WashingtonLand Features

Land Features• Physical Attributes

– Makes up a Geographical Unit

• Topography– Shaped By:

• Uplift, Deformation, and Breakdown of Bedrock

• Erosion, Transport, and Deposition of Sediment

• Terrain– Created by Plate Tectonics

Theory of Plate Tectonics

• Plate Tectonics– Creates and Shapes the Earth’s Crust

• 7 Large

• 18 Small– Granite

– Basalt

• Movement with the Lithosphere– Explained by the Theory of Plate Tectonics

• Mountains and Volcanoes

• Earthquakes and other Geophysical Occurrences

Western US Washington State

• Home to 5 major Volcanoes

• Cascade Range – Volcanic Arc

• Stretches from Southern British Columbia all the way to Northern California

• Past 12,000 years over 200 eruptions

• All Washington Volcanoes erupted except Mount Adams.

• All still active today

Main Movement

• Convergent Continental margin- collision boundary between two plates

• Cascadia Subduction Zone – Northern American plate and Juan de Fuca Plate

• Both plates converge at a rate of about 2 inches per year

Geological Events

• Active Volcanoes– The Ring of Fire

• Mount St. Helens– March 20, 1980

• 4.1 Earthquake

– May 18, 1980• 5.1 Earthquake

Rock Types

• Northwest American Plate– Northwest Region

• Igneous Rocks

• Igneous Rocks– Volcanic

• Aboveground

– Plutonic• Belowground

Geological Relationships

• Basalts– Series of Lava Flows

• Roxa Flow

• 1 Million to 12 Million Years Ago

• Hot Rock– In the Mantle Rise

• Plumes

• Plumes– Volcanic Rock is Created

Geological Importance

• Created by Volcanic Eruptions– Formed Large Granite Rocks

• Cascade Mountain Range– Formed by Floods of Molten Rock– Erupted through Cracks in the Crust

• Formed Basalts of the Columbia Plateau

• Continental Glaciers– Rose and Scoured

• Constructing the Washington Landscape

Conclusion• History Revolves Around Natural Disasters

– Events Constructed the Land• Cascade Mountain Range

– Mt. Saint Helens

– Events Created Usable Materials• Rich Mineral Soil

– Logging

• Mining– Gold and Silver

ReferencesCHESTER, R. (2008). Chapter 11: PLATE TECTONICS: THE EARTH SCIENCE "THEORY OF EVERYTHING.". In , Furnace

of Creation Cradle of Destruction: A Journey to the Birthplace of Earthquakes, Volcanoes, & Tsunamis (pp. 130-142). American Management Association International. Retrieved from EBSCOhost.

Dance of the Giant Continents. (2011). Retrieved July 10, 2011, from University Of Washington: http://www.burkemuseum.org/static/geo_history_wa/Dance%20of%20the%20Giant%20Continents.htm

Dietrich, W. E., & Perron, J. (2006). The search for a topographic signature of life. Nature, 439(7075), 411. Retrieved from EBSCOhost.

Earthquakes in Washington. (2011). Retrieved July 10, 2011, from Washington State Department of Natural Resources: http://www.dnr.wa.gov/researchscience/topics/geologichazardsmapping/pages/earthquakes.aspx

Lange, G. (2002, April 13). Earthquake Hits Puget Sound Area. Retrieved July 10, 2011, from History Link.org: http://www.historylink.org/index.cfm?DisplayPage=output.cfm&File_Id=2063

Lerner, K. L. (n.d.). Bowen’s Reaction series. Retrieved from http://science.jrank.org/pages/1003/Bowen-s-Recation-Series.html

Merali, Z., & Skinner, B. J. (2009). Visualizing Earth science. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.

Nelson, P.A. (2010, Sept). Volcanic Landforms, Volcanoes and plate tectonics. Retrieved from http://www.tulane.edu/~sanelson/geo1204/volclandforms.html

Rosenberg, J. (n.d.). Mt. St. Helens. Retrieved July 10, 2011, from About.com: http://history1900s.about.com/od/horribledisasters/p/mtsthelens.htm

Schettino, A., & Scotese, C. R. (2005). Apparent polar wander paths for the major continents (200 Ma to the present day): a palaeomagnetic reference frame for global plate tectonic reconstructions. Geophysical Journal International, 163(2), 727-759. doi:10.1111/j.1365-246X.2005.02638.x

"Washington." The Great American History Fact-Finder. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 2004. Credo Reference. 30 May 2007. Web. 11 July 2011. <http://www.credoreference.com.ezproxy.apollolibrary.com/entry/hmgahff/washington>.

What is a Geological Event. (2011). Retrieved July 10, 2011, from Answers.com: http://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_is_a_geologic_event

Questions?