Warm-up Questions Background Information Group Discussion Listening Comprehension A Personality Test...

Warm-up Questions

Background Information

Group Discussion

Listening Comprehension

A Personality Test

1. Johari Window Model

four quadrants ( 象限 ): Arena, Façade, Blind Spot and Unknown. The lines dividing the four panes are like window shades, which can move as an interaction progresses. The Arena quadrant represents things that both I know about myself, and that you know about me. The Blind Spot quadrant represents things that

The Johari Window, named after the first names of its inventors, Joseph Luft and Harry Ingham, is one of the most useful models describing the process of human interaction. A four-paned “window”, as illustrated above, divides personal awareness into four different types, as represented by its

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A Personality Test

you know about me, but that I am unaware of. The Façade ( 表面，外观 ) quadrant represents things that I know about myself, that you do not know. The Unknown quadrant represents things that neither I know about myself, nor you know about me. Training workshops using this model have been conducted for participants to find out about themselves through self-reflection and through feedback from others.

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A Personality Test

2. Personality Structures

Sigmund Freud used the Ego, the Id and the Superego to signify three aspects of personality development. The Id, in simple terms, refers to our basic instincts; the Ego, on the other hand, is related to the adjustment to reality; while the Superego

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A Personality Test

is concerned with the moral conscience. These three aspects of our mind are in constant communication with one another; at times, they battle with one another. Our behavior is determined by the one that wins the battle.

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A Personality Test

Born on May 6, 1856, in Moravia, which is now in Czechoslovakia.When he was about three years old, the family moved to Vienna.A top student in school.From 1859 to 1938, working as a doctor in Vienna.Around 1895, Freud decided to study and treat mental disorders, developing the theory of “psychoanalysis”.In March 1938, Freud, as a Jew, came to London to flee from the Nazis after the German annexation ( 合并 ) of Austria.Died in 1939 in London.His representative works include:

Freud, Sigmund (1856~1939)—————

—

——

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The Interpretation of Dreams (1900)Fragment of an Analysis of a Case of Hysteria (1905)Group Psychology and the Analysis of the Ego (1921)The Future of an Illusion (1927)Moses and Monotheism (1939)…


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A Personality Test

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Directions: Listen to the passage carefully and answer the following questions.

1. When did Furukawa Takeji, the Japanese doctor, propose his findings?

He proposed his findings nearly a century ago.

2. People of which blood type are very patient?

Type A people are very patient.


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A Personality Test

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3. What personality traits do type O people have?

They are stubborn, impulsive, and loyal to their friends.

4. What is your blood type? Do you believe in Takeji’s theory? Why or why not?

Open-ended.

East Asia’s obsession with blood types comes from the work of Furukawa Takeji, a Japanese doctor who nearly a century ago was sure that one’s personality was caused by his/her blood type. According to his theory, each blood type had a distinctive, corresponding personality type:

Type A people are conservative and passive, and are concerned with appearances. Although type A people are superficial and have a touch of mental instability, they are very patient and finish what they start.

Type B people get along well with others because they are straightforward, and are noted for their creativity. But type B people are also moody and become bored and annoyed easily.

Type O people are stubborn and impulsive. Their redeeming quality is that they are loyal to their friends.

Type AB people are indecisive and picky. They tend to be demanding and impatient, and they have trouble seeing things through.


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A Personality Test

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A Personality Test

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Despite any real evidence to support these ideas, Takeji’s theory quickly caught on. By 1930, standard job application forms included a blank for blood type, and today market researchers use it to predict buying habits, and ordinary people use it to choose friends and romantic partners.

Directions: Here are a group of words describing personal characteristics. Choose six personal characteristics out of those listed which best describe the kind of person you think you are. Discuss with your group members and ask for suggestions. Then choose six personal characteristics you would most like to see in your ideal marriage partner. Compare your choices with your group members’ and discuss the differences. Make your group decision and tell the class.

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A Personality Test


Warm-up Questions

truthfulamusingtidypatienttalkative

independentintellectualdecisivefaithful

considerategenerousbroad-mindedambitious

1.

2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

7.

8. 9.

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A Personality Test


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Directions: Do you want to know what kind of person you are? Please go over the following statements. You can either agree or disagree with each of them.

As a rule, current preoccupations worry you more than your future plans. You find it difficult to talk about your feelings.You feel at ease in a crowd.You do your best to complete a task on time.You are strongly touched by the stories about people’s troubles.You are more interested in a general idea than in the details of its realization.Strict observance of the established rules is likely to prevent a good outcome.Often you prefer to read a book than go to a party.You tend to rely on your experience rather than on theoretical alternatives.

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A Personality Test


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10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16.

17.

18. 19.

It’s difficult to get you excited.You rapidly get involved in social life at a new workplace.It is in your nature to assume responsibility.You frequently and easily express your feelings and emotions.You often think about humankind and its destiny.You believe the best decision is one that can be easily changed.You are a person somewhat reserved and distant in communication.You prefer to act immediately rather than speculate aboutvarious options.You trust reason rather than feelings.You spend your leisure time actively socializing with a group ofpeople, attending parties, shopping, etc.

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20. You usually plan your actions in advance.21. Your actions are frequently influenced by emotions.22. You often contemplate about the complexity of life.23. You often do jobs in a hurry.24. You find it difficult to speak loudly.

YES NO

Up to now, actually you have just finished one third of the complete version of the Jung-Myers-Briggs Typology ( 类型学 ) Test. To finish it and know the analysis of your personality, you can refer to http://www.humanmetrics.com/cgi-win/Jtypes1.htm. If you are interested in other personality tests, you can log onto the following web page:

http://www.personalitypathways.com/type_inventory.html

Myers-Briggs Indicator Test

Group Discussion


A Personality Test

Warm-up Questions

Background Information1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

Do you like your personality? Why or why not?

Have you ever changed your personality? What made the

change?

Do you want to adjust your personality in the future? Why or

why not?

What elements have contributed to the shaping of your

present personality?

What is your favorite color? Do you think it is related to your

personality?

Directions: Text A has twelve paragraphs (1-12). Choose the most suitable heading for each paragraph from the list below.

A) Intellectual traits of personalityB) Environment influence on personalityC) Emotional traits of personalityD) What is personalityE) Three elements of personalityF) Two influences on personalityG) A good time for personality adjustment — adolescenceH) Personality can be adjustedI) Behavior reveals personalityJ) Social traits of personalityK) Personalities are not simpleL) Heredity influences personality

List of Headings

Interview

True or False

Supply the Missing

Information

1-D; 2-K; 3-E; 4-C; 5-J; 6-A; 7-I; 8-F; 9-L; 10-B; 11-H; 12-G

List of Headings

Interview

True or False

Supply the Missing

Information

1. One can hardly change his/her personality after it is formed. F( )

So long as one makes the effort, his/her personality can be changed.

2. Personality is the combination of characteristics that makes one person different from the other people. T( )

3. For the same basic emotions, the majority of people have the same response to them. F( )

For the same basic emotions, each person responds to them individually.

List of Headings

Interview

True or False

Supply the Missing

Information

4. You begin to know something about a person’s emotional traits of personality when you observe how he/she relates to others. F( )

You begin to know something about a person’s emotional traits of personality when you observe how he/she handles his/her emotions.

5. Others can recognize a person’s emotional, social, and intellectual traits of personality through how he/she behaves. T( )

6. As to the question which one affects one’s personality more greatly, heredity or environment, some people clearly know the answer. F( )

No one really knows the answer to the question.

Only a small number of people would like to change some of their personality traits.

List of Headings

Interview

True or False

Supply the Missing

Information

7. Heredity is the set of characteristics that one inherits from his/her parents and ancestors.

F( )Most people would like to change some of their personality traits.

8.

T( )

9. Divorce is not good and it often has negative influences on the growth of young children. T( )

List of Headings

Interview

True or False

Supply the Missing

Information

10. It may be easier for you to change your personality after you graduate from university because at that time you are changing while you are working. F( )

It may be easier for you to change your personality when you are studying in university because at that time you are changing while you are learning.

Directions: Work in pairs. Suppose one of you, an expert on personality, is being interviewed by the partner, a radio program host/hostess about why people have different personalities. Also the expert is expected to give suggestions to the audience on how to improve personality. The following words and expressions are for your reference.

Interview

True or False

List of Headings

Supply the Missing

Information influenceinheritheredityenvironmentancestoradjustment

surroundcomplicatedexertalong withkeep … to

respond tosatisfyaffectaspectnegative

Interview

True or False

Supply the Missing

Information

List of Headings

Directions: Read the text carefully for its main idea and fill in the blanks.

People have different looks and figures. They also have different personalities. Quite often you may find one’s personality can be in one word. However, if you examine personalities closely, you know they are not so and they can be shaped if one . Basically, three categories of elements contribute to forming a person’s personality, namely, . These traits of personality become to others through behavior. Usually, only after you have known a person well enough can you discover what he/she is truly like. Some people wonder why they have this personality instead of others. The explanation is not

summed up__________simple______

makes the effort______________

emotional, social and intellectual___________________________apparent________

easy because no one really knows which of the two influences at work, , has the greater effect. Actually, the combination of the two may not be the same for every person.

heredity and environment_____________________

Interview

True or False

List of Headings

Supply the Missing

Information

Some personalities are than others. Most people would like to change some of their personality traits. If you also have such a plan, you have to be determined and cherish your time because is a period for personality development.

more pleasing____________

adolescence___________

Studying personality is an interesting pursuit. What makes h

uman beings different from one another is not only their genetic

（基因的） make-up or their physical appearance, but also their p

ersonality. Read the following text and reflect on your own perso

nality. How much do you know about yourself? How much do ot

her people know about your true self?

Detailed Reading

One’s personality can be summed up in a word. People might say that Harry is shy; Tasha is aggressive; and Shannon is outgoing. Actually, personalities are more complex than this. A closer look at personalities will show you why they are not so simple, and you will also discover that your personality can be shaped if you make the effort.

People come in all shapes and sizes. They also come with distinctive personalities. The combination of characteristics that makes you different from every other person is your personality.

Personality Development

Detailed Reading

another person may just keep the good news to himself or herself and just enjoy the happiness secretly. As you observe how people handle their emotions, you start to form a picture of this part of their personality.

A person’s personality is composed of many elements. These elements, in general, fall into three categories — emotional, social, and intellectual.

Every person feels the same basic emotions, such as fear, happiness, anxiety and pain, yet each responds to them individually. When Kara’s grandmother died, for example, her sorrow was expressed through tears. Another person might show the same kind of sorrow in a quiet, reflective way. Similarly, when you hear a piece of good news, you may jump up with joy and may immediately decide to throw a party for your classmates and friends to share your happiness and joy;

Detailed Reading

People are also different in how they relate to others. This reveals the social side of their personality, and there are plenty of variations. Some people prefer the company of others rather than being alone. We say they are sociable. Others are just the opposite. Most people want some combination of the two.

Detailed Reading

Intellectual traits are the third part of personality. These qualities are influenced by the mind and how it works. One person may prefer spending his spare time in deep thought. Another may be more creative. Jake, for example, often has people in his class laughing. He sees humor in almost everything and is able to express it in entertaining ways.

The emotional, social, and intellectual traits of personality become apparent to others through behavior. Usually you need to get to know a person well enough before you can discover the full depth of that person’s personality.

When you start thinking about what you are like, you may start wondering why you are that way. Explaining why personalities develop as they do is not easy. That is because two influences are at work: heredity and environment. And no one really knows which one has the greater effect. In fact, the combination of these influences may not be the same for every person.

Detailed Reading

Detailed Reading

Heredity is one influence on personality. Heredity is the set of characteristics that you inherit from your parents and ancestors. “He’s just like his father,” Mrs. Miller always says about her son Todd, now 17. Since Todd’s father died when the boy was only a year old, heredity explains the resemblances, for evidently, Todd has had no opportunity to learn these traits from his father.

Other aspects of personality are shaped by what goes on around a person. Environment — the circumstances, objects, and conditions that surround people — also has an impact on personality. This influence is very strong and very complicated. Home life, for example, affects children’s personalities as they grow. People who feel loved and secure are likely to develop more positive personality traits than those who are troubled as they grow up. That is why divorce is a harmful social practice that often exerts a negative effect on the growth of young children.

Personalities make people interesting. How boring it would be if everyone had the same personality. On the other hand, some personalities are more pleasing than others. What about you? Are you satisfied with your personality? Or is there something — even a small quality — that you would like to change? Most people have at least some personality adjustments they would like to make.

Detailed Reading

Detailed Reading Adolescence is a time for personality development, and

personality is developing right along with everything else. For young university students, shaping your personality as you want it to be may be easier now than later, for you are changing while you are learning. Think about the personality traits that you admire. Just as an athlete builds skills, you can build the personality you want to have, but only if you are determined to do so.

1. How do you understand “in all shapes and sizes”?

2. Translate the two sentences into Chinese.

People come in all shapes and sizes. They also come with distinctive personalities.

人有高矮胖瘦，个性也各不相同。

Detailed Reading

It means people have various looks and figures.

Every person feels the same basic emotions, such as fear, happiness, anxiety and pain, yet each responds to them individually.

1. How does each person respond to these basic emotions?

People respond to the same basic emotions differently. The response is decided by his/her personality.

Detailed Reading

2. Think about some specific examples to illustrate this point. For instance, what do you do when you feel happy and what about your friend with a different personality?

Open-ended.

As you observe how people handle their emotions, you start to form a picture of this part of their personality.

1. What does “this part of their personality” refer to?

It refers to the emotional traits of personality.

Detailed Reading

2. Paraphrase the sentence.

When you see how people respond to their emotions, you begin to learn something of the emotional aspect of their personality.

People are also different in how they relate to others.

1. What does “relate to” mean?

It means to have a certain relationship with.

2. What category of personality traits does this sentence refer to?

It refers to the social traits of personality.

Detailed Reading

Detailed Reading

1. How do you understand “the full depth of that person’s personality”?

Usually you need to get to know a person well enough before you can discover the full depth of that person’s personality.

It means what the person is truly like.

2. Can you find a traditional Chinese saying with a similar meaning to this sentence?

路遥知马力，日久见人心。

In fact, the combination of these influences may not be the same for every person.

1. What do “these influences” refer to?

Detailed Reading

“These influences” refer to the heredity influence and the environment influence.

For different people, the two influences at work have different effects on them in the process of personality development.

2. What can be inferred from the sentence?

Other aspects of personality are shaped by what goes on around a person.

1. Which kind of influence on personality does this sentence refer to?

It refers to the environment influence on personality.

Detailed Reading

2. Translate the sentence into Chinese.

性格的其他特征受到周围环境的影响。

Most people have at least some personality adjustments they would like to make.Detailed Reading

1. Paraphrase the sentence.

Most people would like to change some of their personality traits.

2. What can be inferred from this sentence?

The majority of people are not satisfied with their personality. Therefore they want to make some adjustments to improve it.

Adolescence is a time for personality development, and personality is developing right along with everything else.

1. What does “along with” mean?

It means together with.

2. What can you learn from this sentence?

As adolescents, we should take the chance to develop the personality we want to have.

Detailed Reading

Just as an athlete builds skills, you can build the personality you want to have, but only if you are determined to do so.Detailed Reading

1. What is the precondition for a person to build his/her personality?

He/She has to make up his/her mind to do so.

2. Translate the sentence into Chinese.

正如运动员培养技能一样，你也能建立你想要有的个性，但一定要有决心才行。

combination: n. the act of combining or state of being combined

The firm is working on a new product in combination with several overseas partners.

Pink is a combination of red and white.

Detailed Reading

Collocation:

make a combination 形成组合a fixed combination 固定搭配in combination (with) ……联合，与合作

NB: 注意该词的词性变化。它的动词形式为 combine 。

characteristic:

A characteristic of the camel is its ability to live for a long time without water.Arrogance is one of his less attractive characteristics.

Detailed Reading

He spoke with characteristic enthusiasm.

1. n. a special and easily recognized quality of someone or something

2. adj. typical; representing a person’s or thing’s usual character

characteristic generosity

特有的慷慨行为

Detailed Reading

CF: character, characteristic & feature

feature

characteristic

character 指成年人已经充分发展的生活方式，而且往往和品格有关。例如：

You can read a guy’s character at the first glance.

你一眼就可以看出一个人的性格。

Longevity is an inheritable characteristic.

长寿是一种可遗传的特性。

An aquiline (鹰的 ) nose was her best feature.

鹰钩鼻是她最明显的特征。

通常指外貌的特征，娱乐广告中指特别的或附加的有吸引力的东西。例如：

指某物的任何方面，不涉及全局的重要性，常指有代表性的一个侧面。常用于科技领域。例如：

这三个词作为名词都有“性格”、“品质”、“特征”之意。

sum up:

give a statement of the main points (of a report, a speech, a

trial, etc.) Detailed Reading

教授以扼要的重述结束了报告。

The professor concluded the lecture by summing up.

I cannot find an epithet (表述词语 ) to sum up my feelings.

compose: v. 1. write something, especially a piece of music or poetry

She began to compose at an early age.

He plays the piano beautifully, and he composes his own music.

Detailed Reading

2. make (oneself) calm or tranquil

Compose yourself and deal with the problems logically.

冷静下来，并且理性地处理问题。

Water is composed of hydrogen and oxygen.

The committee was composed mainly of teachers and parents.

3. make up (something) ; form (something)

Detailed Reading 的主语表示事物的组成部分，宾语表示事物的整体。但在被动语态中正好相反。例如：

England, Scotland, and Wales compose the island of Great Britain.英格兰、苏格兰和威尔士组成大不列颠岛。

The committee comprises ten persons.委员会由十人组成。

这几个词都是动词，均有“组成”之意。CF: compose, comprise, constitute & consist

comprise

compose

可以表示“包含”、“由……组成”之意，此时主语表示事物的整体，宾语表示事物的组成部分；也可以表示“构成”之意，此时主语表示事物的组成部分，宾语表示事物的整体。例如：

All substances are composed of a great many particles called atoms.一切物质都是由大量称作原子的粒子构成的。

Detailed Reading

Do you know how many states comprise the United States?你知道美国是由多少个州构成的吗？

的主语表示事物的组成部分，宾语表示事物的整体。例如：

consist

constitute

是个不及物动词，与介词 of 一起连用，不可用于被动语态。 consist 的主语表示事物的整体， of 后的宾语表示事物的组成部分。例如：

Seven days constitute a week.

七天为一个星期。

Our dinner consists of three courses only.我们的晚餐只有三道菜。

emotional: adj.

1. of or relating to emotionDetailed Reading

The child’s bad behavior is a result of emotional problems.

2. having feelings which are strong or easily made active

He was very emotional; he cried when I left.

Collocation:stir/whip up emotion(s) express emotion show emotionsuppress/contain one’s emotions

NB: 该词的名词形式为 emotion 。

激发起感情表达情感显露出情感抑制感情

Detailed Reading

anxiety: n.

1. fear and worry, esp. as caused by uncertainty about something

The doctor’s report removed all their anxieties.

2. a strong wish to do something; eagerness

anxiety to please

Collocation:anxiety about … ……对的焦虑

anxiety for … ……为担忧display anxiety 表现出焦虑relieve one’s anxiety 消除某人的忧虑

他们对她的安全感到非常担忧。

They felt strong anxiety for her safety.

急于取悦

There was much anxiety about the future of these theatres.

人们对这些剧院的前途忧心忡忡。

Detailed Reading 意为“忧虑”、“担心”，往往指悬而未决或吉凶难卜的事所引起的焦虑与紧张，也指可能即将到来的灾难和不幸所产生的恐惧与忧虑。

这三个词作为名词都有“忧虑”、“烦恼”之意。CF: anxiety, concern & worry

worry

concern

anxiety

意为“烦恼”、“忧虑”，指一种内心深处的忧虑，其烦躁不安与反复思量的程度比 anxiety深，并带有强烈的个人情感色彩。

意为“关心”、“关切”、“忧虑”，往往指出于尊敬或个人利益、兴趣等而对某事产生的关心与忧虑，不是无动于衷的状态，程度较缓和。

Detailed Reading

Directions: Fill in the blanks with the words above. Change the form where necessary.

Life is full ofEveryone has of his own.The Prime Minister expressed his over the postal strike. Our grew when the mountain climbers hadn’t returned by nightfall. It is a to me having to leave the sick child alone in the house. It’s my for your future that makes me ask you all these questions.

worries_______.

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

anxieties________concern________

anxiety_______

worry______

concern_______

Detailed Reading

respond: v.

1. act in answer

I kicked the dog, which responded with a growl.

2. answer someone or something

She responded to my letter with a phone call.

He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.

他对我的建议报以一笑。

He responded that he had not been in the building at the time.

所回答的内容可能是表示同意、反对或提供有关情况，在较广泛的意义上可针对任何人所讲的话或所做的事作出反应。

这三个词作为动词都有“回答”之意。CF: answer, reply & respond

reply

answer

所回答的是针对问题的陈述或声明。

Detailed Reading

respond 通常指对号召、指责、请求等作出反应，也指一般口头或书面的回答或对某人行动的反应。


She that she would try to help him. I asked him several questions, but he never Many young people heartily to the call of the government. When Tom insulted him, he with a kick. Our men to the enemy’s fire. I knocked at the door, but nobody

answered_________.

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

responded_________

responded_________replied______

answered________.

replied______

keep (sth.) to:keep private to oneself

He kept the news to himself.Detailed Reading

She doesn’t go out much; she likes to keep to herself.

她不常出门，喜欢自己独处。

Detailed Reading

reveal: vt.

1. allow to be seen

Close examination revealed a crack in the vase.

2. make known

The curtain opened, to reveal a darkened stage.

I can’t reveal who told me.

我不能透露是谁告诉我的。

Teachers revealed to the press that they were going on strike.

influence:

父母对子女的影响

the influence of parents on their children

He has a strange influence over the girl.

Religion has been an influence for good in her life.

Detailed Reading1. n.

1) the capacity to have an effect on the character, development, or behavior of sb. or sth., or the effect itself

2) person, fact, etc. that exercises such power

We are subject to many influences.

2. vt. have an effect on

Don’t let me influence your decision.

What influenced you to do it?

Detailed Reading

Collocation:

exert influence on … ……对施加影响strengthen one’s influence 加强势力under sb.’s influence 在某人的影响下under the influence of … ……在的影响下

outside influences 外界影响

drive under the influence of alcohol

酒后开车

entertain: v.

Could you entertain the children for an hour, while I make supper?

我做晚饭时，你能哄孩子们玩一个小时吗？

A teacher should entertain as well as teach.

Detailed Reading1. amuse and interest

He does most of his entertaining in restaurants.

Bob and Liz entertained us to dinner last night.

2. give a party (for); provide food and drink (for)

NB: 注意该词的词性变化。其名词形式为 entertainment ； entertaining作为形容词意为“有趣的”、“使人娱乐的”； entertainer 是名词，意思是“专业表演者”、“提供娱乐者”。

Detailed Reading

at work: doing sth., in operation

在经济领域中起作用的通货膨胀

I am at work on a new project now.

inflationary forces at work in the economy

environment: n. the natural or social conditions in which people live

不愉快的家庭环境能影响儿童的行为。An unhappy home environment can affect a child’s behavior.

We have to stop spoiling the environment.Detailed Reading

Collocation:

clean up the environment 清理环境improve the environment 改善环境preserve/protect the environment 保护环境pollute the environment 污染环境

Detailed Reading

inherit: vt.

The new administration inherited the economic problems of the last four years.

He’s inherited a fortune from his rich uncle.

1. receive something from someone who has died or moved on

She inherited her mother’s good looks and her father’s bad temper.

2. derive (qualities, etc.) from an ancestor

resemblance: n. similarity, esp. in appearance; likeness

There’s a strong resemblance between the two sisters.

She bears a resemblance to her mother.

Detailed Reading你能看出家人之间的相似之处吗？Can you see a family resemblance?

多指物，强调性质、特色、程度的相似或类似。主要是针对外观或外在的性质而言。

这三个词都是名词，都有“相像”、“相似”之意，在一些情况下可以通用。

最普通，比 resemblance 意味更强。

CF: likeness, resemblance & similarity

resemblance

similarity

likeness

Detailed Reading


There is great between his father and him. How much is there between the two religions? He bears a strong to the people depicted in his play. I can’t see much between the two boys’ personalities.

1.

2.

3.

4.

likeness_______

resemblance___________similarity_______

resemblance___________

aspect: n.

这房子朝南。The house has a southern aspect.

look at every aspect of the problem

1. a particular side of a many-sided state of affairs, idea, plan, etc.

2. the direction in which a window, room, or front of a building faces

The training course covers every aspect of the job.

3. appearance or look

Detailed Reading

a man of enormous size and terrifying aspect

面目狰狞的彪形大汉

Her face has an angry aspect.

Detailed Reading

Collocation:

a serious aspect 严重性from an aspect 从一个方面in an aspect 在一方面a grim aspect 严厉的外貌

circumstance: n.[usu. pl.] a fact, condition, or event concerned with and influencing another event, person, or course of action

in easy/poor circumstances

Detailed Reading

处于富裕 /贫穷状况

如果情况允许，工作从星期一开始。

Work will begin on Monday if circumstances permit.

Collocation:in/under no circumstances 决不；无论如何都不

in/under the circumstances 既然这样；在这种情况下

Under no circumstances should you lend him any money.

你无论如何都不该把钱借给他。

She coped well in the circumstances, e.g. even though she was feeling ill.她在这种情况下仍处理得当（如虽然身体不适）。

Detailed Reading

surround: v. be or go around on every side

He likes to surround himself with beautiful things.

The prison is surrounded by a high wall.

监狱的四周都是高墙。

Detailed Reading

impact: n. 1. the strong effect that something has on something else

Her new idea made a great impact in the office.

碰撞产生的冲击

The new computer has made quite an impact on us.

2. the force of one object hitting another

the impact of a collision

affect: vt. 1. have an influence on (sb./sth.); produce an effect on

Detailed Reading

指通过某事物本身直接显现影响，具有某种促进因素，足以引起人或事物的反应。当其宾语是人时，常表示心智或情感上的波动，以及健康情况的变化。这种影响多为消极的，通常是能够察觉到的。

这两个词作为动词都有“影响”之意。指通过劝说、催促、举例或行动等间接途径对人的思想、品质、行为或对其成长等产生影响，也可表示对一种形势局面的左右。这种影响可以是好的，也可以是坏的，但经常是不易察觉的 , 是潜移默化的。

CF: influence & affect

affect

influence

The change in climate may affect your health.

The tax increases have affected us all.

2. cause (sb.) to have feelings of sadness or sympathy; touch

We were deeply affected by the news of his death.

Detailed Reading


Smoking health.The weather crops. The judge was never in his decision by his sympathies or prejudices. Tom’s being demoted from corporal ( 下士 ) to private ( 士兵 ) seriously his income.

1.

2.

3.

4.

affects______influences________

affected_______

influenced_________

Detailed Reading

secure: adj.1. safe; protected against danger or risk

He feels secure about his future.

a secure job2. closed, firm, or tight enough for safety

A climber needs secure footholds.

离开房子之前要把窗户关紧。 Make the windows secure before leaving the house.

Collocation:secure against/from ……免受（侵害等）的

secure in ……在方面是牢固的

secure about ……对放心的

secure against attack 免受攻击的secure from danger 没有危险

secure in one’s beliefs 坚守自己的信仰

他对自己的前途感到放心。

a castle secure from attack

Detailed Reading

吸烟的害处

the harmful effects of smoking

A few late nights are harmful to your health.

harmful: adj. causing or likely to cause harm

Detailed Reading

exert: vt.use strength or skills in a determined way for a particular purpose

He exerted all his influence to make them accept his plan.

My wife’s been exerting a lot of pressure on me to change my job.

Collocation:

exert all one’s strength 使出全身力气exert influence on … ……对施加影响exert pressure on … ……给压力exert oneself 努力；尽力

You’ll have to exert yourself more if you want to pass your exam.

他不必为我费那么大力气。

He doesn’t have to exert himself on my behalf.

Detailed Reading

satisfy: v.

satisfy sb.’s hunger/demands/curiosity

解饿 /符合要求 /满足好奇心

She’s not satisfied with anything but the best.

1. give (sb.) what sb. wants, demands or needs; make contented

2. fulfill (a need, desire, etc.); do enough to meet (a requirement, etc.)

Some people are very hard to satisfy.

3. give sb. proof, information, etc.; convince sb.

My assurances don’t satisfy him; he’s still skeptical.

She has satisfied the conditions for entry into the college.

Detailed Reading

Tobacco is taxed in most countries, along with alcohol.

He packed an atlas along with other books.

他把一本地图册和其他书堆在一起。

along with: together with

Useful Expressions

Suffix Matching

Optional Classroom

Activities

Discussion and Writing

Picture Talking

Proverbs and

Quotations

1. 基因构成 genetic make-up

2. 思考，考虑 reflect on

3. 总结，归纳，概括 sum up

4. 塑造个性 shape personality

5. 付出努力 make the effort

6. 由……组成；由……构成 be composed of

7. 大体上，一般而言 in general

8. 分成 fall into

9. 响应，反应 respond to

10. 请客（吃饭）；举行（聚会） throw a party

11. 不把……告诉（某人）；防止（某人）听到（某事）

keep (sth.) to

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13. 智力特征 intellectual traits

14. 沉思 deep thought

15. 以幽默的方式 in entertaining ways

16. 在工作中；在干活 at work

17. 从……处遗传…… inherit … from …

18. 对……有影响（起作用）

have an impact on

19. 产生影响 exert an effect on

20. 另一方面 on the other hand

21. 对……满意 be satisfied with

22. 跟……一起 along with

Useful Expressions

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Suffix Matching

Optional Classroom

Activities

Picture Talking

Proverbs and

Quotations


12. 处理情感 handle emotions

Useful Expressions

Directions: Match the words in the left column with the suffixes in the right column to make appropriate adjectives. In some cases, several suffixes can go together with one word.

Blank Filling

Suffix Matching

Optional Classroom

Activities

Picture Talking

Proverbs and

Quotations


a. -lessb. -fulc. -yd. -lye. -enf. -alg. -ishh. -ive

Original word Suffix Adjective

1. nature

2. friend

3. thirst

4. power

5. gold

6. fear

7. child

8. collect

9. noise

10. nation

natural

friendless, friendly

thirsty

powerless, powerful

golden

fearless, fearful

childless, childly, childish

collective

noiseless, noisy

national

Useful Expressions

Suffix Matching

Optional Classroom

Activities


Picture Talking

Proverbs and

Quotations

Blank Filling

Original word Suffix Adjective

1. nature

2. friend

3. thirst

4. power

5. gold

6. fear

7. child

8. collect

9. noise

10. nation

natural

friendless, friendly

thirsty

powerless, powerful

golden

fearless, fearful

childless, childly, childish

collective

noiseless, noisy

national

Directions: Match the words in the left column with the suffixes in the right column to make appropriate adjectives. In some cases, several suffixes can go together with one word.

a. -lessb. -fulc. -yd. -lye. -enf. -alg. -ishh. -ive

f

a, d

c

a, b

e

a, b

a, d, g

h

a, c

f

Directions: Listen to the passage and fill in the blanks. Useful Expressions

Blank Filling

Optional Classroom

Activities


Picture Talking

Proverbs and

Quotations

Suffix Matching One person chooses a bright red car, but another a dark green. One family paints the living room a sunny yellow, but another family uses white. One child wants a bright orange ball, but another wants a blue one. Psychologists and businessmen think these differences are important. In general, people talk about two groups of colors: warm colors and cool colors. think that there are also two groups of people: people who prefer warm colors and people who prefer cool colors. Warm colors include red, orange, and yellow. Where there are warm colors and a lot of light, people usually want to be . People think that red, for example, is exciting. people, those who like to be with others, like red. Cool colors

prefers_______

pure____light____

Researchers___________

active_____ Sociable_______

■

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Optional Classroom

Activities


Picture Talking

Proverbs and

Quotations

Suffix Matching

include green, , and violet. . Where there are cool colors, people are usually quiet. People who like to spend time alone often prefer blue. Two objects that are the same except for color look quite different. Color can make an object look nearer or farther, larger or smaller. A red object always looks nearer than a blue object. Bright objects look larger than dark objects of the same sizes. . When they wear dark clothes, they look smaller or slimmer than they are.

blue____ These colors, unlike warm colors, are relaxing

For example, red letters on a blue sign look as though they are in front of the sign

dark clothesLarge or fat people who want to look smaller or slimmer wear_____________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________.

_____________________________________

Directions: Find someone you know to make a team of two. Create a list of 15 questions to ask each other but you should not tell each other your responses or answers. The first two questions have been done for you. Once you have finished making your list, take five minutes to fill in the answers. Think of what your friend will most likely say. Once you have written all the answers, ask each other to check how many items you have correctly written about your friend. The more answers you have got correct, the more you know about your friend.

Useful Expressions

Optional Classroom

Activities

Discussion and

Writing

Picture Talking

Proverbs and

Quotations

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How Much Do You Know About Your Friend?

Useful Expressions

Optional Classroom

Activities

Discussion and

Writing

Picture Talking

Proverbs and

Quotations

Suffix Matching

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1. What is your favorite food?2. What is your most preferred type of movie (e.g. comedy,

action, drama)?…

Possible questions:What animal do you fear most?What is your worst experience?Who do you most admire?What is the most valued piece of advice you have got?Who is your idol?

Useful Expressions

Optional Classroom

Activities


Picture Talking

Proverbs and

Quotations

Suffix Matching

Blank Filling

Directions: Form groups of four students. (It would be better if the group is made up of roommates or close friends.) Recall the time when you first met your group members. What was your first impression of him/her? Choose among the following one best adjective to describe your first impression and cite some specific examples to support your statement. You can add to the adjective list as you like.

1. shy2. outgoing3. interesting4. dependent5. independent6. spoiled7. warm-hearted8. aggressive9. kind…

1. Discussion

2. Homework for Writing

Directions: For this part, you are required to write a composition on the topic My First Impression of … based on the discussion above. You should choose only one group member to write about. Also you can touch upon whether your impression of him/her remains unchanged or not. Your composition should be about 100 to 120 words.

Useful Expressions

Optional Classroom

Activities


Picture Talking

Proverbs and

Quotations

Suffix Matching

Blank Filling

Useful Expressions

Suffix Matching

Optional Classroom

Activities


Picture Talking

Proverbs and

Quotations

Blank Filling

Directions: Pictures in this section are based on the text you have learned. You are required to talk about them first in small groups and then in class.

Useful Expressions

Suffix Matching

Optional Classroom

Activities


Picture Talking

Proverbs and

Quotations

Blank Filling

1. It takes all sorts to make a world.

大千世界，千奇百怪。

2. There is no disputing about tastes.

人的趣味是无法解释的。

3. What is bred in the bone will stick to the flesh.

秉性难移。

品格之于人，犹如芳香之于花。 —— 美国实业家 C. C. 施瓦布

Useful Expressions

Suffix Matching

Optional Classroom

Activities

Discussion and

Writing

Picture Talking

Proverbs and

Quotations

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4. Personality is to a man what perfume is to a flower. — C. C. Schwab, USA businessman

5. Character is what you are in the dark. — D. L. Moody, USA churchman

暗处最能反映一个人真正品格。 —— 美国教士 D. L. 穆迪

6. As fruit needs not only sunshine but cold nights and chilling showers to ripen it, so character needs not only joy but trial and difficulty to mellow it. — Hugh Black, American writer

水果不仅需要阳光，也需要凉夜和寒冷的雨水才能成熟。同样，人的性情陶冶不仅需要欢乐，也需要考验和困难。 —— 美国作家 H. 布莱克

Useful Expressions

Suffix Matching

Optional Classroom

Activities

Discussion and

Writing

Picture Talking

Proverbs and

Quotations

Blank Filling

Warm-up Questions Background Information Group Discussion Listening Comprehension A Personality Test...

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