Warmup “The Jews of Germany were not German patriots during the war, and although this will not...
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Transcript of Warmup “The Jews of Germany were not German patriots during the war, and although this will not...
“The Jews of Germany were not German patriots during the war, and although this will not appear a crime in the eyes of the nations who were opposed to Germany, it may throw some light on the Jew's assertion of patriotic loyalty to the land where he lives. Thoughtful Germans hold that it is impossible for a Jew to be a patriot…”
Who said this?
“The International Jew: The World’s Foremost Problem”
“I regard Henry Ford as my inspiration.”◦ Hitler 1931
July 1938 – awarded ‘Grand Cross of the German Eagle’
Born April 20th, 1889 to Alois Schicklgruber and Klara Pölzl in Austria
Alois took name Hiedler of his uncle◦ Spelled it Hitler
Klara was his niece◦ 24 year age difference
Father was violent and abusive Hitler was a menacing child
◦ Played pranks◦ Lead others in disorderly
conduct Fought with father
over his future◦ Hitler wanted to be an Artist
Father died at 13◦ Hitler free to do as he pleased
Dropped out of High School at age 16◦ Moved to Vienna - Heavily Anti-Semitic city◦ Developed intense hatred for Jews
Failed painter◦ Homeless at times
Deemed unfit to servein Austrian army
Inherited money in 1913◦ Moved to Munich
Petitioned King of Bavaria to enter war◦ Wounded during Battle of Somme◦ Temporarily blinded by Mustard Gas in 1918◦ Received two Iron Cross awards for bravery
Hardens ardent German nationalism
Did not understand Germany’s surrender◦Versailles◦War Guilt Clause
Popular social theory many Germans believed led to WWI loss◦ Military didn’t lose on battlefield◦ Stabbed in the back at home
Unpatriotic citizens War profiteers Jews Marxists Civilian politicians
November Criminals
GERMANY INTRODUCES WEIMAR REPUBLIC
KAISER WILLIAM II ABDICATES UNDER THREAT OF REVOLUTION.
- NEW LEADERS SIGN ARMISTICE AND LATER TREATY OF VERSAILLES
1919, NEW GERMAN GOVERNMENT DRAFTS CONSTITUTION IN WEIMAR
-CREATED DEMOCRATIC GOVERNMENT KNOWN AS THE WEIMAR REPUBLIC 1919-1933
-GOVERNMENT LED BY CHANCELLOR & REICHSTAG
-BILL OF RIGHTS
Hitler still enlisted in army◦ Attends meeting of DAP (Deutsche
Arbeiterpartei) German Workers Party
Hitler discharged in 1920◦ Joins DAP
Begins speaking outabout November Criminals in publicspeeches
$1922 – The German Government stopped paying Reparations
$1922-23 – Hyperinflation
$Prices rose everyday and every hour
$People began to exchange goods (barter)
UNREST IN GERMANYGERMANS OF ALL CLASSES BLAMED THE GOVERNMENT FOR THE HATED VERSAILLES TREATY.
MANY ACCUSED MARXISTS AND JEWS FOR AN IMAGINARY CONSPIRACY TO BETRAY GERMANY.
OUT OF CONTROL INFLATION
RIDICULOUS REPARATIONS PAYMENTS
RECOVERY IS HELPED BY AMERICAN DAWES PLAN
STOPPED BY GREAT DEPRESSION
GERMANY LOOKS TO ENERGETIC LEADER NAMED ADOLF HITLER TO SAVE THEM
SUPPORT GROWS FOR NEW HITLER
FEB. 1920 2,000 PEOPLE LISTEN TO HITLER LAY OUT HIS IDEAS OF NEW GERMANY
INCLUDING EXPELING JEWS
HITLER READS “THE PROTOCOLS OF THE ELDERS OF ZION”
ANTI SEMITIC BOOK FULL OF LIES
ALLOWS HITLER TO BLAME JEWS FOR EVERYTHING
Popularity grows by 1921◦ Becomes sole leader of DAP
Renames it Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei (NSDAP)◦ National Socialist German Workers Party◦ Shortens nickname to NAZI◦ Adopts Swastika as
official party Emblem
Dates back 3,000 years Sanskrit word meaning ‘to be good’
◦ Often meant life, luck, strength, etc
Southwest Cave Drawing Army 45th Infantry Division Patch
Storm Battalion (1921) (Storm Troopers)◦ aka Brown Shirts
Created to:◦ Protect Nazi Meetings◦ Break up other groups
meetings◦ Terrorize Nazi opponents
Headed by Ernst Röhm
Hitler elects to overthrow government Meeting in Bürgerbräukeller (Munich)
◦ Declares new government for Germany At daybreak, Marches
with SA on War Ministry to overthrow government
Fighting ensues◦ 16 Nazi’s killed
Blutfahne – ‘Blood Flag’
Served 8 months Writes Mein Kampf Solidifies Anti-Semitic
thought Decides only way to
gain power is by democratic means
Wanted to title it Four and a Half Years (of Fighting) Against Lies, Stupidity and Cowardice
Part autobiography /part ideology
“The personification of the devil as the symbol of all evil assumes the living shape of the Jew.”
MEIN KAMPF “MY STRUGGLE”
MAIN THEME WAS SOCIAL DARWINISM
FELT GERMAN PEOPLE WERE RACIALLY SUPERIOR
MASTER RACE OR ARYANS
VIEWED JEWS AS A SEPARATE RACE
Hitler begins rebuilding the party More fervent nationalism/anti-semitism
◦ Blames Jews for WWI loss and Versailles Treaty 1925 – Schutzstaffel (SS) created as
Hitler’s bodyguard 1928 – 9th largest
party in Germany◦ 15 seats in Reichstag◦ Mainly butt of jokes
Increases rhetoric / popularity Hitler vows to:
◦ Make Germany strong◦ Not pay reparations◦ Repudiate Versailles treaty◦ Stamp out corruption◦ Give every German bread
and a job 1930 – Second largest party in Germany
◦ 107 seats in Reichstag
>
Feb. 1932 - Becomes a German citizen
Runs for President against Hindenburg
◦ April 10th, 1932◦ Loses 53% to 37% July 31st, 1932◦ 230 seats in Reichstag◦ Largest party in Germany
February 27th, 1933◦ Blames communists◦ Main opponent
Next day Hindenburg◦ Limits liberty, expression,
press, assembly, association◦ Permits wire tapping◦ Eliminates search warrants◦ Restricts property ownership◦ Allowed federal government
to take over states
March 5, 1933◦ 288 seats in Reichstag
March 23, 1933◦ Reichstag passes bill
giving all duties to Chancellor Hitler
July 14, 1933◦ Law decrees NSDAP
the only political party in Germany
>
June 34 – Night of the Long Knives
August 1934◦ Hindenburg dies◦ Hitler merges
Chancellor and President
Becomes the leader◦ Der Führer
Army takes oath directly to Hitler
Propaganda Anti – Semitism Depression German Nationalism
Silencing Enemies Big Business Money Support of the
common man
CONSOLIDATES POWER AND TAKES POSITION AS DICTATOR.
ELIMINATES ALL CHALLENGERS
BUILDS UP INDUSTRY IN PREPARATION FOR WAR
BY 1935 HITLER IS READY TO IMPLEMENT HIS MASTER PLAN
OUTLINES PLANS FOR WORLD DOMINATION
HITLER BLAMES THE JEWS FOR THE TROUBLES THAT ARE IN GERMANY
ANTI-SEMETIC POLICIES WIN WIDESPREAD SUPPORT
Jews lose rights slowly but, surely
Hitler creates a nationalist fervor by excluding the Jews
1935- Nuremburg Laws in Germany denied citizenship and many other rights to German Jews
Kristallnacht (Night of Broken Glass)- November 9,1938- a pogrom against the Jews of Germany and Austria
Windows were smashed in Jewish shops, and synagogues were burned to the ground
Jews were excluded from all but the most menial forms of employment
RANK THE FOLLOWING IN ORDER OF IMPORTANCE
Own or use a public phone
Date/marry whomever you choose
Own a radio, Nintendo, CD player
Own a pet
Go to the movies
Leave your house when ever you choose
1934 –JEWISH NEWSPAPERS BANNED
CITIZENSHIP FOR JEWS REVOKED
MARRIAGES BETWEEN JEWS AND ARYANS FORBIDDEN
1936- JEWS LOSE RIGHT TO VOTE
1937-JEWS TRVEL RESTRICTED
1938 JEWS LOSE SEVERAL MORE RIGHTS
1939 TURN RADIOS OVER TO THE POLICE
1940 LOSE PHONES IN HOMES ARE BEGIN TO GET TAKEN INTO PROTECTIVE CUSTODY
1941 CAN’T LEAVE HOUSE WITHOUT PERMISSION, NO PUBLIC PHONES
1942- NO NEWSPAPERS, DOGS, CATS, BIRDS, BIKE.
CANT PURCHASE MEAT,EGGS, MILK
HITLER WANTS TO BRING ALL P
EOPLE OF GERMAN DECENT TOGETHER
GAIN LIVING SPACE FOR PEOPLE
Lebensraum
CONQUER INFERIOR PEOPLE
FIRST ON HITLER’S LIST IS AUSTRIA
GETS AUSTRIAN NAZI’S INTO KEY POSITIONS
1938 HITLER ANNEXES AUSTRIA
Many Austrians want merger
ANSCHLUSS
AUSTRIAN GIVEN JOBS
AND FOOD
WESTERN DEMOCRACIES DO LITTLE
SELF-DETERMINATION
APPEASMENT
GIVES HITLER INVINCIBLE FEELING
•Britain in 1938:•2 Army Divisions•A Navy – which planned to blockade in the event of war•Tactical Bombing – only 1 Wing Prepared
•The United States in 1938
•Roosevelt “We must Quarantine Aggressors”
•85% of US didn’t want war
•Neutrality Act
•Clear Message to Chamberlain – You are on your own.
•Soviet Union in 1938:
•Great Purges
•Victims were the officer corps of the Army
•Chamberlain didn’t trust Stalin
•Czechoslovakia
•One of few surviving democracies in Eastern Europe
•Sudetenland
•Majority of Germans – Nazis in area
•September 4, 1938 – Benes (President of Czech) Granted Autonomy to Sudeten Germans
•September 7, 1938 The Times of London, said that Czechoslovakia should give up the Sudetenland
•September 15, 1938 – Hitler insisted on National Self-determination
•The entire Czech defense is in the Sudetenland
•September 22, 1938 – Chamberlain agreed to a phased plan to transfer the Sudetenland
•Hitler wants immediate occupation – Britain hands out gas masks – Chamberlain announces that they are on the brink of war.
•Mussolini Called a Peace Conference in Munich
•Czechs weren’t invited / Russia wasn’t invited
•Hitler got the original offer – Occupation over 10 Days
•Poland and Hungary would also receive slices of Czechoslovakia
•After WWI – Independent
•Governing class had an overwhelming self-confidence
•Polish Myth
•50% of $ is spent of Military (1/6 of what Germany spends)