WARM UPQ4 Think about what other movies you have seen that are set in this time period. European Middle Ages New Invasions Trouble Western Europe Attacks from Vikings, Magyars, and Muslims caused widespread disorder & suffering across Europe. Vikings Germanic people from Scandinavia called Northmen or Norsemen Traders, farmers, explorers, warriors Quick raids & back to sea Before the local troops could attack Warships were long holding 300 warriors at 20 tons Could sail in shallow waters Up rivers & creeks Journeyed toward Russia, Constantinople, & Western Europe Believed Leif Ericson reached North America in 1000 Acceptance of Christianity & shift to warmer climates in Scandinavia ended the need for Viking raids Magyars Nomadic Attacked Europe from the East Superb horseback riders Never settled in conquered land Just captured people to sell as slaves Muslims Attacked Europe from South Got control of the Mediterranean Sea Disrupted trade Role of the Church VOCABULARY Monastery religious community Secular worldly Clergy religious officials of the church CharglemaneG2g Takes control of Frank kingdom -Reunites Europe -Spreads Christianity -Encroauges learning Feudalism in Europe Feudalism aa political and military system of protective alliances and relationships based on land ownership and personal loyalty Landowners (Lords) granted land (fiefs) to a vassal, a person receiving the land Feudalism King Most powerful vassals Church officials/bishops Nobles Knights (will defend the lords land for fiefs) Peasants or serfs (will work the land for food) 3 Social Classes 1) Nobles & Knights Those who fought 2) Men & Women of the Church/Clergy Those who prayed 3) Peasants & Serfs Those who worked Serfs Not slaves Cant be bought nor sold Could not lawfully leave the place where they were born Majority of the population Paid high taxes for grain & use of land Paid a tithe, church tax 1/10 of income Believed that God determined a persons place in society Like most Christians during Medieval times Hardly traveled 25 miles from their manor Gave a few days labor each week & portion of the grain to the lord Women shared the farmwork with her husband Manors: The Economic Side of Feudalism Manor Lords estate Self-sufficient community Lords provided serfs with housing, strips of farmland, and protection from bandits In return, serfs tended the lords lands, cared for his animals, and performed other tasks to maintain the estate The Age of Chivalry Feudal lords raised private armies to defend their territories Knights received land for their services Knights Inventions from the Mongols & India kept warriors on the horse SSaddle & stirrups Normally fought 40 days a year in battle for their lord Rest of the time, they trained for battle Page At age 7, young nobles were sent to a castle of another lord to learn CCourtly manners by waiting on his host WWar strategies by playing chess FFighting skills by practicing sword fighting Squire Around age 14, the page was raised to a squire Acts as a servant of a knight Takes care of the knights armor, weapons, & warhorse Escorts the knight to battles Knight Around age 21, a squire becomes a knight Knights Knights live by the code of chivalry Should display loyalty, bravery, & courteousness to all Cowards = public shame Knights entered tournaments to gain war skills, recognition, glory, & money Jousting Tournaments were never like the real battles The Literature of Chivalry People glorified Knights LLiterature often depicted a knights undying love for a lady far away Poems Songs TTroubadour Poet-musician TThe most celebrated lady of the times was Eleanor of Aquitaine for her beauty and purity hhttp://www.youtube.com/wa tch?v=ysU_ezDYt8A How to be ChivalrousS6XgzR4 Medieval Warfare Siege Tower Had a platform on top that lowered like a drawbridge Could support weapons and soldiers Battering Ram Made of heavy timber with a sharp metal tip Swung like a pendulum to crack castle walls or to knock down drawbridge Trebuchet Worked like a giant slingshot Propelled objects up to a distance of 980 feet Propelled boulders, severed human heads, captured soldiers, diseased cows, dead horses, pots of boiling lime Tortoise Moved slowly on wheels Sheltered soldiers from falling arrows Mangonel Flung huge rocks that crashed into castle walls Propelled objects up to 1,300 feet Mantlet shielded soldiers like a wall The Shifting Role of Women The status of women declined during the Middle Ages to staying at home Bearing children, taking care of the family, & household chores Noblewomen could inherit an estate from her husband When the husband was away fighting, the lady of the castle acted as a military commander & warrior Lords passed down their fiefs to their sons, not their daughters Tried to marry their daughters to someone else with land Church Gains Power Canon Law ALL WERE SUBJECT! Church rules everything! - Rituals hold the power to salvation Only clergy can administer - German-Italian Empire = Holy Roman Empire Church Power Lay Investiture Power to the kings & nobles Concordat of Worms Power to the church officials