Warm Up: WednesdayWeek 7

From the video yesterday:

What was the atlatl (tool used by prehistoric hunters) primarily used for?

A) To Skin the animalsB) To Propel the Spear

Write Question and Answer in Warm Up!!!!!

NATIVE INDIAN CULTURES OF TEXAS

• Much of what is known about the early people of Texas comes from the work Archeologists.

• They have found evidence of early cultures through artifacts.

• At the time the first Europeans in Texas, there were four separate culture groups. Anthropologists have named these:

SoutheasternPueblo

GulfPlains

I. SOUTHEASTERN CULTUREA. Caddoes1. East Texas – Piney Woods2. Farmed corn, squash, beans, potatoes3. Most advanced tribe in Texas4. State name comes from Caddo (Hasinai) word for friend5. Appearancea. Elongated headsb. Tattooed entire bodyc. Men wore Mohawkd. Shells, bones, feathers wore in ears, nose, hair, and as jewelry6. Hunted and fished a. Invented trotlineb. Gathered fruits, berries and nuts7. Dome shaped houses8. Women had most power, someconfederacies matrilineal9. Warfare for revenge, not focus of their lives

B. Witchitas1. Lived along Red River

in North Central Texas2. Farmed in spring and

summer3. Buffalo hunts in winter4. Racoon-eyed people”

because of tatoos5. Large grass homes,

similar to Caddo6. Lived in Teepees during winter

C. ATAKAPAN1. Lived in marshy area between Galveston Bay and Sabine River2. Depended on hunting and gathering deer, bear, fish, and wild plants3. Used alligator grease to repel mosquitoes4. Homes were brush huts

D. CHEROKEE1. Forced off homelands by U.S. Indian Removal Act2. Settled in 1820 in woodlands of Nacogdoches3. Driven out in 1839 by President Lamar to rid Texas of all Indians

E. Alabama-Coushattas1. Migrated to Texas between 1785 and 18162. Settled in East Texas along Trinity River3. Reservation near Livingston in 1854

II. PUEBLOAN CULTURE

A. Jumanos1. Farmed along upper Rio Grande Valley2. Lived in one story adobe buildings with flat roofs (entrance on roof)3. Hunted and gathered prickly pear, mesquite beans, etc. 4. Abandoned settlements and disappeared5. Least known of all Texas Indians6. Middlemen to eastern farming tribes

B. TIGUAS - MOVED TO YSLETA NEAR PRESENT DAY EL PASO AND STILL LIVE THERE TODAY**Known for their beautiful pottery

III. GULF CULTUREA. Coahiltecans1. Lived in dry brush country of South Texas Plains2. Least advanced of all Texas Indians3. Primitive hunters and gatherers4. Rabbit stick – weapon used for digging, chopping, throwing5. Ate spiders, ant eggs, worms, lizards, snakes, earth, rotten wood, deer dung, prickly pear6. Shot fish with bow and arrow7. Lived in low, circular hut8. Little clothing – breechclout, sandals and skin cloak9. Shaman very important

B. KARANKAWAS1. Live along Gulf Coast between Galveston Bay and Corpus Christi2. Tall, well-built people3. Worn cane piercings in body4. War paint – ½ black and ½ red5. Alligator grease for mosquitoes6. Dug-out canoes7. Most food came from sea8. Chief weapon long bow and arrows9. Practiced cannibalism

Warm-Ups: On page 35 in your spiral, create the following chart and complete by writing the tribes under each culture – not all squares will be filled

Southeastern

Gulf Puebloan

Plains

IV. PLAINS CULTUREA. Tonkawas1. Lived on southeastern edge of Edwards Plateau and along rivers in east2. Had depended on buffalo, but pushed off lands by Apache and Comanche3. Ate rabbits, deer, turtles, snakes (favorite), rats and skunk4. Poisened arrow tips with mistletoe berry juice5. Flattened babies heads (cosmetic)6. Practiced Cannibalism

B. APACHES1. Two groups -Mescaleros and Lipans2. Mescaleros live in West

Texas3. Lipans lived in Hill

Country4. Hated Comanche5. Lived in small

gardening villages during spring and summer

6. Nomadic rest of year7. Men wore hair on top

of left ear and to the ground on right

C. COMANCHES1. Lived from early 1700s on High Plains of West Texas (Comancheria)2. Life centered around hunting and war3. Nomadic buffalo hunters4. Expert horseman

D. KIOWAS1. Lived mainly in northeast corner of Panhandle2. Only allies with Comanches3. Lived in tepees with beautiful paintings4. Made pemmican – Indian “trail mix” made of buffalo jerky, dried berries, nuts and animal fat5. Travois – platform dragged behind horse to carry belongings6. Parfleche – “suitcase” made out of stiff leather