Washington State Department of Ecology King County Department of Natural Resources Ecology -...

CONTROL OF TOXIC CHEMICALS IN PUGET SOUND

ASSESSMENT OF SELECTED TOXIC CHEMICALS IN THE PUGET SOUND BASIN, 2007-2011

Washington State Department of Ecology

King County Department of Natural Resources

Ecology - Presentation for Salish Sea Conference - 10/25/2011 - Preliminary Results


What will be covered …

Background on the Puget Sound Toxics Loading Analysis

Key Elements of the Assessment ReportSourcesLoading and PathwaysHazard Evaluation

Approach to Prioritizing Near-Term Actions

Puget Sound Toxics Loading Analysis(PSTLA)

The overall goal of PSTLA …

… is to provide scientific information that will help guide decisions about how to best to direct and prioritize resources and strategies for controlling toxic chemicals in the Puget Sound basin.


Phased approach


Initial estimates and data gaps (2007)• Surface runoff• Atmospheric deposition• Wastewater discharges• Combined sewer overflows• Spills to marine waters

best available information

Improved load estimates (2008-2010)

• Surface runoff• Wastewater discharges• Ocean data

•T-BiOS• Sediment-Biota Flux Data and models

Targeting priority toxics sources (2008-2011)LOADING STUDIES• Surface runoff• Atmospheric deposition • Wastewater discharges• Ocean exchange• Groundwater

• Pelagic Food Web• PPCPs in WWTPs• Primary Sources Field Data and models

Toxic Chemicals in Puget Sound

Where do they come from?

How much is being delivered?

What delivery pathways contribute to the loading?

What is the relative toxic hazard posed by these chemicals at observed concentrations?


Chemicals of Concern

MetalsHalogenated

Organics Other Organics

Arsenic PCBs PAHs

Cadmium PBDEs DEHP

Copper Dioxins/Furans Triclopyr

Lead DDT Nonylphenol

Mercury Petroleum

ZincEcology - Presentation for Salish Sea Conference - 10/25/2011 - Preliminary Results


Where do they come from?


Primary Sources Initial Releases from Sources

Preliminary EstimatesAnthropogenic ReleasesOngoing Releases

Does Not include:Natural SourcesLegacy PollutionPathways


Total Annual Releases (t)

Petroleum 10,000

Zinc 1,000

Lead 500

Total PAH 300

Copper 200

Triclopyr 100

DEHP 40

Total PCB 2

Cadmium 1

Arsenic 0.8

Total PBDE 0.7

Mercury 0.5

Nonylphenol 0.2

Dioxins/Furans 0.00001



Railroad Maintenance Equipment EmissionsAirport Service Equipment Emissions

Asphalt - totalCigarette smoke

Residential Fuel Combustion, except WoodAgricultural Equipment Emissions

Logging Equipment EmissionsResidential Yard Waste Burning

Light Duty Diesel Vehicle EmissionsIndustrial Equipment Emissions

Locomotive EmissionsRoofing materials - total

Other Industrial and Military FacilitiesRecreational Boat Emissions

Coal tar sealantsRecreational Equipment Emissions

Tire wearGas Station Emissions

Construction Equipment EmissionsHeavy Duty Diesel Vehicle Emissions

Commercial Equipment EmissionsPetroleum Refineries

Aluminum MillsPulp and Paper Mills

Lawn and Garden Equipment EmissionsAir Emissions from Ind/Com/Institut. Sources

Residential Trash BurningPetroleum spills, leaks, and improper motor oil disposal

Heavy Duty Gasoline Vehicle EmissionsCreosote Treated Utility poles

Light Duty Gasoline Vehicle EmissionsCreosote Treated Railroad ties

Creosote Treated Marine pilings - totalWoodstoves and Fireplaces

0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 40%

0.0020.020.02

0.03)0.040.040.050.10.20.30.50.60.60.90.90.91.01.21.31.82.02.3302.6903.2105.05.26.5

1111

1729

4354

107

Percent of Total Release

Total = 310 t/yr

PAH Releases


CCA-treated wood

Metal Foundries

Air Emissions from Ind/Com/Institut. Sources

Other Industrial and Military Facilities

Aquatic-use algaecides in pools, fountains, spas, etc.

Tire wear

Naval Shipyard

Micronutrients

Agricultural use of pesticides - total

Antifouling paint - total

Army Base

Roofing materials - total

Brake pad wear

Plumbing fixtures, pipes, and solder

Urban lawn & garden use of pesticides

0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35%

0.06

0.22

0.44

0.83

1.50

1.9

5.12

5.44

10

25

23

27

39

73 (1.1 - 73)

Percent of Total Release

Total = 180 - 250 t/yr

37

Copper Releases


How much is being delivered?

What delivery pathways contribute to the loading?


Total Annual Loads (t) Petroleum 330 - 550

Zinc 140 - 240

Copper 33 - 80

Arsenic 14 - 25

Lead 4 - 12

DEHP 2 - 3

Total PAH 0.2 - 1

Triclopyr 0.6 – 0.7

Cadmium 0.05 – 0.5

Mercury 0.1 – 0.4

Total PBDE 0.03 – 0.05

Nonylphenol 0.02

Total DDT 0.002 – 0.03

Total PCB 0.003 – 0.02

Dioxins/Furans NA



POTWsSurface Runoff

Atmos.Dep.

GroundWater

As

Cd

Cu

Pb

Hg

Zn


POTWsSurface Runoff

Atmos.Dep.

GroundWater

PCBs

PBDE

DDT

DEHP

LPAH

HPAH

cPAH

TotalPAH


What is the relative toxic hazard posed by these chemicals at

observed concentrations?


Hazard Evaluation Media/Receptors:

Surface WaterSedimentsTissue ResidueWildlifeHuman Health

Compared Observed Concentrations (90th Percentile) to Thresholds

“Priority 1” if Observed (90th %ile) Exceeds Threshold



No Overlap:

Priority 2 Level of Concern


Overlap:

Priority 1 Level of Concern

Hazard Evaluation – Priority 1 COCsSurface Water Sediments Tissue

Residue Wildlife Human Health

Copper Arsenic PCBs Mercury PCBs

Mercury Cadmium PCBs PCDD/Fs

Zinc Copper PCDD/Fs DDT

PCBs Mercury DDT PAHs

DDT Zinc DEHP

PCBs

PAHs

DEHP


Not Analyzed: • PBDEs• Triclopyr

• Petroleum

Prioritizing Near-Term Actions

Priority 1 Hazard for at least two categories

Large Opportunity for Source Control

Substantial Loading to Puget Sound


COCs and Sources for Near-Term Actions

CopperUrban and Agricultural Pesticides

Roof RunoffCopper and Zinc

○ Phthalates and Cadmium

PAHsCreosote treated WoodWoodstovesVehicle Emissions

PetroleumMotor Oil Drips and LeaksMinor Gasoline Spillage at PumpMarine Engine Oil and Gas LeaksEcology - Presentation for Salish Sea Conference - 10/25/2011 - Preliminary Results

Lessons Learned Stay Goal-Oriented

What is most important information to have?Provides direction for approach

Natural Sources and Legacy ContributionMass balance

Expand List of Chemicals AddressedApproach from effects perspective?



Drew AckermanJoel BakerJosh BaldiRobert BlackJon ButcherJim CowlesMichael CoxJay DavisKaren DinicolaRob DuffJoan HardyLon Kissinger

Andrew KolosseusCarol KraegeAndrea LaTierSandie O’NeillAnthony PaulsonCharles PitzScott RedmanMindy RobertsMichael RylkoNathaniel ScholzRandy ShumanAlex Stone

Ken StoneIan WesleyJim West

Primary Sources Project TeamHolly DaviesJim MaroncelliTanya RobertsDave Serdar

Assessment Project TeamJenée ColtonRichard JackDeb LesterDale NortonDave Serdar

Thanks to:


This work was funded largely through an EPA National Estuary Program Grant


What’s Next?

Primary Sources and Assessment Reports will be available:

○November 3, 2011

Washington State Department of Ecology Homepage

○www.ecy.wa.gov○ Click on Saving Puget Sound

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