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Warren Scott Ulrich Rauch University of British Columbia
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Transcript of Warren Scott Ulrich Rauch University of British Columbia
An Organic Learning Object Cycle:
A Communication-centric Model for Knowledge-building Using
Collaborative Tools
Warren ScottUlrich Rauch University of British Columbia
The University of British Columbia (live)
Outline • Look forward to emerging models of object-oriented
collaborative interaction and…
…subsequent re-use of the interactions themselves as learning objects.
• Discussion of a framework model that allows us to understand the development of an organic cycle of learning object oriented knowledge building
• Examples: diverse means of integrating learning objects into course development
• Examples: we discuss the advance of Tablet PCs, peer-to-peer software (eg. Silicon Chalk), and sophisticated, feature-rich bulletin boards as we begin to approach peer- led, student-centred and learner controlled communities of information exchange.
• Discussion of the cycling of the model with time and technology
Chunks of Content?
• Learning objects have been viewed in a static, content-centric way; as re-usable "chunks" of content that mediate learning and can be re-combined in new contexts.
• The recognition of interactivity and communication as a basis for effective e-learning has brought forward a number of technologies and strategies that promise to engage students fully; such tools can take effective advantage of learning object paradigms.
adapted from Wiley @ UBC, 03/2003
Interaction
e-learning emerges as benefiting not so much from re-usable aggregated content, but from collaborative knowledge building
Content
How can we map Learning Objects oriented design and programming to collaborative knowledge building environments?
Content Mastery ≠ Learning
Gratuitous Definition of a Learning Object
• A learning object is a reusable unit of instruction for e-learning. In order to use it in different contexts, the presentation has to be separated from the content. which calls for specific data formats. SCORM is such a format.
Source: http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Learning Objects
Why organic Learning Objects?
• We propose an “organic” approach to educational web-based systems where learning objects, operations on these objects, and actors that perform with them are aggregated in meaningful ways.
• Users of learning objects must be able to propose adaptations and improvements constantly, and flexibly.
(adapted from Paquette & Rosca, Canadian Journal of Learning and TechnologyVolume 28(3) Fall / automne, 2002: Organic Aggregation of Knowledge Object in Educational Systems)
Aggregation types: A comparison of the
Lego, Chemistry and organic metaphors
Source: Canadian Journal of Learning and TechnologyVolume 28(3) Fall / automne, 2002: Organic Aggregation of Knowledge Object in Educational Systems. Gilbert Paquette, Ioan Rosca
-our use of “organic” is less systemic, and relates to a social and dynamic “grassroots” growth of knowledge.
adapted from Wiley @ UBC, 03/2003
Content
Interaction
Knowledge
Comprehension
Application
Analysis
Synthesis
Evaluation
Blo
om
Learn
ing
Levels
(Blo
om
et
al , 1
95
6)
Wiley @ UBC, 03/2003
Content
Interaction
Bloom levels and collaboration
Knowledge
Comprehension
Application
Analysis
Synthesis
Evaluation
Blo
om
Learn
ing
Levels
(Blo
om
et
al , 1
95
6)
Wiley @ UBC, 03/2003
Content
Interaction
• mostly decontextualised
Rich Content:-Learning Objects in LO Databases
-Files in Folders, etc.
Start with rich content
Rich Content: “primordial stew”
Knowledge
Comprehension
Application
Analysis
Synthesis
Evaluation
Blo
om
Learn
ing
Levels
(Blo
om
et
al , 1
95
6)
Rich Content:-Learning Objects in LO Databases
-Files in Folders, etc.
Wiley @ UBC, 03/2003
Content
Interaction
Next, Content in Context : “knowledge” level
Content in Context:-Aggregated Content, in course Contexts
-eg. WebCT ContentPages
Content in Context : “knowledge” level
Knowledge
Comprehension
Application
Analysis
Synthesis
Evaluation
Blo
om
Learn
ing
Levels
(Blo
om
et
al , 1
95
6)
Wiley @ UBC, 03/2003
Content
Interaction
Rich Content:-Learning Objects in LO Databases
-Files in Folders, etc.
Content in Context:-Aggregated Content, in course Contexts
-eg. WebCT ContentPages
Student Interaction With [Course] Content
E.g. Simulation, Tablets
Interaction with Content
-Student/Class Interaction With [Course] Content
“The 3 Way Media Tool”
Interaction with Content
“Tablet PCs in the Wild”
Knowledge
Comprehension
Application
Analysis
Synthesis
Evaluation
Blo
om
Learn
ing
Levels
(Blo
om
et
al , 1
95
6)
Wiley @ UBC, 03/2003
Content
Interaction
Rich Content:-Learning Objects in LO Databases
-Files in Folders, etc.
Content in Context:-Aggregated Content, in course Contexts
-eg. WebCT ContentPages
Student Interaction With [Course] Content
E.g. Simulation, Tablets
Interaction: student-student, student-teacher
-Discussion in context
Initial Collaborative Activities
• Interaction– Student-student, student-teacher– Discussion in context
• Participants contribute new knowledge objects to explain ideas in discussion– eg. “I found this image -- here it is -- and I think…”
Collaborative Activities
Collaborative Activities II
Collaborative Activities: self-organised metatagging of knowlege
objects
Knowledge
Comprehension
Application
Analysis
Synthesis
Evaluation
Blo
om
Learn
ing
Levels
(Blo
om
et
al , 1
95
6)
Wiley @ UBC, 03/2003
Content
Interaction
Rich Content:-Learning Objects in LO Databases
-Files in Folders, etc.
Content in Context:-Aggregated Content, in course Contexts
-eg. WebCT ContentPages
Student Interaction With [Course] Content
Eg. Simulation, Silicon Chalk, Tablets
Collaborative Knowledge Building Participants pull in (link) to new knowledge objects to explain ideas in discussion context
Interaction: student w/ student, student w/ teacher
-Discussion in context
Collaborative Knowledge Building
Knowledge
Comprehension
Application
Analysis
Synthesis
Evaluation
Blo
om
Learn
ing
Levels
(Blo
om
et
al , 1
95
6)
Wiley @ UBC, 03/2003
Content
Interaction
Rich Content:-Learning Objects in LO Databases
-Files in Folders, etc.
Content in Context:-Aggregated Content, in course Contexts
-eg. WebCT ContentPages
Student Interaction With [Course] Content
E.g. Simulation,Tablets
Collaborative Knowledge Building…and learning objects
The discussion/interaction record ITSELF becomes a learning object (generation of new knowledge/content/ideas)
-eg. A Threaded Discussion, a Weblog
Interaction: student w/ student, student w/ teacher
-Discussion in context
Participants pull in (link) to new knowledge objects to explain ideas in discussion context
Integrate new knowledge into existing knowledge base
Knowledge
Comprehension
Application
Analysis
Synthesis
Evaluation
Blo
om
Learn
ing
Levels
(Blo
om
et
al , 1
95
6)
Wiley @ UBC, 03/2003
Content
Interaction
Rich Content:-Learning Objects in LO Databases
-Files in Folders, etc.
Content in Context:-Aggregated Content, in course Contexts
-eg. WebCT ContentPages
Student Interaction With [Course] Content
E.g. Simulation,Tablets
Interaction: student w/ student, student w/ teacher
-Discussion in context
Participants pull in (link) to new knowledge objects to explain ideas in discussion context
The discussion/interaction record ITSELF becomes a learning object (generation of new knowledge/content/ideas)
-eg. A Threaded Discussion, a Weblog
Re-incorporate new knowledge into existing knowledge base
-eg. Wikis, wikipedia, movable type/RSS
Integrate new knowledge into existing knowledge base
• Self-organising collaborative projects• Transition of a community of learners into a self-
organising system
– Blogs– RSS – Wikis
• Ability to “liquify” content and interaction objects is important determinant of flexibility of re-integration/aggregation
Integrate new knowledge into existing knowledge base: examples
Wiki-based Peer Editing
Wikipedia: an example of Organic Collaborative Knowledge Building
http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Embrace%2C_extend%2C_and_extinguish
http://www.wikipedia.org
…and repeat.
Re-incorporate new knowledge into existing
-eg. Wikis, wikipedia, movable type/RSS
Knowledge
Comprehension
Application
Analysis
Synthesis
Evaluation
Blo
om
Learn
ing
Levels
(Blo
om
et
al , 1
95
6)
Wiley @ UBC, 03/2003
Content
Interaction
Rich Content:-Learning Objects in LO Databases
-Files in Folders, etc.
Content in Context:-Aggregated Content, in course Contexts
-eg. WebCT ContentPages
Student Interaction With [Course] Content
Eg. Simulation, Silicon Chalk, Tablets
Interaction: student w/ student, student w/ teacher
-Discussion in context
Participants pull in (link) to new knowledge objects to explain ideas in discussion context
The discussion/interaction record ITSELF becomes a learning object (generation of new knowledge/content/ideas)
-eg. A Threaded Discussion, a Weblog
Content
Interaction
Inte
racti
on
ContentChange in TIME & TECHNOLOGY
Cycles of KnowledgeBuilding over Time
??Content
Interaction
Content
Interaction
Content
Interaction
Content
Interaction
Content
Interaction
Content
Interaction
??In
tera
cti
on
ContentChange in TIME & TECHNOLOGY
????
Cycles of KnowledgeBuilding over Time
What will we see in the next cycle … … and the next?
Trend I: Increasing ability to disaggregate interaction/content from context
Trend II: Increasing ability to navigate diverse histories of ideas
“threadspace”Allows us to capture the breadth of input that leads to the formation of an idea or
concept
Trend III: P2P as means to collaborative knowledge building
Have you blogged at a wysiwyg wiki lately? Is your RSS keeping you well fed?
Trend I: Increasing ability to disaggregate interaction/content from
context
• Problem: extraction of content from context while preserving the inherent meaning of the object
• Solution: liquifying/exporting/importing e.g discussions, annotations, harvesting from the semantic web
• Effect: reprocessing/re-construction of “raw data” – Distilling emerging themes, topics– Develop categories/graphical representation of topics– Establish relationship between topics
“Liquify”
“Re-aggregate”
Interaction
Rich Content:-Learning Objects in LO Databases
-Files in Folders, etc.
Re-incorporate new knowledge into existing
-eg. Wikis, wikipedia, movable type/RSS
The discussion/interaction record ITSELF becomes a learning object (generation of new knowledge/content/ideas)
-eg. A Threaded Discussion, a Weblog
…walking the talk
Trend II: Increasing ability to navigate diverse histories of ideas
• Problem: visualising a non-linear display of complex trajectories of ideas
• Solution: overlaying of dimensions, i.e. overlaying a network of people and network of ideas in two or more dimensions
• Effect: A dimensional space that permits the collocation of people with ideas
Trend II: continued
• Reflection: we have moved from thinking about re-usable content to thinking about making re-used content available through elaborate social and technical networks. Re-usability is now a function of [high] availability of standards-based resources and not one of “cut and paste” replication.
• Tools (really: interfaces to the semantic web) allow us to collect and aggregate interactions
Trend III:P2P (technically and socially) as means to collaborative knowledge
building• Problem: the fit get rich/winner takes it all
– What is the topology of these networks? Are there emerging “laws of Physics?” Are these networks/spaces democratic? Random or scale free?
• Solution (technical): From client-server relationship to client-client, with each client alternately using their capacities as “server” or as “client”
• Solution,(social): An iteration of the organic learning-object cycle, where “peers” add content and context to a given object, resulting in a richer object…which in turn can be disaggregated in NEW ways, in a subsequent cycle.
• Effect: A multi-dimensional network of users with hubs turning nodes- turning hubs
• Question: what are the organizing principles that govern the development of these live and organic collaborative networks of ideas/users?
Thank You!
Ulrich Rauch [email protected] Scott [email protected]