 - Translation to practice

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WASHINGTON STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF NURSING | RESEARCH | WASHINGTON STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF NURSING | RESEARCH WE NEED QUALITATIVE STUDIES ABOUT SIMULATION

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WASHINGTON STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF NURSING | RESEARCH | WASHINGTON STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF NURSING | RESEARCH WE NEED INTERDISCIPLINARY STUDIES WITH OTHER HEALTH CARE PROFESSIONALS AND/OR STUDENTS

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WASHINGTON STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF NURSING | RESEARCH | WASHINGTON STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF NURSING | RESEARCH RESEARCHNOW

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WASHINGTON STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF NURSING | RESEARCH | WASHINGTON STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF NURSING | RESEARCH

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UTSTEIN CONFERENCE ON STATE OF THE SCIENCE IN SIMULATION NORWAY JUNE 2010 AGENDA FOR RESEARCH IN SIMULATION

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WASHINGTON STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF NURSING | RESEARCH | WASHINGTON STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF NURSING | RESEARCH

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PLEASE LIST YOURSELF IN SIRC WEBSITE UNDER SIMULATION RESEARCHERS!

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WASHINGTON STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF NURSING | RESEARCH | WASHINGTON STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF NURSING | RESEARCH

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YOUR HOMEWORK! Researchers: List yourself on SIRC website

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Questions? sedgren@wsu.edu

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WASHINGTON STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF NURSING | RESEARCH | WASHINGTON STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF NURSING | RESEARCH REFERENCES McGaghie, W., Issenberg, S.B., Petrusa, E., Scalese, R. (2010). A critical review of simulation-based medical educational research 2003-2009. Medical Education 44, 50-63. Kirkpatrick, D. (1994). Evaluating training programs: The four levels. San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler. Benner, B., Sutphen, M., Leonard, V., & Day, L. (2010). Educating nurses. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. Beyea, S. C., Slattery, M. J., & von Reyn, L. J. (2010, September). Outcomes of a simulation-based nurse residency program. Clinical Simulation in Nursing, 6(5), e169-e175. Lampkin, Levette- Jones, Bellchambers, Fernandez (2010) Clinical Simulation in Nursing. In press.