Warm Up Warm Up Write down:Write down:

Action:Action:

Feeling:Feeling:

Setting:Setting:

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mqYgQ6QAxIE

The War Ends The War Ends

Events that impact decades Events that impact decades to cometo come

Yalta Conference - sYalta Conference - sometimes called the ometimes called the Crimea ConferenceCrimea Conference, held February 4–11, 1945, , held February 4–11, 1945, was the wartime meeting of the Big Three was the wartime meeting of the Big Three ((Britain, United States, and Soviet UnionBritain, United States, and Soviet Union) ) which were represented by Churchill, Roosevelt which were represented by Churchill, Roosevelt and Stalin, for the purpose of discussing and Stalin, for the purpose of discussing Europe's post-war reorganization. The Europe's post-war reorganization. The conference convened in the Livadia Palace near conference convened in the Livadia Palace near Yalta, in the Crimea. The meeting was intended Yalta, in the Crimea. The meeting was intended mainly to discuss the mainly to discuss the re-establishmentre-establishment of the of the nations of war-torn Europe.nations of war-torn Europe.

2. Franklin D. Roosevelt Dies -2. Franklin D. Roosevelt Dies -When When Roosevelt returned to the United States, he Roosevelt returned to the United States, he addressed Congress on March 1 about the addressed Congress on March 1 about the Yalta Conference, and many were shocked to Yalta Conference, and many were shocked to see how old, thin and frail he looked. On see how old, thin and frail he looked. On April 12, 1945, Roosevelt died at his home of April 12, 1945, Roosevelt died at his home of a a brain hemorrhagebrain hemorrhage. At the time he . At the time he collapsed, Roosevelt had been sitting for a collapsed, Roosevelt had been sitting for a portrait painting by the artist Elizabeth portrait painting by the artist Elizabeth Shoumatoff, known as the Shoumatoff, known as the famous famous Unfinished Portrait Unfinished Portrait of FDR.of FDR.

3. Harry S. Truman Becomes 3. Harry S. Truman Becomes President - President - Truman Truman succeeded to the succeeded to the presidency on April 12, 1945, when presidency on April 12, 1945, when Roosevelt died after months of Roosevelt died after months of declining health. Under Truman, the declining health. Under Truman, the U.S. successfully concluded World War U.S. successfully concluded World War II; in the aftermath of the conflict, II; in the aftermath of the conflict, tensions with the Soviet tensions with the Soviet Union increased, marking the start of Union increased, marking the start of the Cold War.the Cold War.

4. 4. Potsdam Conference - Potsdam Conference - At the At the Potsdam Conference, Germany was Potsdam Conference, Germany was formally divided into formally divided into fourfour zones zones (British, French, American and Soviet (British, French, American and Soviet zones) July 17 to August 2, 1945zones) July 17 to August 2, 1945

International (relationship International (relationship with allies)  –  When with allies)  –  When Truman attended the Truman attended the Potsdam conference at the Potsdam conference at the end of WWII, he became end of WWII, he became suspicioussuspicious of the of the SovietSoviet intentions under Stalin (this intentions under Stalin (this eventually effected his eventually effected his leadership in the early leadership in the early years of Cold War and led years of Cold War and led to the Truman Doctrine to the Truman Doctrine where the U.S. supported where the U.S. supported Greece and Turkey in their Greece and Turkey in their attempt to ward off attempt to ward off communist threats).communist threats).

Discussion QuestionDiscussion QuestionThe year is 1945 and the Japanese have not The year is 1945 and the Japanese have not yet surrendered. You are President Harry yet surrendered. You are President Harry Truman. Your advisors have informed you Truman. Your advisors have informed you that forcing a Japanese surrender through that forcing a Japanese surrender through conventional fighting may cost as many as conventional fighting may cost as many as one million American lives. You have one million American lives. You have another option: dropping the newly another option: dropping the newly developed atomic bomb on Japan, thereby developed atomic bomb on Japan, thereby killing hundreds of thousands of Japanese. killing hundreds of thousands of Japanese.

Which option do you pick and why?Which option do you pick and why?

5. Atomic War - Development of 5. Atomic War - Development of atomic atomic weapons weapons increased the destructive increased the destructive capability of a country while capability of a country while minimizingminimizing that country’s that country’s lossloss of lives and number of of lives and number of troops necessary; changed how battles troops necessary; changed how battles are fought (from using ground troops to are fought (from using ground troops to using bombs)using bombs)

Manhattan Project

On Monday, August 6, 1945, at 8:15 AM, On Monday, August 6, 1945, at 8:15 AM, the Atomic Bomb "the Atomic Bomb "Little BoyLittle Boy" was " was dropped on dropped on Hiroshima Hiroshima by an American B-by an American B-29 bomber, the 29 bomber, the Enola GayEnola Gay, directly killing , directly killing an estimated 80,000 people. By the end of an estimated 80,000 people. By the end of the year, injury and radiation brought total the year, injury and radiation brought total casualties to 90,000–140,000. casualties to 90,000–140,000. Approximately 69% of the city's buildings Approximately 69% of the city's buildings were completely destroyed, and another were completely destroyed, and another 7% severely damaged.7% severely damaged.

On August 9, 1945, On August 9, 1945, NagasakiNagasaki was the was the target of the United States' second atomic target of the United States' second atomic bomb attack (and the second detonation bomb attack (and the second detonation of a plutonium bomb; the first was of a plutonium bomb; the first was tested in central New Mexico, USA) at tested in central New Mexico, USA) at 11:02 a.m., when the north of the city was 11:02 a.m., when the north of the city was destroyed in less than a second, and an destroyed in less than a second, and an estimated 70,000 people were killed by estimated 70,000 people were killed by the bomb codenamed "the bomb codenamed "Fat ManFat Man." ."

Hiroshima Hiroshima

http://www.youtube.com/watch?http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=998tSBoa3lov=998tSBoa3lo

Hiroshima todayHiroshima today

Dropping the atomic bomb and Dropping the atomic bomb and winning WWII sets United States up winning WWII sets United States up as a super power. as a super power.

In what ways do you think this is In what ways do you think this is true?true?

What happened after the What happened after the U.S. dropped the atomic U.S. dropped the atomic

bomb on Japan?bomb on Japan?

6. Japanese Surrender 6. Japanese Surrender

In the morning of 2 September 1945, In the morning of 2 September 1945, more that two weeks after accepting the more that two weeks after accepting the Allies terms, Japan formally surrendered. Allies terms, Japan formally surrendered. The ceremonies, less than half an hour The ceremonies, less than half an hour long, took place on board the battleship long, took place on board the battleship USS USS MissouriMissouri, , anchored with other anchored with other United States' and British ships in Tokyo United States' and British ships in Tokyo Bay.Bay.

Surrender of Japan, Tokyo Bay, 2 September 1945

Admiral Nimitz

How, do you think, did How, do you think, did Japanese feel about the Japanese feel about the dropping of the atomic dropping of the atomic bomb in their country?bomb in their country?

After WWII, the U.S. headed the After WWII, the U.S. headed the occupation of Japan and introduced occupation of Japan and introduced political and economic reforms. Japan political and economic reforms. Japan became a democracy, a constitutional became a democracy, a constitutional monarchy with an emperor and an monarchy with an emperor and an elected parliament. elected parliament.

Japan has become aJapan has become a

pacifist country.pacifist country.

Effects of Atomic WarThe result, 160,000 dead,  100,000 severely injured.

As of August 2005 the death toll was 379,776.

How did Americans feel How did Americans feel after the bomb was after the bomb was

dropped?dropped?

Americans Response to the End of Americans Response to the End of the Warthe War

August 5, 1963August 5, 1963Dear Kup: Dear Kup:

I knew what I was doing when I I knew what I was doing when I stopped the war that would have stopped the war that would have killed a half a million youngsters on killed a half a million youngsters on both sides if those bombs had not both sides if those bombs had not been dropped. I have no regrets and, been dropped. I have no regrets and, under the same circumstances, I under the same circumstances, I would do it again -- and this letter is would do it again -- and this letter is not confidential. not confidential.

Sincerely yours, Sincerely yours, Harry S. Truman Harry S. Truman

Mr. Irv Kupcinet Chicago Sun-Times Chicago, Illinois

Why did Truman justify his use of the atomic bomb?

Interesting FactJapanese Man Certified as Double A-Bomb Victim A 93-YEAR-OLD JAPANESE MAN HAS BECOME THE

FIRST PERSON CERTIFIED AS A SURVIVOR OF BOTH U.S. ATOMIC BOMBINGS AT THE END OF WORLD WAR II, OFFICIALS SAID TUESDAY.

TSUTOMU YAMAGUCHI HAD ALREADY BEEN A CERTIFIED "HIBAKUSHA," OR RADIATION SURVIVOR, OF THE AUG. 9, 1945, ATOMIC BOMBING IN NAGASAKI, BUT HAS NOW BEEN CONFIRMED AS SURVIVING THE ATTACK ON HIROSHIMA THREE DAYS EARLIER AS WELL, CITY OFFICIALS SAID.

YAMAGUCHI WAS IN HIROSHIMA ON A BUSINESS TRIP ON AUG. 6, 1945, WHEN A U.S. B-29 DROPPED AN ATOMIC BOMB ON THE CITY. HE SUFFERED SERIOUS BURNS TO HIS UPPER BODY AND SPENT THE NIGHT IN THE CITY. HE THEN RETURNED TO HIS HOMETOWN OF NAGASAKI JUST IN TIME FOR THE SECOND ATTACK, CITY OFFICIALS SAID.

"AS FAR AS WE KNOW, HE IS THE FIRST ONE TO BE OFFICIALLY RECOGNIZED AS A SURVIVOR OF ATOMIC BOMBINGS IN BOTH HIROSHIMA AND NAGASAKI," NAGASAKI CITY OFFICIAL TOSHIRO MIYAMOTO SAID. "IT'S SUCH AN UNFORTUNATE CASE, BUT IT IS POSSIBLE THAT THERE ARE MORE PEOPLE LIKE HIM."

CERTIFICATION QUALIFIES SURVIVORS FOR GOVERNMENT COMPENSATION — INCLUDING MONTHLY ALLOWANCES, FREE MEDICAL CHECKUPS AND FUNERAL COSTS — BUT YAMAGUCHI'S COMPENSATION WILL NOT INCREASE, MIYAMOTO SAID.

JAPAN IS THE ONLY COUNTRY TO HAVE SUFFERED ATOMIC BOMB ATTACKS. ABOUT 140,000 PEOPLE WERE KILLED IN HIROSHIMA AND 70,000 IN NAGASAKI.

YAMAGUCHI IS ONE OF ABOUT 260,000 PEOPLE WHO SURVIVED THE ATTACKS. BOMBING SURVIVORS HAVE DEVELOPED VARIOUS ILLNESSES FROM RADIATION EXPOSURE, INCLUDING CANCER AND LIVER ILLNESSES.

DETAILS OF YAMAGUCHI'S HEALTH PROBLEMS WERE NOT RELEASED.

THOUSANDS SURVIVORS CONTINUE TO SEEK OFFICIAL RECOGNITION AFTER THE GOVERNMENT REJECTED THEIR ELIGIBILITY FOR COMPENSATION. THE GOVERNMENT LAST YEAR EASED THE REQUIREMENTS FOR BEING CERTIFIED AS A SURVIVOR, FOLLOWING CRITICISM THE RULES WERE TOO STRICT AND NEGLECTED MANY WHO HAD DEVELOPED ILLNESSES THAT DOCTORS HAVE LINKED TO RADIATION.

Health -Yamaguchi lost hearing in his left ear as a result of the Hiroshima explosion. He also went bald temporarily and his daughter recalls that he was constantly swathed in bandages until she reached the age of 12. Despite this, Yamaguchi went on to lead a healthy life. Late in his life, he began to suffer from radiation-related ailments, including cataracts and acute leukemia. His wife also suffered radiation poisoning from black rain after the Nagasaki explosion and died in 2008 (at 88) of kidney and liver cancer after a lifetime of illness. All three of his children reported that they suffered from health problems that they thought were inherited from their parents' exposure.

DeathIn 2009, Yamaguchi learned that he was dying of stomach

cancer. He died on January 4, 2010 in Nagasaki at the age of 93.

American HeroesAmerican HeroesAudie Leon Audie Leon MurphyMurphy (June 20,  (June 20, 1924 – May 28, 1971) was one of 1924 – May 28, 1971) was one of the most famous and the most famous and decorated American combat decorated American combat soldiers of World War II. He served soldiers of World War II. He served in the European Theater of in the European Theater of Operations where he was awarded Operations where he was awarded the the Medal of HonorMedal of Honor and several  and several other decorations for combat other decorations for combat heroism including combat heroism including combat decorations decorations from France and Belgium. Murphy from France and Belgium. Murphy became a became a celebrated Hollywood actor after celebrated Hollywood actor after the war for over two decades, the war for over two decades, appearing in 44 films, mostly appearing in 44 films, mostly westerns. He also had some westerns. He also had some success as a country music success as a country music composer.composer.

Vernon JosephVernon Joseph Baker Baker (December  (December 17, 1919 – July 13, 2010) was 17, 1919 – July 13, 2010) was a United States Army officer a United States Army officer who received the Medal of who received the Medal of Honor, the highest military Honor, the highest military award given by the United award given by the United States Government for his States Government for his valorous actions during World valorous actions during World War II. He was awarded the War II. He was awarded the medal for his actions on April 5–medal for his actions on April 5–6, 1945 near Viareggio, Italy. 6, 1945 near Viareggio, Italy. Baker was the only living Baker was the only living blackblack American World War II veteran American World War II veteran of the seven belatedly awarded of the seven belatedly awarded the Medal of Honor when it was the Medal of Honor when it was bestowed upon him by bestowed upon him by President President Bill Clinton Bill Clinton in 1997.in 1997.

The Boys Come Home The Boys Come Home

Post-WWII time period creates a population Post-WWII time period creates a population surgesurge which we call the “Baby Boom.” which we call the “Baby Boom.” Children who were born during the baby Children who were born during the baby boom are now of boom are now of retirementretirement age. age.

60% 60% lost value lost value in investments because of in investments because of the economic crisisthe economic crisis42% are 42% are delayingdelaying retirement retirement25% claim they'll 25% claim they'll never retire never retire (currently (currently still working)still working)