Zinc enzymes Lecture 7: Catalytic zinc Lewis acidity, substrate orientation and polarisation.
Warm update 10/1 Define these words Chemical reaction Reactant Product Activation energy Catalyst...
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Transcript of Warm update 10/1 Define these words Chemical reaction Reactant Product Activation energy Catalyst...
![Page 1: Warm update 10/1 Define these words Chemical reaction Reactant Product Activation energy Catalyst Enzymes Substrate.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022082614/5697bf891a28abf838c8a15b/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Warm up date 10/1Define these words
Chemical reactionReactantProductActivation energyCatalystEnzymesSubstrate
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Warm up date 10/6Write the question and answer!What is the purpose of an enzyme?Describe activation energy?What is the role of a substrate?
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Ms Caldarola
Biochemistry: Chemical Reactions and
Enzymes
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Chemical reactionChemical reaction - a process that changes, or
transforms, one set of chemicals into anotherMass and energy is conserved during chemical
reactionReactants – elements or compounds that enter
into a chemical reactionProduct – elements or compound produced by a
chemical reaction
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Chemical reactionWhat happens to chemical bonds during
chemical reaction?Chemical reactions involve changes in the
chemical bonds that join atoms in compounds
Energy Source?In order to stay alive, organisms need to carry
out reactions that require energyEx: plants trap and store energy from sunlightEx: animals must consume food to get energy
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Energy in ReactionsEnergy is released or absorbed whenever
chemical bonds are formed or brokenThis means chemical reactions involve changes
in energyHow do energy changes affect whether a
chemical reaction will occur?Chemical reactions that release energy often
occur on their ownEx: burning of hydrogen gas 2H2 + O2 2H2OEnergy is released in the form of heat
Chemical reactions that absorb energy will not occur without a source of energy
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Activation EnergyActivation energy – energy that is needed to get
the reaction started
Catalyst- a substance that speeds up the rebate of a chemical reaction Catalysts work by lowering the activation energy level
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EnzymesWhat role do enzymes play in living things and
what affects this function?The role of enzymes is used to speed up
chemical reactions that take place in cellsEnzymes – are proteins that act as a biological
catalysts
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Enzyme Substrate ComplexFor a chemical reaction to take place…
the reactants must collide with enough energy so that existing bonds will be broken and new bond will form
Enzymes provide a site where reactants can be brought together to react
Substrates – reactants of enzyme catalyzed reactions
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Regulation of enzyme activityWhat can affect the activity of enzymes?
TemperaturepHRegulatory molecules
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Enzymes important to the human body
Lactase - is an enzymes produced by the small intestines found in the digestive system of Humans.Lactase breaks down lactose, a simple sugar
which gives milk its sweetnessSalivary amylase -is a protein enzyme, found in
saliva and breaks starch into maltose and dextrin.amylase is most prominent in pancreatic juice
and saliva, each of which has its own isoform of human α-amylase
It will break large, insoluble starch molecules into soluble starches
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Enzymes important to the human bodyProtease -is any enzyme that breaks down proteins
into smaller polypeptides or amino acidsbegins protein catabolism by hydrolysis of the
peptide bonds that link amino acids together in the polypeptide chain forming the protein
Catalase - common enzyme found in nearly all living organisms exposed to oxygen (such as vegetables, fruit or animals). It catalyzes the decomposition of hydrogen
peroxide in living tissue. It is a very important enzyme in protecting the cell from oxidative damage by reactive oxygen species (ROS).