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Transcript of Warm Up: Happy Tuesday!!! What do you know about gladiators? Where have you seen gladiators in the...
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Warm Up:
Happy Tuesday!!! What do you know about gladiators? Where have you seen gladiators in the media??
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Roman Culture and Society
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Roman Arts and Literature
The Romans spread Greco-Roman arts and culture throughout the
empire
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Roman ArtsDeveloped a taste for Greek statues
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SculptureSculptures produced more realistic works
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PaintingsPainters painted portraits and
landscapes on walls of villas
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ArchitectureConcrete helped to construct huge
buildings that the Greeks could not create
Remarkable engineersRoads, bridges, and aqueductsBuilt 50,000 miles of roads throughout the
empireIn Rome, a dozen aqueducts kept a population of
one million supplied with water
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ArchitectureExcelled in architecture
Used curved formsArch, vault and dome
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Slavery and Slave Revolts No people in the ancient world had more
slaves or depended on slaved more than the Romans Large numbers of captured soldiers in war
became slaves Used as: household workers, cooks,
valets, waiters, cleaners, gardeners, farm laborers
Many slave holders were afraid of their slaves b/c they treated them so awful
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Slavery and Slave RevoltsIf a slave killed his master,
the slave would be executed and all other slaves would be killed too
Most famous slave revolt was led by the gladiator SpartacusIn 73 B.C. he led 70,000 slavesDefeated several armies6,000 of his followers were crucified
or nailed to a cross
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Spartacus is Hollywood
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Aqueducts and Roman RoadsSuperb builders Network of 50,000
miles of roadsRome- a dozen
aqueducts kept 1 million people supplied with water
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Life in Ancient Rome
City life in Ancient Rome had great problems similar to life today
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FamilyThe heart of
Roman society was the family
Paterfamilias- the dominant maleIncluded wife, sons
and their wives, unmarried daughters, and slaves
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EducationRaised their children at
homeUpper-class children:
expected to learn and read
Father was chief figure in providing educationDecided whether to teach
them, hire a teacher, or send to school
Teachers were often Greek slaves
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AdulthoodChildhood ended for:
Boys- 16Girls- 12-14Ceremony for boys- trade in
purple togaGirls ceremony- marriage
Women must have male guardiansPaterfamilias responsibilityWhen he dies, sons or nearest
relative takes over
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MarriageGirls could get married
as young as 12Boys usually 16-18Meant for life3rd century A.D.-
introduce divorce Easy to obtain Husband or wife could ask
for itFathers arranged
marriages for their daughters
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WomenMore independence and
freedomRight to own, inherit and
sell propertyNot segregated from
men in the homesCould attend races,
theater, amphitheater but sit in separate sections
Accompanied by maidsCould not participate in
politics
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Living Conditions in Rome
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Living Conditions in RomeCenter of the empire was Rome, one
million people at the time of AugustusBoasted public buildings like no other in the
world, but also was over crowded and noisyHard to sleep at night
Dangerous- could be robbedWagon traffic horribleSoaked by fiflth trhown out of
windows
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Where they livedThe rich lived in comfortable
villas The poor lived in apartment
blocks called insulaeFire an extreme hazard
Hard to put outFamous one in A.D. 64
High rent- lived in one roomNo AC or central heating= very
uncomfortable
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Living Conditions in RomeEmperors proved food for the poorLarge scale entertainment was provided
for the people of Rome1. Horse and chariot races in Circus
Maximus2. Dramatic performances were held in
theaters3. Gladiator shows
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A Gladiator’s LifeTypes of Gladiators
Circus Maximus and The Colosseum
The Roman Gladiators
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The beginnings of Violent games
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A Gladiator’s LifeAs Rome expands it
comes into conflict with other cultures
Majority of those that become gladiators are because of conquest
The conquered were then escorted back to Rome where they would be sold in slave markets
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A Gladiator’s LifeSent to a ludus
gladiatorious to be trained
Training was under the supervision of a lanista or “the butcher”
Abuse was common place and was both physical and psychological (whipping most common)
Day consisted of lifting weights and learning the art of death
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A Gladiator’s LifeCommon myth is that
gladiators were only slaves
Majority were but they were criminals, debtors and those condemned to death
Trained according to one’s physical attributes or skills
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Training
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At the Coliseum At the coliseum
gladiators fought first
Concerned about survival and what lanista will do if you do not perform well
After condemned are killed, animals hunted and criminal fights
Gladiators fight again in late day but it is to the death now
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Death of GladiatorsDefeated gladiators could
appeal for mercy but it was at the whim of the crowd
Death did not always come at the hands of one’s opponent
Men dressed as Roman gods would kill the loser in a variety of ways to add to the sensationalism of the event
Thumbs down meant to spare the gladiator
A thumb up meant to kill him
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Colosseum Built by Emperor
Vespasian and Titus 70-80 A.D.
Seated 45,000, had two large restroom areas, covered area, numbered seating based on class, and had supporting facilities nearby
Longest games were 123 days long
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ColosseumExotic animals
hunts, gladiatorial combat, executions, brutal plays, battle recreations and possibly naval battles with alligators entertained the crowds
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Bull Fight vs. Roman Warriors
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Death of a Gladiator
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Material Evidence
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Thraex
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Gladiatorial Scenes in Art
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Zliten Mosaic
Originally in a Roman seaside villaNow in Archaeological MusuemTripoli, Tunisia
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Fragment of a Relief Showing Gladiators in the New York Metropolitan Museum of Art Roman, 1st-3rd century ADRecorded ca. 1880 in the Vigna Aquari in Rome.Accession # 57.11.
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Gladiator cup, ca. 50–80 A.D.; Neronian–Early FlavianicRoman; Found at Montagnole, southern France
Now in New York Metropolitan Museum of ArtGlass; H. 2 7/8 in. (7.3 cm), Diam. 3 1/8 in. (7.9 cm)Gift of Henry G. Marquand, 1881 (81.10.245)
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Ancient Mosaic now in Bourghese Gallery, Rome
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Murder and non-Gladiator games
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Gladiatorial Tombstones
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Christians vs. Gladiators