Warm-upGrab a marker

Go around the room and put an “X” to show your level of confidence with each of the subjects.

1 is very little confidence

10 is you think you can Ace this section of the test.

There are 6 topics make sure you look at all of them

Global Warming

6.1.1 Describe the role of greenhouse gases in maintaining mean global temperature

6.1.2 Describe how human activities add to green house gases

6.1.3 Discuss qualitatively the potential effect on increases mean global temperature

6.1.4 Discuss the feedback mechanisms that would be associated with an increase in mean global temperature

6.1.5- Describe and evaluate pollution management strategies too address the issue of global warming

Review- draw a trophoshpere and

stratosphere and label the pollutants at each level.

Gaia HypothesisWritten by James Lavelock

Sees the earth as if it were alive,

“We have given Gaia a fever and soon her condition will worsen to a state like a coma”

He believes that we are trying to control the temperature instead of trying protect Gaia before we made her sick.

The Green House Effect

Gases in the atmosphere reducing heat loss cause the effect by radiation back into space.

Incoming light is made up of visible light, ultraviolet light and infrared

45% of the incoming light is absorbed, scattered or reflected by the atmosphere and clouds before it reached the surface

GH effect continued…

55% reaches the surface

4% is reflected

51% is used for…..

Some heat is absorbed by gases in the atmosphere which re-emit it as heat back to the earth

Green House Gases

Carbon Dioxide

Methane (CH4)

Nitrous Oxide (N2O)

CFC’s

Ozone- in the troposphere

Global Warming potential

Not all greenhouse gases have the same effect on the absorption of radiation.

To measure the effect we use Global Warming Potential to look at how much one molecule contributes

There are far fewer CFC’s in the atmosphere but it is 10,000 times more effective at trapping long wave radiation

Where do our GHG come from?http://www.ecofys.com/files/files/asn-ecofys-2013-world-ghg-emissions-flow-chart-2010.pdf

Approximately what proportion of world greenhouse gas emissions come from energy?

Which part of the energy sector emits most greenhouse gases (by volume)?

What are the main greenhouse gases emitted? Draw a pie chart to show their relative volume in world emissions.

Apart from the energy sector, what are the main sources of greenhouse gases?

What are the main sources of (i) methane and (ii) nitrous oxides?

Approximately what proportion of world greenhouse gas emissions come from energy?

61.4

Which part of the energy sector emits most greenhouse gases (by volume)?

Electricity and Heat

What are the main greenhouse gases emitted? Draw a pie chart to show their relative volume in world emissions.

Carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide

Apart from the energy sector, what are the main sources of greenhouse gases?

Land use and agricultural

What are the main sources of (i) methane and (ii) nitrous oxides?Agriculture and industrial process

agriculture

6.1.3 Discuss qualitatively the potential effect on increases

mean global temperature

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Cs56_GqTyIQ

RealityClimate is resistant to change.

It may respond slowly to climate change then accelerate to reach a new equilibrium

Examples of effects of global warmingBiomes shifting

Change in location of crop growing areas

Changed weather patterns

Coastal inundations

Human heath

Effect on ocean and seal levels

• Temp increase causes water to expand and ice to melt which then runs off into the sea• Leads to sea level increasing• An increase between 1.5-4.5 C could mean a sea

level rise of 15-95 cm

• seas absorb CO2 • Makes the seas acidic by 0.1 pH• The oceans and seas absorb ½ the carbon

produced by anthropogenic activities• Warmer seas absorb less CO2• Feedback loop

Effect of polar ice caps

Melting of ice on Antarctica and Green land will cause sea levels to rise

Methane clathrate (a form of ice) is trapped. If the ice were to melt there would be an increase in methane in the atmosphere.

Feedback loop

Food productionBiomes may shift from the equator

If the high production area moves north new areas will have to become high food production areas

There will be winners and losers depending on the soil type.

Increase in temp may effect the plankton in marine food webs

Biodiversity and the Ecosystem

Melting of the permafrost would release methane trapped in the frozen soils

Animals can migrate… plants can not

Birds and butterflies have already shifted their ranges to higher altitudes

Plants are breaking their winter dormancy earlier

Pine forest in Canada

The forest is being devastated by the pine beetle

It is no longer being killed off by previously cold winters which now are milder

Effect on Human Health

Diseases that use vectors (mosquitos) could spread to higher latitudes

Yellow fever

Dengue fever

Malaria

Drier climates dust increases leading asthma and chest infections

Positives?

Effect on Human Migration?

Effect on the economy?

Good and bad…

Tar sands in Canada and Siberia will be open from melted permafrost (more OIL!!!!)

More hydroelectric power generators in higher latitudes

More agriculture in higher latitudes

Pollution Management

Three strategiesDo nothing

Wait and see

Take action now

Take Action NowFind alternative energy sources

Three precaution categories

International

National Actions

Personal

International

Kyoto Protocol1997: 160 nations signed

Legaly binding to reduce CO2 and 5 other green house gases to 2.2 % below the 1990 levels by 2012

2004: 55 counties ratifies the protocol2005: Kyotyo Protocol goes in effect, not signed by the US

National Level Regulation?

What can you do to reduce your green house

emission?