Warm-Up Suzy wanted to make sweet tea. She decided to test 5 different pitchers of tea with...
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Transcript of Warm-Up Suzy wanted to make sweet tea. She decided to test 5 different pitchers of tea with...
Warm-UpSuzy wanted to make sweet tea. Shedecided to test 5 different pitchers of teawith different amounts of sugar to seeexactly how much sugar she should add tomake the tea perfectly sweet.• What is the independent variable?• What is the dependant variable?• What would be the control?• What would be the controlled variables?
What is an atom?
basic unit of matter that consists of a dense central nucleus surrounded by a cloud of
negatively charged electrons
What is the atomic
number?
# of protons
What is the atomic mass?
# of protons + neutrons
Usually, # protons and electrons are
equal.
Which electrons do you think atoms use to do their interacting?
the electrons in the outermost shell
aka
VALENCE ELECTRONS
There are 2 types of bonds
• IONIC – 1 atom gives away valence electrons to another
• COVALENT – both atoms share valence electrons
Molecule vs Compound
• A molecule is formed when two or more atoms join together chemically. A compound is a molecule that contains at least two different elements.
• All compounds are molecules, but not all molecules are compounds.
• Molecular hydrogen (H2), molecular oxygen (O2) and molecular nitrogen (N2) are not compounds because each is composed of a single element.
• Water (H2O), carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) are compounds because each is made from more than one element. The smallest bit of each of these substances would be referred to as a molecule. For example, a single molecule of molecular hydrogen is made from two atoms of hydrogen while a single molecule of water is made from two atoms of hydrogen and one atom of oxygen.
Water makes up a large portion of our body.
Ammonia is found in urine as a waste product of breaking down proteins.
Carbon dioxide is a waste product that we exhale.
These molecules are all found in the human body.
What is the purpose of eating food?
• to extract the organic compounds we need to carry out chemical reactions (breaking down of proteins, carbohydrates) in our body
Carbohydrates
• Most abundant of the biomolecules• Storage and transport of energy • Sugar and starch• Structural component (cellulose in
plants)
Proteins
• Large compounds made of amino acids joined by peptide bonds in a chain
• Structural components of animal cells• includes enzymes that catalyze (speed
up) reactions• Needed for metabolism & building
muscle
Lipids
• Fats, oils, waxes, & cholesterol• Energy storage• Structural component of cell membrane• insulation
Types of Fats
• Unsaturated: liquid at room temperature
has C=C double bonds
plants (olive oil)
• Saturated: solid at room temperature
no C=C double bonds
saturated (full) with hydrogen
animals (lard)
Answer the following
1. If you wanted quick energy, which biomolecule would you ingest?
2. If you wanted to build muscle, which biomolecule would you ingest?
• A smaller unit of molecules or monomer combines with other monomers to make a large molecule or polymer.
• Mono means single• Poly means many
Types of Fats
• Unsaturated: liquid at room temperature
has C=C double bonds
plants (olive oil)• Saturated: solid at room temperature
no C=C double bonds
saturated (full) with hydrogen
animals (lard)
What are trans fats?
Unsaturated fats that have hydrogen added to make them more desirable, but are really bad for you. Trans fats
raise your LDL (bad cholesterol).
You will be able to answer:
1. What is happening during a condensation reaction?
2. What is happening during a hydrolysis reaction?
What is happening during dehydration synthesis?
• Monomers combine to form polymers• Water (H2O) molecules formed
H2O
What’s happening during a hydrolysis reaction
• polymers break up into monomers• Water (H2O) is used
• Hydro refers to water… lysis means to break apart
H2O
• http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0072507470/student_view0/chapter25/animation__enzyme_action_and_the_hydrolysis_of_sucrose.html