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Transcript of Warmup (5 minutes) 1. A “dozen” is what we call a “counting unit.” What are some other...
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Warmup (5 minutes)
1. A “dozen” is what we call a “counting unit.” What are some other counting units?
2. Write the formula for aluminum sulfate
3. Do atoms ever disappear from our universe?
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Equationsand the Mole
You will have another Memorization Quiz next class: ions again, and
solubility rules too!
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In science, a mole is how we count the number of a substance (like a dozen).
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How much is a mole?
The number of things in 1mole has been determined to be: 6.02 x 1023
This is Avogadro’s Number (after the scientist who figured it out).
602000000000000000000000 is the number of atoms in 12 grams of carbon.
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Is one mole always the same quantity?
1 mole silicon atoms
1 mole iodine atoms
Mass = 28.09 grams Mass = 126.90 grams
6.02x1023
atoms in each box
Yes: for # molecules or atoms
No: for mass
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2Na(s) + 2H2O(l) → 2NaOH(aq) + H2(g)
solid liquid aqueous gas
2 moles 1 mole (no #)
Reactants Productsarrow = “yield”, “make”, “produce”, “form”
Translate the equation into a sentence!2 moles of solid sodium react with 2 moles of liquid water to yield2 moles of aqueous sodium hydroxide and 1 mole of hydrogen gas (Why H2?)
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Diatomic Elements are:gaseous elements which are unstable if found as a
single atom;
H2 O2 F2 Br2 I2 N2 Cl2
Write an equation:
2 moles of solid sodium react with 1 mole of chlorine gas to yield 2 moles of aqueous sodium chloride
2Na(s) + Cl2(g) 2NaCl(aq)
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Write the equation: solid calcium reacts with aqueous hydrogen chloride to yield aqueous calcium chloride and hydrogen gas
Ca(s) + HCl(aq) → CaCl2(aq) + H2(g)
Is this equation balanced?
Law of conservation of matter: in a chemical reaction, matter is neither
created nor destroyed
1 12 1
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A balanced equation obeys this law; it has equal numbers of each type element on both sides of the equation.
“what goes in, comes out!”
_____H2 + _____ O2 _____ H2O
1 22
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Balancing Tips1) Use a pencil, you might have to erase!
2) It helps to balance metal atoms first, H’s and O’s last!
3) Place whole-number coefficients in front of the formulas; NEVER change subscripts in the chemical formula. “1” is not completely necessary.
4) Multiply new coefficient times the subscript to count the total # atoms for that element on each side. (Example: 2H2= 4 hydrogen atoms total)
It takes practice…you will not learn by watching!
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__Al (s) + __Fe2O3(aq) → __Al2O3(aq)+ __Fe(s)
Balancing Example: #1
2 2 1 1
Al OFeFe O O Al Al OOO Fe
FeAl
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__C2H4 + __O2 → __CO2 + __H2O
2 minutes!
2 231
____ N2 + ____ H2 ____ NH3
231
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Be Careful With Parentheses: How many atoms are in:
Mg(OH)23Mg(OH)
2
# of Mg atoms:
# of O atoms:
# of H atoms:
1 3
2 6
2 6
3Mg(OH2
)23
6
12
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A hamburger is made of certain materials:BunLettuceMeatBun
What would an equation for the synthesis of one hamburger look like?
____Bun + ____Lettuce + ____Meat ____hamburger2 1 1 1
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Mole Ratio Problems
If I wanted to make 20.5 hamburgers, how many buns would I need?
____Bun + ____Lettuce + ____Meat ____hamburger2 1 1 1
20.5 hamburger
(1 hamburger)
(2 buns)= 41.0 buns
How many hamburgers can I make if I had 17 meats (assuming I have enough of everything else)?
17 meats
(1 meat)
(1 hamburger)= 17 hamburgers
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1N2 + 3H2 2NH3
Translate the equation above into a sentence:
If 1 mole N2 reacts with 3 moles H2, 2 moles NH3 are produced.
Write all the molar ratios possible given this equation
The molar ratio compares the number of moles of each compound in an equation. I will sometimes say ‘molecules’ to simplify, although this is technically inaccurate.
1 mole N2 3 moles H2 1 mole N2
3 moles H2 1 mole N2 2 moles NH3
2 moles NH3 3 moles H2 2 mole NH3
1 mole N2 2 moles NH3 3 moles H2
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If 2 moles of N2 are used, how many moles of NH3 will be produced in the reaction?
1N2 + 3H2 2NH3
2 moles N2 (2 moles NH3) = 4 moles NH3
(1 mole N2)
If you want 7.70 moles of NH3, how much H2 is needed?
7.70 moles of NH3 (3 moles H2 ) = (2 moles NH3)
11.6 moles H2
Warning: Sometimes you will have to balance the equation first!