Warm-up

How is culture learned? Look at your textbook on page 91 for

some ideas

Culture Collage

Use magazines and markers to create a collage that reflects your culture.

Make sure to include attitudes, values, and behaviors that you have learned from at least 3 of these major cultural influences… Family, Friends, and School Media Government Religious institutions

Culture Overview

Culture: shared attitudes, knowledge, and behaviors of a group Language Religion Art Music Food Clothing How people live

Warm-up Question

1. Write “religion” in inner circle

2. Write words/ phrases to describe religion in the outer circle.

3. Write examples of religions in the box, outside the circles

Hinduism and Buddhism3/1/2010

Objective

SWBAT identify and compare some of the world’s major religions, including Buddhism, Christianity, Hinduism, Islam, and Judaism

Hinduism

The world’s 3rd largest religion

History One of the oldest

world religions No founder Evolved over

thousands of years Beliefs vary by

culture

Fundamental Teachings

Brahman – the eternal being that created and preserves the world

Encompasses all things in life

Devas – various manifestations of Brahman Vishnu – the Preserver Siva – the Destroyer Ganesha – lord of wisdom Lakshmi – grants wealth Belief in devas varies widely

Rebirth and Salvation

Atman (soul) cannot be destroyed

Reincarnation – after death, soul reborn w/ another body

Karma – sum effect of deeds and actions during life

Moksha – ultimate goal and life, reunite fully with Brahman

Sacred Texts

The Vedas – hymns of praise

Epic poems Ramayana Mahabharata

Bhagavad Gita - considered the most sacred Hindu text

Read an excerpt…

From the Bhagavad-Gita

http://www.pbs.org/wnet/religionandethics/episodes/january-22-2010/hinduism-and-modern-india/5510/

Buddhism

Mostly Concentrated in Asia More than 350 million Buddhists Spread through work of

missionaries from India Very diverse religion

History

Developed in India Based on teachings of

Siddhartha Gautama, also called Buddha

Wanted to find a way to overcome sickness, death, suffering

Meditation --> enlightenment

Teachings of Buddha

Four Noble Truths Suffering is part of

human life (can’t escape it)

Suffering comes from people’s desires for pleasures

Overcoming desires brings suffering to an end

Overcoming desires is possible if you follow the eightfold path

Eightfold Path

Desires can be overcome with eightfold path to nervana, (a state of perfect peace in which the soul is free from suffering forever)1. Right view2. Right attitude3. Right speech4. Right action5. Right livelihood6. Right effort7. Right mindfulness8. Right concentration

Eightfold Path

The Middle Way

Advises people to live in moderation

Judaism and Christianity3/2/2010

Think about it…

What do Christianity, Judaism and Islam have in common?

Abrahamic Religions

Judaism Christianity Islam

Judaism

Origin: religion of the Hebrews in Palestine (Israel)

Time: unknown, has history from beginning of time

History

Hebrew people living in Fertile Crescent

Writings form basis of laws and requirements of Judaism, foundation for Christian Bible (OT)

Ten Commandments

Teachings

Monotheism - one God Hebrews (Jews) believe they are

God’s chosen people Justice and Righteousness

Golden Rule Strong code of ethics

Obedience to the law

Sacred Texts

Torah The Talmud

Christianity

Started as an offshoot of Judaism in the first century A.D.

Early Christians were often persecuted.

History

Messianic Prophecy Messiah – spiritual leader who

would restore the ancient kingdom and bring peace to the world.

Jesus of Nazareth Life – Son of God Death and

Resurrection – makes eternal life possible for others

Christians believe that God is revealed through three dimensions: the Father, the Son (Jesus Christ), and the Holy Spirit.

Sacred Texts

Bible Old Testament

the Jewish Torah with additions

New Testament written by the followers of Jesus after his death

World Religions: Part III

Islam

What do you know about Islam? Talk quietly with someone sitting

near you. Come up with as many things as you can about Islam. Think about what you’ve learned at home, in school, and in the news.

Islam or Muslim?

Islam is the name of the religion Muslim refers to its followers

What is Islam?

Read the “What is Islam?” article with a partner and fill out chart.

Islam

http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/globalconnections/mideast/video/islamist-islamic.html

Answer the following question on the back of your chart. How has your view of Muslims

changed? What have you learned about the truths and the stereotypes about Islam?

Islam

Origin: Arabia, the prophet

Muhammad influenced by Judaism

and Christianity received a revelation

and told others kicked out of Mecca,

went to Medina followers took over

Mecca and religion spread quickly

• Time: early 600s

Sacred Text

Qur’an, broken into chapters

called Suras revelations of

Muhammad, written by followers

only the original Arabic language (translations are seen only as interpretations)

Beliefs

God (Allah) is compassionate and merciful Mecca is their holy city, also Medina and

Jerusalem believe in revelations given to Abraham,

Moses, Jesus, but the final given to Muhammad

Five Pillars of Islam

1. Confession of Faith- “There is no God but God and Muhammad is his prophet”

2. Daily Prayers- 5 times a day facing Mecca

Five Pillars of Islam

3. Give to the poor4. Fasting- dawn until

dusk for the whole month of Ramadan

5. Pilgrimage- Hajj, go to Mecca if able

Writing Assignment

Pick a religion that you know little about and write a 5 paragraph essay about it. This might be a helpful format: Introduction Brief History Beliefs Ideas you like/don’t like about it Conclusion MUST BE TYPED, SIZE 12 FONT, DOUBLE SPACED TWO SOURCES

Religion Beliefs Religious Texts

Hinduism Believe in Brahman (God) Devas (diff. manifestations of Brahman Reincarnation, Karma, Moksha

The Vedas Upanishads Bhagavad Gita

Buddhism Buddha is enlightened teacher, leader Four Noble Truthes Eightfold Path

Dhammapada Writings of

Buddha

Judaism Monotheism Jews are God’s chosen people Salvation through obedience and righteousness

Torah Talmud

Christianity Offshoot of Judaism (shared history) Based on Life, Death, Resurrection of Jesus Salvation through belief in Jesus

Bible (Old & New Testaments)