WARMUP What does the word ‘progressive’ mean? What changes are we going to see during the...
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WARMUPWhat does the word ‘progressive’ mean?
What changes are we going to see during the Progressive Era?
What were the problems of the Gilded Age?
How can they be fixed?
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The Progressive Era
1890-1920
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What were the issues of the Gilded Age?Disparity of wealthWorkers rights Working conditions
Wages, hours, child labor, danger, etc.Poverty in cities – Tenements, poor
sanitationRacial discrimination – Immigrants &
African Americans Corruption in Social Justice
Immigrants, Women, African Americans, Children
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Progressive EraOccurred in reaction to the extreme
corruption, workplace conditions, and injustice of the Gilded Age
Popular Presidents of the Progressive Era include Teddy Roosevelt & Woodrow Wilson
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Progressivism
Movement based on the idea that new ideas and
honest, efficient government could bring
about social justice
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Progressive Beliefs· Move away from laissez faire with
government regulating industry· Make US government responsive
to the people (voting)· Limit power of the political
bosses.· Improve worker’s rights,
conditions for poor and immigrants
· Clean up the cities· End segregation and Jim Crow
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Areas to ReformSocial Justice
Political DemocracyEconomic Equality
Conservation
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Social Justice Improve working
conditions in industry, regulate unfair business practices, eliminate child labor, help immigrants
and the poor
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Political Democracy Give the government
back to the people, get more people voting and
end corruption with political machines.
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Economic Justice •Fairness and opportunity in the
work world, regulate unfair trusts and bring about
changes in labor. •Demonstrate to the common people that U.S. Government
is in charge and not the industrialists.
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CONSERVATION
Preserve natural resources and
the environment
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Populists vs Progressives
Populists---rural Progressives---cities
Populists were poor and uneducatedProgressives were middle-class and
educated.
Populists were considered too radicalProgressives stayed politically
mainstream.
Populists initially failedProgressives had more success
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What is a muckraker?
Writer/journalist who exposes the problemsof society in order to bring about reform
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Lincoln Steffens (magazine editor) The Shame of the Cities Political corruption in
Philadelphia Link between big businessand crooked politicians
Jacob Riis (photographer,
NY Evening Sun) How the Other
Half Lives Poor living conditions in tenements
Muckrakers
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Ida Tarbell The History of Standard Oil Robber baron business
practices of Rockefeller Described the firms cutthroat methods of eliminatingcompetition.
John Spargo The Bitter Cry of the Children Child Labor
Also, Lewis Hine
Muckrakers
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Lewis Hine and Child Labor
Lewis Hine was a school teacher turned muckraker during the Progressive era.
In 1908, Hine became a photographer who was interested in exposing the ills of society.
From 1908-1912, he targeted the abuses of child labor in American Industry.
He produced a photo essay on child labor in 1909
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Frank NorrisThe OctopusUnfair business practices of the Southern Pacific Railroad
Muckrakers
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Upton Sinclair The Jungle Working conditions for
immigrants; unsanitary conditions in meat-packing plants
Frances E.W. Harper Iola Leroy Struggles of African Americans
Muckrakers
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Who are the Progressives?In addition to Muckrakers, they were also Religious
Groups
1. Preaching of the "social gospel."
2. Create acts of god, churches should work to improve conditions for workers and the poor.
3. Religious organizations like the YMCA, YWCA, concentrated efforts on helping newcomers adjust to life in the big cities. Investigates slum conditions, provided food and clothing and set up settlement houses.
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Who are the Progressives?Radical Groups 1. Socialist Party a. Organized in 1901 by labor leaders
including Eugene V. Debs.
b. Wanted govt. takeover of some big businesses, laws regulating business as well as a minimum wage and laws setting the length of the work week to 40 hours.
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African Americans in Progressive Era
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What increased segregation?
Jim Crow Laws (1876-1965)
Legalized segregation
Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)
“Separate but equal”
Segregation
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How did African Americans face discrimination in voting?15th AmendmentPoll TaxLiteracy TestsGrandfather Clauses
How?Southern states evade 15th Amend.Required money to voteMust pass a test to voteIf your ancestors could vote prior to 1866, then so could you
How did these discriminate African Americans?
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Booker T. WashingtonHard work“Pull yourself up by your
bootstraps”Tuskegee Institute, vocational education
W.E.B. DuBoisDisagreed with WashingtonWanted blacks to demand
full equality
Opposing Discrimination
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NAACP National Association for the Advancement of
Colored People
Founded in 1909Springfield, IllinoisFounded by W.E.B. DuBois, Ida B. Wells, Florence Kelly, and other progressive reformers
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NAACP
The NAACP was formed partly in response to the continuing horrific practice of lynching and the 1908 race riot in Springfield, the capital of Illinois and resting place of President Abraham Lincoln.
Appalled at the violence that was committed against blacks, a group of white liberals that included Mary White Ovington and Oswald Garrison Villard, both the descendants of abolitionists, William English Walling and Dr. Henry Moscowitz issued a call for a meeting to discuss racial justice.
Some 60 people, seven of whom were African American (including W. E. B. Du Bois, Ida B. Wells-Barnett and Mary Church Terrell), signed the call, which was released on the centennial of Lincoln's birth.
source naacp.org
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NAACP
The NAACP's principal objective is to ensure the political, educational, social and economic equality of minority group citizens of United States and eliminate race prejudice. The NAACP seeks to remove all barriers of racial discrimination through the democratic processes.
This group helps pave the way for continued work towards civil rights for African Americans.
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Tuskegee Institute
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Who opposed discrimination, and how?
Ida B. WellsWorked to stop lynchingNationalAssociation ofColored Women
http://withoutsanctuary.org/main.html
“Brave men do not gather by thousands to torture and murder a single individual, so gagged and bound he cannot make even feeble resistance or defense.”
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Wrapup
1.What were the goals of Progressives during this era?
2.Name three key problems facing the nation during this time period.
3.What is a muckraker and what do they have to do with the Progressive Era?
4.Name two significant muckrakers and theissues they exposed.